A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach to Assessing the Comprehensive Health of Batteries in Electric Vehicles Venkatesh MURUGAN, Satish Kumar RAMOJI, Venkata Pavan Kumar ARAPIRALA, Lalit Chandra SAIKIA, Biswanath DEKARAJA Energy Systems Engineering Modeling Analysis and Application, 2026 Battery management systems (BMSs) are crucial for improving battery performance, assuring safety and extending the life of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). This chapter provides an advanced hybrid BMS framework that integrates stacked ensemble learning models, XG Boost and deep learning networks for state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH) and remaining useful life estimation, along with fault detection. The methodology uses synthetic data creation, feature engineering and ensemble learning strategies to increase the accuracy of battery status estimates. The chapter describes the system design, including modeling approaches and feature engineering, and presents the model development process. It covers model evaluation, data generation and preprocessing, and model training, respectively. Future research should focus on testing the model with real-world EV battery datasets under various operating conditions. Deep learning integration advanced recurrent neural networks, LSTM and transformer models may increase the temporal accuracy of SOC and SOH forecasts.
Performance amelioration of concerted voltage-frequency regulation of multiarea hybrid power systems under restructured pattern using electric vehicles and interline power flow controller Biswanath Dekaraja, Lalit C. Saikia, Satish K. Ramoji Energy Storage, 2023 Abstract Electric power consumers need a stable and reliable electricity supply for their appliances. Voltage and frequency fluctuate owing to the gain in intermittent renewable energy sources in hybrid power systems (PSs). To mitigate these issues, this article proposed a new cascade controller named proportional‐derivative with filter and fractional‐order tilt‐integral‐derivative with filter (CPDN‐FOTIDN), controller for combined voltage and frequency control of three areas hybrid PS under deregulated environment. Hybrid PS comprises hydro, thermal, and geothermal power plant, modern electric vehicles (EVs), and interline power flow controller (IPFC). To make the analysis more realistic of the hybrid PS, more appropriate nonlinearities are considered. The artificial flora algorithm is employed for tuning controller parameters with several studies to obtain the desired response. Comparative analysis of dynamics responses reveals the superiority of the CPDN‐FOTIDN controller relative to PIDN and FOTIDN controllers under the three different power transactions. Investigations exhibited the performance enhancement of combined voltage and frequency control of hybrid PS after the integration of EVs into the considered system. Simulation results show that the EVs are a quick response in the presence of a CPDN‐FOTIDN controller compared to TID, and FOTID controllers during the system disturbance. Inter‐area oscillations improve after integration of IPFC into the system and the optimal location was found between area 1 and 2. Sensitivity studies demonstrated the sturdiness of the proposed controller against a wide variation of the system loading.
Design and Analysis of Combined Control Strategy for Grid Integrated PV-Hybrid System with Sparrow Search Optimized Seamless Control Manoja Kumar Behera, Lalit Chandra Saikia, Satish Kumar Ramoji, Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat, Biswanath Dekaraja 2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids Etfg 2023, 2023 The energy storage system (ESS) makes it easier to handle sporadic renewable energy sources (RESs). However, maintaining the power equilibrium between RES, loads, and ESS is crucial and requires effective control. The work presents a combined control method for an AC grid system that is powered by photovoltaics (PV) and battery and supercapacitor (SC) as hybrid energy storage (HES) to balance the power. The control makes use of the battery uncompensated power to boost the performance of the HES system. The PV-HES system makes sure that the critical loads always get power. The proposed approach enables rapid recovery of the DC-link voltage, all the while guaranteeing efficient distribution of power between the battery and the SC. A proportional integral controller that has been fine-tuned using the sparrow search algorithm is employed to manage the DC bus voltage effectively, leading to reduced fluctuations in the dynamic state and enhanced overall system stability. A smooth voltage source converter control is obtained without any major disruption. A range of operational scenarios, encompassing factors like fluctuations in PV generation and load demands, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy compared to conventional control methods. Simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed control maintains system stability under dynamic conditions.
