Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts: Eco-friendly Solutions for Catalysis in Green Chemistry Krishnaveni Manubolu, Raveesha Peeriga Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts for Sustainable Energy Production, 2026 Metal oxide nanocatalysts have emerged as a transformative solution in green chemistry, aligning with global sustainability goals by promoting cleaner and more energy-efficient chemical processes. These nanocatalysts exhibit remarkable physicochemical properties, including high surface area, tunable porosity, and superior catalytic activity, enabling eco-friendly chemical transformations with minimal energy input and reduced waste production. Their application in sustainable catalysis plays a vital role in addressing environmental challenges, such as pollution control, carbon capture, and green energy conversion, contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Metal oxides like titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) have shown exceptional catalytic performance in renewable energy generation, wastewater treatment, and CO 2 reduction, making them essential for industrial-scale sustainability. Their ability to operate under mild conditions while being recyclable enhances their role in sustainable manufacturing. Additionally, advancements in nanotechnology have led to hybrid metal oxide nanocatalysts with enhanced selectivity, stability, and reduced toxicity, further reinforcing their alignment with green chemistry principles. Despite these advancements, challenges such as nanoparticle aggregation, stability under harsh conditions, and potential environmental impact require further research. Future innovations in surface modifications, bio-inspired nanocatalysts, and hybrid materials are expected to optimize their efficiency while ensuring minimal ecological footprint. As a result, metal oxide nanocatalysts hold great promise in revolutionizing sustainable chemical processes, paving the way for a greener and more sustainable future.
Target identification and validation Raveesha Peeriga, Krishnaveni Manubolu, Aminabee Shaik, Saidatri Arige, Jahasultana Mohammed, Vanukuri Lakshmana Vinod Kumar Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 This chapter covers target identification and validation processes in drug discovery together with their historical methods and contemporary approaches supported by new technology. The examination discusses traditional methods based on phenotypic screening together with serendipitous discoveries versus contemporary approaches utilizing high-throughput technologies along with computational models. This section of the chapter emphasizes the revolutionary contribution of genomics along with proteomics to new drug target discovery. Genomic technologies include next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to reveal both genetic variations and disease-related connections between them. Through proteomics, scientists can extend genomics knowledge because the technology shows proteins in detail alongside their connection patterns and functional behavior, contributing to full cellular system insights. These technologies help scientists detect new targets while validating the therapeutic value of these targets for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders and infectious diseases and autoimmune conditions. The chapter stresses that valid drug targets need comprehensive preclinical along with clinical testing to show their practical value for creating new drugs, which leads to individualized medical therapies.
Chemical biology approaches in drug discovery Raveesha Peeriga, Krishnaveni Manubolu, Shaik Sabreen, Sajja Jayanth Babu, Nagul Meeravali Shaik, Saidatri Arige Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 The process of modern drug discovery heavily depends on chemical biology as a technique to connect chemical science with biological research through its provision of investigative instruments for targeting and verifying drug candidate molecules. The forms of chemical probes combined with tool compounds enable new approaches in drug research because they enable precise molecular-level studies of biological processes, thus promoting better drug development. The fundamental components of drug discovery advancement rely on both chemical probes used to specify protein modifications and experimental tool compounds that help understand biological systems. Extensive disease mechanisms such as those in oncology, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases become transparent through these investigation methods, which traditional approaches fail to reveal. Extensive expansion of chemical probe libraries targeting multiple disease types will enable better comprehension of complex biological structures. The advances demonstrate significant potential for precision medicine by delivering better and segmental therapeutic approaches to treat complex diseases. The field of drug discovery experiences transformative improvements through chemical biology methods that introduce novel strategies for medical management difficulties.
