Determination of Creatinine as Kidney Function Biomarkers using Immobilised Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles on a Microfluidic Paper-Based Analysis Device (µPAD) Dhony Hermanto, Yustika Yustika, Lely Kurniawati, Ulul Khairi Zuryati, Bambang Kuswandi, Nurul Ismillayli Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2026 Early identification of kidney failure is crucial since it can advance silently without noticeable symptoms. Measuring creatinine, a waste product filtered by the kidneys, is an effective early diagnostic tool to prevent progression, reduce healthcare costs, and delay severe complications such as cardiovascular disease and anemia. In this study, a paper-based microfluidic sensor utilizing biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed for the colorimetric detection of creatinine. AgNPs were electrochemically synthesised with Orthosiphon aristatus extract (OAE) containing flavonoids (1.71±0.16 mg/g) and phenols (23.79±1.48 mg/g) as an electrolyte and stabilising agent to produce spherical AgNPs with a size of approximately 17.44±3.68 nm. The AgNPs were then immobilised on microfluidic paper to serve as a colorimetric creatinine detector. The sensor response was evaluated using RGB (Red, Green, Blue) analysis, which compared the colour intensity before and after interaction with creatinine. The addition of creatinine replaced the OAE-derived biomolecular capping layer on the AgNP surface, confirming the ligand exchange mechanism that induces some particles might undergo agglomeration, allowing the formation of larger nanoparticles (17.44±3.68 nm to 21.09±5.92 nm) while maintaining the fcc silver crystal structure as indicated by FTIR, SEM-EDX, PSA, XRD, and TEM measurements. The developed sensor exhibited a linear range of 1–100 µg/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 µg/L, confirming excellent sensitivity for the early detection of kidney disease. Furthermore, the optical readout demonstrated high precision, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) values of below 4% and 6%, respectively. Even in the presence of potential interferents at tenfold higher concentrations, the sensor maintained remarkable selectivity. Application in artificial urine yielded satisfactory recovery (R) rates (96.3–102.6%), confirming that AgNP@OAE paper-based microfluidic sensor is a simple, cost-effective, and reliable tool for point-of-care creatinine monitoring and early renal diagnostics.
Electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis Bambang Kuswandi, Rizanty Amalia, Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka, Bayu Tri Murti, Mochammad Amrun Hidayat International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2025 This review highlights the recent advancements of electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis and POC testing, as well as their potential obstacles and future directions These sensors offer a promising route towards low-cost point-of-care (POC) diagnostics by combining nanomaterials with electrochemical transduction principles to make clinical diagnosis more accessible and user-friendly, particularly in resource-limited settings. Their performance characteristics of high specificity, sensitivity, miniaturization, and ease of use make them excellent for the detection of a wide range of target analytes, including biomarkers for infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. This review examines the different types of electrochemical nanobiosensors, their potential applications in low-cost clinical diagnosis, current challenges, and possible prospects. To solve the remaining issues and realize the full capacity of these technologies to improve healthcare access and affordability on a global level, we point out the importance of further research and development. • Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, leading to low detection and high specificity. • Nanomaterial used contribute to improved signal transduction and biorecognition. • Versatility of the nanobiosensors across different clinical areas. • Low-cost devices and easy to use outside of traditional laboratory settings. • Affordable and accessible diagnostic tools for point-of-care applications.