AGC of Hybrid Multiarea Power Systems using AC-AHVDC links Biswanath Dekaraja, Lalit Chandra Saikia, Satish Kumar Ramoji, Sanjeev Kumar Bhagawt, Monaja Kumar Behra, Geetan Mesfin 2023 IEEE Guwahati Subsection Conference Gcon 2023, 2023 This article proposed a new secondary controller called (1 +IDF) for automatic generation control (AGC) of multiarea hybrid power systems (HPS) incorporating accurate HVDC (AHVDC) link having Phase-Lock-Loop (PLL) and supplementary power modulation controller (SPMC). The HPS consists of a reheat-thermal plant and realistic dish-Stirling solar thermal plant (RDSTS). The suggested controller gains are tuned by particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain desired system dynamic responses. Simulation results exhibit the superiority of the proposed controller compared to PIDF in terms of settling time, and peak aberrations. The incorporation of RDSTS into every reheat-thermal area enhances system's performance. Investigation reveals that the performance of AGC degrades in presence of the AHVDC link compared to conventional HVDC and AC links. The accumulation of PLL and SPMC into parallel AC/AHVDC links improved the AGC performance.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach to Assessing the Comprehensive Health of Batteries in Electric Vehicles V MURUGAN, SK RAMOJI, VPK ARAPIRALA, LC SAIKIA, B DEKARAJA Energy Systems Engineering: Modeling, Analysis and Application, 27-53 , 2026 2026
Design and Analysis of Combined Control Strategy for Grid Integrated PV-Hybrid System with Sparrow Search Optimized Seamless Control MK Behera, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, SK Bhagat, B Dekaraja 2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids … , 2023 2023
Effect of Several Mayfly Optimized Tilt Controllers in AGC of RES Integrated System SK Bhagat, LC Saikia, MK Behera, SK Ramoji, B Dekaraja, GM Meseret 2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids … , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Performance amelioration of concerted voltage‐frequency regulation of multiarea hybrid power systems under restructured pattern using electric vehicles and interline power flow … B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji Energy Storage 5 (7), e457 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Optimal coordinated frequency and voltage control of CCGT-thermal plants with TIDF controller SK Ramoji, LC Saikia IETE Journal of Research 69 (7), 4836-4853 , 2023 2023 Citations: 42
Maiden application of fuzzy-2DOFTID controller in unified voltage-frequency control of power system SK Ramoji, LC Saikia IETE Journal of Research 69 (7), 4738-4759 , 2023 2023 Citations: 41
Modified TID controller for concerted voltage and frequency control of two-area power system SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, MK Behera, GM Meseret, SK Bhagat 2023 IEEE Guwahati Subsection Conference (GCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
AGC of hybrid multiarea power systems using AC-AHVDC links B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, SK Bhagawt, MK Behra, G Mesfin 2023 IEEE Guwahati Subsection Conference (GCON), 01-06 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Amalgamated voltage and frequency regulation of an interconnected multi-source power system using the CFOI-TIDN controller SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja Recent Developments in Electrical and Electronics Engineering: Select … , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Impact of Redox Flow Battery and HVDC Link on Combined ALFC-AVR of a Hydrothermal System Incorporating GTPP Considering Communication Delay B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji Recent Developments in Electrical and Electronics Engineering: Select … , 2023 2023
Implementation of Sparrow Search Algorithm Tuned AWFOPI Controller for Three Phase Grid-Tied SPV-DSTATCOM Under Dynamic Loading Conditions MK Behera, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, SK Bhagat, B Dekaraja, GM Meseret 2022 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023
Effect of PWTS and AHVDC link on Multi-Area AGC System Considering TIDD Controller SK Bhagat, LC Saikia, GM Meseret, MK Behera, SK Ramoji, NR Babu, ... 2022 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Impact of TCSC and ESs on Unified ALFC-AVR study of Multi-Area Interconnected Power System using 2DOF-TIDD Controller SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, MK Behera, GM Meseret, SK Bhagat 2022 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Optimized Intelligent Based Controller for LFC of Multi-Area Hydrothermal System Incorporating Wind Firm and HVDC Links GM Meseret, LC Saikia, MK Behera, SK Ramoji, B Dekaraja, SK Bhagat 2022 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Electric Vehicle to grid support on combined frequency and voltage control of multiarea power system considering renewable energy B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, MK Behera, SK Bhagat, GM Meseret 2022 IEEE International Power and Renewable Energy Conference (IPRECON), 1-6 , 2022 2022 Citations: 3
Comparative performance of multiple energy storage systems in unified voltage and frequency regulation of power system including electric vehicles SK Ramoji, LC Saikia Energy Storage 4 (6), e360 , 2022 2022 Citations: 21
A QSSA optimized fractional-order controller for improving transient response in ac autonomous microgrid VSC system MK Behera, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, B Dekaraja, A Saha, SK Bhagat, ... Advances in Smart Energy Systems, 255-275 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Conflated Voltage–Frequency Control of Multi-area Multi-source System Using Fuzzy TID Controller and Its Real-Time Validation SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, MK Behera, SK Bhagat, NR Babu, ... Advances in Smart Energy Systems, 277-294 , 2022 2022 Citations: 3