High Throughput Screening (HTS) and phenotypic screening C.K. Ashok Kumar, Raveesha Peeriga, Krishnaveni Manubolu, Saidatri Arige, Vanukuri Lakshmana Vinod Kumar, Morla Devika Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 Modern drug discovery heavily depends on high-throughput screening (HTS) and phenotypic screening because they provide joint methods for therapeutic candidate identification and validation. The rapid automated technology system at HTS conducts tests on numerous compounds in volumes reaching thousands to millions to detect biological target responses. The use of target-based assays within this method achieves precise and scalable results, yet fails to show the complete effects of compounds on biological structures. The screening methodology in phenotypic testing determines compound efficacy through observable changes in cell or organismal phenotypes without needing target identification. The method proves crucial for identifying drug candidates which use fresh mechanisms of action among diseases whose pathways remain difficult to understand. Through their combination, HTS enables researchers to develop potent, stable drug candidates which successfully interact with biological systems at both target and system levels. Recent innovations such as artificial intelligence and 3D cell culture systems, and organ-on-a-chip technologies have improved both efficiency and prediction capabilities of screening strategies. Researchers can quicken the creation of effective therapeutics by combining methods synergistically through their drug discovery workflow.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in drug discovery Krishnaveni Manubolu, Talamanchi Balakrishna, Gorintla Sai Supraja, Venkateswara Rao Javvaji, Shaik Rasheed, Kishore Kumar Kadimpati Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in drug discovery is a new age of pharmaceutical research that presents an outstanding improvement in drug development procedures regarding efficiency and accuracy. Long delays and unreasonably high failure rates have often been connected with traditional drug development techniques. Alternatively, AI and ML technologies offer very powerful tools that can accelerate and upgrade most steps of drug discovery, from the identification of an initial target to the final optimization of medication. For instance, how AI and ML are transforming drug discovery is found in this article. This paper explores essential developments such as deep learning algorithmic analysis of large datasets, predictive modeling that predicts the interaction between drugs and their effectiveness, and data-driven insights to utilize in establishing every stage of the development process. Discussion is also given over the difficulties concerning AI and ML, including issues in algorithmic biases, quality of data, and the requirement to have critical validation. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of how AI and ML are changing pharmaceutical research, which promises more effective and customized methods of drug discovery.
Introduction to drug discovery Krishnaveni Manubolu, Talamanchi Balakrishna, Deevi Gouri Naga Venkata Gayathri, Janga Karthik Reddy, Nagasen Dasari, Sidagam Lokesh Kumar Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 Drug discovery is a huge and complex process incorporating diverse disciplines for the discovery of new therapeutic opportunities for many different diseases. This report traces the history of drug discovery and describes the major stages of the discovery process as target identification, hit identification, lead optimization, and preclinical testing. It further includes recent advancements, such as high throughput screening and computer-aided drug design, that have revitalized the art by accelerating the discovery process and making it much more accurate. Innovation is essential to drug discovery because it typically produces new processes and tools that overcome the limitations of their forerunners. The research delves into modern drug discovery in relation to biotechnology, ethics connected with such ventures, and the regulatory aspects in terms of safety and efficacy. It delineates future trends in the dynamics of such a dynamic profession, leading to innovation at every step. Good examples of such successful drug discoveries serve to well illustrate practical examples and the nature of change brought about by innovation in pharmaceutical research.
Interdisciplinary perspectives in drug discovery Krishnaveni Manubolu, Talamanchi Balakrishna, Chandika Naga Veera Venkata Pravallika, K. Ravi Shankar, Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthi, Sreenivasulu Munna Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 Multidisciplinary approaches, known as combined discursive approaches, also are a cooperation method by which the intersecting science and technique of diverse scientific fields are applied in an attempt to boost medication discovery. This multidisciplinary approach constitutes a systems approach in that it addresses the scientific challenges of moving into new treatments in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, computational science, mathematics and engineering and regulatory science. Creating, refining chemicals for chemistry; and the study of biological targets and methods of action for biology. Drug behavior and pharmacologists test drug interactions and effects are modelled and simulated by computational scientists. Robust data analysis renew themselves to mathematical statistical techniques, while engineering leads to the creation of novel, creative drug delivery devices. Expert advice from regulatory scientists and ethicists on how to stay on the state of safety and ethics. Diverse viewpoints of multidisciplinary cooperation promotes new pharmaceutical emergence, enhances drug safety and efficacy characteristics, and enables shorter drug development, ultimately producing superior therapeutic results.
Conclusion and future prospects on drug discovery Talamanchi Balakrishna, Raveesha Peeriga, Krishnaveni Manubolu, K. N. V. Chenchu Lakshmi, Miriyala Preethika, Nimmagadda Sai Sruthi, Afsar Shaik Innovations in Drug Discovery Exploring Cutting Edge Strategies and Technologies, 2025 In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in drug discovery and assess its implications for future research and development. The final section summarizes recent key findings from high-throughput screening (HTS), biomarker identification and personalized medicine. Moreover, it identifies the challenges encountered, like high costs, extended development cycles and both regulatory and commercial hurdles. Emerging trends in drug discovery, such as artificial intelligence (AI), genomic integration, and new therapeutic modalities, are explored as future prospects. By highlighting the successes, the challenges that persist, and the innovations that might alter the face of drug development, this analysis covers the full version of the progress to date. Results highlight a need for sustained interdisciplinary partnerships and continued investment in state-of-the-art technologies to overcome current constraints and progress discovery toward new, effective therapies.
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