Nano-technologies and reinforcements Bambang Kuswandi, Mochamad Asrofi Processing and Development of Polysaccharide Based Biopolymers for Packaging Applications, 2020
A lab-on-a-tip biosensor for colorimetric detection of uric acid in urine samples using a smartphone B Kuswandi, NC Agustini, MA Hidayat Analytical Letters 59 (4), 623-634 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Structural characterization, cryoprotective potential, and mechanistic insights of thawed drip proteolytic peptides X Han, J Cao, S Liu, J Wang, W Teng, M Li, X Yao, B Kuswandi, ... Food Chemistry, 148154 , 2026 2026
A user-friendly AgNP colorimetric sensor for mercury (II) monitoring in water systems D Hermanto, Y Tsaniyatinnuri, S Hamdiani, L Kurniawati, B Kuswandi, ... Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 101125 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
A distance-based paper sensor for simple and rapid detection of paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples B Kuswandi, FIR Abdillah, MA Hidayat, X Sun, S Wonorahardjo Chemical Papers, 1-9 , 2026 2026
A total volatile basic nitrogen detection method for yellow croaker based on an electronic nose combined with an AIE‐LSTM regression model L Ren, P Li, W Chen, B Wei, B Kuswandi, Z Wang Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 2026 2026
Determination of Creatinine as Kidney Function Biomarkers using Immobilised Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles on a Microfluidic Paper-Based Analysis Device (µPAD) D Hermanto, Y Yustika, L Kurniawati, UK Zuryati, B Kuswandi, N Ismillayli 2026
Screening of tilmicosin aptamer and label-free dual-signal biosensing platform based on inner filter effect with black phosphorus quantum dots Y Wang, Q Han, M Fang, J Huang, S Dou, X Sun, Y Guo, F Du, ... Microchemical Journal, 116677 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis B Kuswandi, R Amalia, DAE Pitaloka, BT Murti, MA Hidayat International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 101205 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
Anthocyanin-based indicator for freshness monitoring of mushroom kebabs B Kuswandi, A Margareta, MA Hidayat Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1-10 , 2025 2025
Novel glove-type flexible aptasensor based on DNA hydrogel for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables J Zhao, J Dong, R Xu, J Huang, H Zhang, L Geng, J Zhao, B Kuswandi, ... Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 138716 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Mechanical and Physical Properties of PLA Biocomposites Reinforced With Hybrid Fiber From Cocoa Pod Husk and Dragon Fruit Root for Flexible Packaging M Asrofi, M Rafid, RR Pradiza, M Yusuf, M Siswanto, B Kuswandi, ... Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 31 (5), 975-984 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Smart Food Packaging BTW Putra, B Kuswandi 2025 Citations: 1
Antioxidant Activity and H 2 O 2 Sensing Ability of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Solanum melongena L. Peel Extract. Y Retnaningtyas, NP Dewi, N Kristiningrum, B Kuswandi Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research 9 (6) , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Pengolahan Makanan Bergizi Bagi Kader PKK RW 04 Kelurahan Badean IY Ningsih, MA Hidayat, IB Suryaningsih, B Kuswandi Jurdimas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Royal 8 (2), 328-333 , 2025 2025
Development of The Scanometric Method for Caffeine Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations MA Hidayat, RR Panida, IY Ningsih, B Kuswandi Jurnal Riset Kimia 16 (1), 113-120 , 2025 2025
Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose film using coconut water and Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis by the casting method IY Ningsih, MA Hidayat, B Kuswandi, T Erawati Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 15 (3), 206-217 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
The ABTS-microzone plate and scanometry as a simple and fast colorimetric assay for determining the total antioxidant capacity of plant extract MA Hidayat, H Ilham, IY Ningsih, B Kuswandi Chemical Papers 79 (2), 775-782 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Optimization of Edamame (Glycine max) Extract Essence Formula as a Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Agent Using a Simplex Lattice Design IY Ningsih, MA Hidayat, B Kuswandi, TE Munandar Asian Journal of Green Chemistry 9 (5), 539-556 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Seafood packaging materials based on seafood waste B Kuswandi, MA Hidayat Quality Analysis and Packaging of Seafood Products, 181-200 , 2025 2025
