FPGA Implementation of a Secure Audio Encryption System Based on Chameleon Chaotic Algorithm Alaa Shumran, Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein, Viet-Thanh Pham Dynamics, 2026 The growing need to safeguard sensitive data in various fields, including in relation to education, banking over the phone, private voice conferences, and the military, has grown as dependence on technology in daily life has increased. Encryption schemes based on chaotic systems are among the most commonly utilized approaches in the security field due to their high levels of safety and reliability. This study proposes a secure audio encryption framework based on the Chameleon chaotic algorithm implemented on a Xilinx ZedBoard Zynq-7000 FPGA. The system was designed using a fixed-point arithmetic format with 32-bit precision (eight integers; 24 fractional bits) with the Xilinx System Generator in MATLAB Simulink R2021b and verified using Vivado. The Chameleon Chaotic System, characterized by its transition from self-excited to hidden attractors through parameter variation, adds complexity to the system dynamics and strengthens the encryption algorithm. The Adaptive Feedback Control technique was applied to synchronize the signals. These methods enhance the security of audio data by ensuring robust and fast synchronization during transmission. The performance of the proposed system was assessed using correlation analysis, the mean squared error, histogram analysis, and audio spectrogram analysis. The system demonstrated strong encryption capabilities with low correlation values (−0.0033). In decryption, they achieved high fidelity with a correlation exceeding 0.999 in noise-free conditions and above 0.9933 under 20 dB AWGN. Adaptive Feedback Control showed superior decryption precision with lower MSEU and higher PSNR, confirming its effectiveness under noisy environments.
PLC Implementation and Dynamics of a V/Heart-Shape Chaotic System Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein, Fadhil Rahma Tahir, Hamzah Abdulkareem Abbood, Mazin Majid Abdulnabi, Viet-Thanh Pham Dynamics, 2025 This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics behavior and practical realization of a V/Heart-shape chaotic system. Nonlinear analysis contemporary tools, including bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, power spectral density (PSD) bicoherence, and spectral entropy (SE), are employed to investigate the system’s complex dynamical behaviors. To discover the system’s versatility, two case studies are presented by varying key system parameters, revealing various strange attractors. The system is modeled and implemented using an industrial-grade programmable logic controller (PLC) with structured text (ST) language, enabling robust hardware execution. The dynamics of the chaotic system are simulated, and the results are rigorously compared with experimental data from laboratory hardware implementations, demonstrating excellent agreement. The results indicate the potential usage of the proposed chaotic system for advanced industrial applications, secure communication, and dynamic system analysis. The findings confirm the successful realization of the V-shape and Heart-shape Chaotic Systems on PLC hardware, demonstrating consistent chaotic behavior across varying parameters. This practical implementation bridges the gap between theoretical chaos research and real-world industrial applications.
Chameleon Chaotic System-Based Audio Encryption Algorithm and FPGA Implementation Alaa Shumran, Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2025 Audio encryption has gained popularity in a variety of fields including education, banking over the phone, military, and private audio conferences. Data encryption algorithms are necessary for processing and sending sensitive information in the context of secure speech conversations. In recent years, the importance of security in any communications system has increased. To transfer data securely, a variety of methods have been used. Chaotic system-based encryption is one of the most significant encryption methods used in the field of security. Chaos-based communication is a promising application of chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics. In this research, a chaotic algorithm for the new chaotic chameleon system was proposed, studied, and implemented. The chameleon chaotic system has been preferred to be employed because it has the property of changing from self-excited (SA) to hidden-attractor (HA) which increases the complexity of the system dynamics and gives strength to the encryption algorithm. A chaotic chameleon system is one in which, depending on the parameter values, the chaotic attractor alternates between being a hidden attractor and a self-excited attractor. This is an important feature, so it is preferable to use it in cryptography compared to other types of chaotic systems. This model was first implemented using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), which is the first time it has been implemented in practical applications. The chameleon system model was implemented using MATLAB Simulink and the Xilinx System Generator model. Self-excited, hidden, and coexisting attractors are shown in the proposed system. Vivado software was used to validate the designs, and Xilinx ZedBoard Zynq-7000 FPGA was used to implement them. The dynamic behavior of the proposed chaotic system was also studied and analysis methods, including phase portrait, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. Assessing the quality of the suggested method by doing analyses of many quality measures, including correlation, differential signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), entropy, histogram analysis, and spectral density plot. The numerical analyses and simulation results demonstrate how well the suggested method performs in terms of security against different types of cryptographic assaults.