Presentation of Real-Time Lab Analysis for Multiple-Area Renewable Sources-Thermal-Hydro System by Implementation of Cat Swarm Optimization A Saha, LC Saikia, NR Babu, SK Bhagat, MK Behera, SK Ramoji, ... Advances in Smart Energy Systems, 221-231 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Impact of Electric Vehicles and Wind Turbine in Combined ALFC and AVR Studies Using AFA-Optimized CFPD-PIDN Controller B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, MK Behera, SK Bhagat, A Saha, ... Advances in Smart Energy Systems, 233-253 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Optimal economical sizing of a PV-wind hybrid energy system using genetic algorithm and teaching learning based optimization SK Ramoji, BJ Kumar International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and … , 2014 2014 Citations: 66
Optimal coordinated frequency and voltage control of CCGT-thermal plants with TIDF controller SK Ramoji, LC Saikia IETE Journal of Research 69 (7), 4836-4853 , 2023 2023 Citations: 42
Maiden application of fuzzy-2DOFTID controller in unified voltage-frequency control of power system SK Ramoji, LC Saikia IETE Journal of Research 69 (7), 4738-4759 , 2023 2023 Citations: 41
Utilization of electric vehicles in combined voltage‐frequency control of multi‐area thermal‐combined cycle gas turbine system using two degree of freedom tilt‐integral … SK Ramoji, LC Saikia Energy Storage 3 (4), e234 , 2021 2021 Citations: 37
Optimization of hybrid PV/wind energy system using genetic algorithm (GA) SK Ramoji, BB Rath, DV Kumar International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) 4 (1 … , 2014 2014 Citations: 33
Comparative performance of multiple energy storage systems in unified voltage and frequency regulation of power system including electric vehicles SK Ramoji, LC Saikia Energy Storage 4 (6), e360 , 2022 2022 Citations: 21
Optimum Design of a Hybrid PV/Wind Energy System Using Genetic Algorithm (GA) SK Ramoji, BB Rath, DV Kumar IOSR Journal of Engineering 4 (1), 38-48 , 2014 2014 Citations: 19
Optimal Unified Frequency and Voltage Control of Multi-area Multi-source Power System using the Cascaded PIDN-TIDF Controller SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, MK Behera, SK Bhagat, NR Babu 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-6 , 2020 2020 Citations: 16
Coordinated control of voltage and frequency in a three-area multisource system integrated with SMES using FOI-FOPDF controller B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, NR Babu, SK Bhagat, MK Behera 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-7 , 2020 2020 Citations: 14
Performance analysis of diverse energy storage on combined ALFC and AVR control of Multiarea multiunit system with AC/HVDC interconnection B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, MK Behera, SK Bhagat IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (1), 479-485 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
Combined voltage and frequency control of a multi-area multi-source system using SFLA optimized TID controller NR Babu, DK Sahu, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-4 , 2019 2019 Citations: 13
Performance comparison of various tilt controllers in coalesced voltage and frequency regulation of multi-area multi-unit power system SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, MK Behera, SK Bhagat 2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON), 1-7 , 2022 2022 Citations: 12
Voltage and frequency control for DG inverter in low voltage islanded microgrid with improved virtual impedance droop control scheme MK Behera, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, B Dekaraja, SK Bhagat, NR Babu 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-7 , 2020 2020 Citations: 12
A novel decentralized FO voltage and current control scheme for voltage and frequency regulation in inverter dominated islanded microgrids using improved droop control MK Behera, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, B Dekaraja, SK Bhagat IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (1), 679-684 , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
Modeling and Simulation of an Isolated CCGT and DSTS Plant Using BWO Optimized PIλDµ Controller for Amalgamated Control of Voltage and Frequency SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, NR Babu, SK Bhagat, MK Behera Modeling, Simulation and Optimization: Proceedings of CoMSO 2020, 297 , 2021 2021 Citations: 10
Modified TID controller for concerted voltage and frequency control of two-area power system SK Ramoji, LC Saikia, B Dekaraja, MK Behera, GM Meseret, SK Bhagat 2023 IEEE Guwahati Subsection Conference (GCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
LFC of a Solar Thermal Integrated Thermal System Considering CSO Optimized TI-DN Controller NR Babu, LC Saikia, SK Bhagat, SK Ramoji, B Dekaraja, MK Behra Modeling, Simulation and Optimization: Proceedings of CoMSO 2020, 323 , 2021 2021 Citations: 9
Effect of PWTS and AHVDC link on Multi-Area AGC System Considering TIDD Controller SK Bhagat, LC Saikia, GM Meseret, MK Behera, SK Ramoji, NR Babu, ... 2022 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Combined ALFC-AVR Control of Diverse Energy Source Based Interconnected Power System using Cascade Controller B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji 2022 International Conference on Intelligent Controller and Computing for … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Impact of RFB and HVDC link on combined ALFC-AVR studies of a GTPP integrated hydro-thermal systems using a Cascade Fuzzy PD-Tid Controller B Dekaraja, LC Saikia, SK Ramoji, MK Behera, SK Bhagat 2022 4th International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment (ICEPE), 1-6 , 2022 2022 Citations: 8