Colorimetric Paper-based Sensors for Low-cost Clinical Diagnostics B Kuswandi, MA Hidayat 2024 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Optical sensing systems for microfluidic devices: a review B Kuswandi, J Huskens, W Verboom Analytica chimica acta 601 (2), 141-155 , 2007 2007 Citations: 628
Smart packaging: sensors for monitoring of food quality and safety B Kuswandi, Y Wicaksono, Jayus, A Abdullah, LY Heng, M Ahmad Sensing and instrumentation for food quality and safety 5 (3), 137-146 , 2011 2011 Citations: 549
A novel colorimetric food package label for fish spoilage based on polyaniline film B Kuswandi, A Restyana, A Abdullah, LY Heng, M Ahmad Food control 25 (1), 184-189 , 2012 2012 Citations: 457
Cellulose/chitosan pH-responsive indicator incorporated with carrot anthocyanins for intelligent food packaging FE Tirtashi, M Moradi, H Tajik, M Forough, P Ezati, B Kuswandi International journal of biological macromolecules 136, 920-926 , 2019 2019 Citations: 330
On-package dual sensors label based on pH indicators for real-time monitoring of beef freshness B Kuswandi, A Nurfawaidi Food Control 82, 91-100 , 2017 2017 Citations: 325
Real-time monitoring of shrimp spoilage using on-package sticker sensor based on natural dye of curcumin B Kuswandi, Jayus, TS Larasati, A Abdullah, LY Heng Food Analytical Methods 5 (4), 881-889 , 2012 2012 Citations: 237
Development of an easy-to-use colorimetric pH label with starch and carrot anthocyanins for milk shelf life assessment MM Goodarzi, M Moradi, H Tajik, M Forough, P Ezati, B Kuswandi International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 153, 240-247 , 2020 2020 Citations: 209
A novel high throughput method based on the DPPH dry reagent array for determination of antioxidant activity KH Musa, A Abdullah, B Kuswandi, MA Hidayat Food chemistry 141 (4), 4102-4106 , 2013 2013 Citations: 172
Characterization of cellulosic paper coated with chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite containing nisin and its application in packaging of UF cheese E Divsalar, H Tajik, M Moradi, M Forough, M Lotfi, B Kuswandi International journal of biological macromolecules 109, 1311-1318 , 2018 2018 Citations: 167
A novel on‐package sticker sensor based on methyl red for real‐time monitoring of broiler chicken cut freshness B Kuswandi, Jayus, R Oktaviana, A Abdullah, LY Heng Packaging technology and science 27 (1), 69-81 , 2014 2014 Citations: 167
Real time on-package freshness indicator for guavas packaging B Kuswandi, C Maryska, Jayus, A Abdullah, LY Heng Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 7 (1), 29-39 , 2013 2013 Citations: 164
Edible pH sensor based on immobilized red cabbage anthocyanins into bacterial cellulose membrane for intelligent food packaging B Kuswandi, NPN Asih, DK Pratoko, N Kristiningrum, M Moradi Packaging Technology and Science 33 (8), 321-332 , 2020 2020 Citations: 152
Tripodal receptors for cation and anion sensors B Kuswandi, n/a Nuriman, W Verboom, DN Reinhoudt Sensors 6 (8), 978-1017 , 2006 2006 Citations: 145
Optical fibre biosensors based on immobilised enzymes B Kuswandi, R Andres, R Narayanaswamy Analyst 126 (8), 1469-1491 , 2001 2001 Citations: 143
Simple optical fibre biosensor based on immobilised enzyme for monitoring of trace heavy metal ions B Kuswandi Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 376 (7), 1104-1110 , 2003 2003 Citations: 125
A simple visual ethanol biosensor based on alcohol oxidase immobilized onto polyaniline film for halal verification of fermented beverage samples B Kuswandi, T Irmawati, MA Hidayat, Jayus, M Ahmad Sensors 14 (2), 2135-2149 , 2014 2014 Citations: 123
Active and intelligent packaging, safety, and quality controls B Kuswandi Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, 243-294 , 2020 2020 Citations: 114
Immuno strip test for detection of pork adulteration in cooked meatballs B Kuswandi, AA Gani, M Ahmad Food bioscience 19, 1-6 , 2017 2017 Citations: 100
Immobilised reagents for optical heavy metal ions sensing N Malcik, O Oktar, ME Ozser, P Caglar, L Bushby, A Vaughan, ... Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 53 (3), 211-221 , 1998 1998 Citations: 99