Design and FPGA Implementation of a Hyper-Chaotic System for Real-time Secure Image Transmission Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein, Fadhil Rahma Tahir, Ghaida A. Al-Suhail Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2025 Recently, chaos theory has been widely used in multimedia and digital communications due to its unique properties that can enhance security, data compression, and signal processing. It plays a significant role in securing digital images and protecting sensitive visual information from unauthorized access, tampering, and interception. In this regard, chaotic signals are used in image encryption to empower the security; that's because chaotic systems are characterized by their sensitivity to initial conditions, and their unpredictable and seemingly random behavior. In particular, hyper-chaotic systems involve multiple chaotic systems interacting with each other. These systems can introduce more randomness and complexity, leading to stronger encryption techniques. In this paper, Hyper-chaotic Lorenz system is considered to design robust image encryption/ decryption system based on master-slave synchronization. Firstly, the rich dynamic characteristics of this system is studied using analytical and numerical nonlinear analysis tools. Next, the image secure system has been implemented through Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) Zedboard Zynq xc7z020-1clg484 to verify the image encryption/decryption directly on programmable hardware Kit. Numerical simulations, hardware implementation, and cryptanalysis tools are conducted to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system.
FPGA Implementation of Synergetic Controller-Based MPPT Algorithm for a Standalone PV System Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein, Fadhil Rahma Tahir, Viet-Thanh Pham Computation, 2025 Photovoltaic (PV) energy is gaining traction due to its direct conversion of sunlight to electricity without harming the environment. It is simple to install, adaptable in size, and has low operational costs. The power output of PV modules varies with solar radiation and cell temperature. To optimize system efficiency, it is crucial to track the PV array’s maximum power point. This paper presents a novel fixed-point FPGA design of a nonlinear maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller based on synergetic control theory for driving autonomously standalone photovoltaic systems. The proposed solution addresses the chattering issue associated with the sliding mode controller by introducing a new strategy that generates a continuous control law rather than a switching term. Because it requires a lower sample rate when switching to the invariant manifold, its controlled switching frequency makes it better suited for digital applications. The suggested algorithm is first emulated to evaluate its performance, robustness, and efficacy under a standard benchmarked MPPT efficiency (ηMPPT) calculation regime. FPGA has been used for its capability to handle high-speed control tasks more efficiently than traditional micro-controller-based systems. The high-speed response is critical for applications where rapid adaptation to changing conditions, such as fluctuating solar irradiance and temperature levels, is necessary. To validate the effectiveness of the implemented synergetic controller, the system responses under variant meteorological conditions have been analyzed. The results reveal that the synergetic control algorithm provides smooth and precise MPPT.
Study of Chaotic-based Audio Encryption Algorithms: A Review Alaa Shumran, Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2024 Nowadays, multimedia communication has become very widespread and this requires it to be protected from attackers and transmitted securely for reliability. Encryption and decryption techniques are useful in providing effective security for speech signals to ensure that these signals are transmitted with secure data and prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Due to the rapid improvement in digital communications over the recent period up to the present, the security of voice data transmitted over various networks has been classified as a favored field of study in earlier years. The contributions to audio encryption are discussed in this review. This Comprehensive review mainly focuses on presenting several kinds of methods for audio encryption and decryption the analysis of these methods with their advantages and disadvantages have been investigated thoroughly. It will be classified into encryption based on traditional methods and encryption based on advanced chaotic systems. They are divided into two types, continuous-time system, and discrete-time system, and also classified based on the synchronization method and the implementation method. In the fields of information and communications security, system designers face many challenges in both cost, performance, and architecture design, Field Programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide an excellent balance between computational power and processing flexibility. In addition, encryption methods will be classified based on Chaos-based Pseudo Random Bit Generator, Fractional-order systems, and hybrid chaotic generator systems, which is an advantageous point for this review compared with previous ones. Audio algorithms are presented, discussed, and compared, highlighting important advantages and disadvantages. Audio signals have a large volume and a strong correlation between data samples. Therefore, if traditional cryptography systems are used to encrypt such huge data, they gain significant overhead. Standard symmetric encryption systems also have a small key-space, which makes them vulnerable to attacks. On the other hand, encryption by asymmetric algorithms is not ideal due to low processing speed and complexity. Therefore, great importance has been given to using chaotic theory to encode audio files. Therefore, when proposing an appropriate encryption method to ensure a high degree of security, the key space, which is the critical part of every encryption system, and the key sensitivity must be taken into account. The key sensitivity is related to the initial values and control variables of the chaotic system chosen as the audio encryption algorithm. In addition, the proposed algorithm should eliminate the problems of periodic windows, such as limited chaotic range and non-uniform distribution, and the quality of the recovered audio signal remains good, which confirms the convenience, reliability, and high security.
Dynamical Analysis of a 3D Fractional-Order Chaotic System for High-Security Communication and its Electronic Circuit Implementation Girma Adam Beyene, Fahdil Rahma, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein, Salah Boulaaras Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, 2023 This article, a 3D fractional-order chaotic system (FOCS) is designed; system holds Equilibria can take on various shapes and forms by introducing a nonlinear function and the value of its parameters. To comprehend the system’s behavior under diverse conditions and parameter values, a dynamical analysis is conducted through analytical and numerical means. This analysis employs techniques like phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents (LEs), bifurcation analysis, and Lyapunov spectra. The system demonstrates attractors that are more intricate compared to a regular chaotic system with an integer value, specifically if we set the fractional order q to 0.97. This characteristic makes it highly appropriate for developing secure communication systems. Moreover, a practical implementation has been developed using an electronic circuit to showcase its feasibility of the system. A secure communication system was built using two levels of encryption techniques. The propose sound encryption algorithm is verified through tests like histogram, correlation, and spectrogram investigation. The encryption correlation coefficient between the original signal and the encrypted one is 0.0010, this result shows a strong defences against pirate attacks.
Quenching chaos in a power system using fixed-time fractional-order sliding mode controller Abdul-basset A. AL-HUSSEİN, Fadhil RAHMA TAHİR Journal of Energy Systems, 2023 The aim of this paper is to study the unwanted chaotic oscillation that can severely affect the reliable and safe operation of electrical power systems. The dynamical behavior of a benchmark three-bus nonlinear electrical power system model is explored using modern nonlinear analysis methods, where the Lyapunov exponents spectrum, bifurcation diagram, power spectral density and bicoherence are used to investigate the chaotic oscillation in the power system. The analysis shows the existence of critical parameter values that may drive the power system to an unstable region and can expose the system to bus voltage collapse and angle divergence or blackout. To eliminate the chaotic oscillation, a fractional-order fixed time sliding mode controller has been used to control the power system in a finite time that can be predetermined by the designer. The Lyapunov theorem has been used to prove the stability of the controlled power system. The results confirm the superiority, robustness, and effectiveness of the suggested control algorithm.
Chaos in Cancer Tumor Growth Model with Commensurate and Incommensurate Fractional-Order Derivatives Nadjette Debbouche, Adel Ouannas, Giuseppe Grassi, Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein, Fadhil Rahma Tahir, et al. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022 Analyzing the dynamics of tumor-immune systems can play an important role in the fight against cancer, since it can foster the development of more effective medical treatments. This paper was aimed at making a contribution to the study of tumor-immune dynamics by presenting a new model of cancer growth based on fractional-order differential equations. By investigating the system dynamics, the manuscript highlights the chaotic behaviors of the proposed cancer model for both the commensurate and the incommensurate cases. Bifurcation diagrams, the Lyapunov exponents, and phase plots confirm the effectiveness of the conceived approach. Finally, some considerations regarding the biological meaning of the obtained results are reported through the manuscript.
Chaos Phenomenon in Power Systems: A Review Abdul-Basset Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2021 This review article puts forward the phenomena of chaotic oscillation in electrical power systems. The aim is to present some short summaries written by distinguished researchers in the field of chaotic oscillation in power systems. The reviewed papers are classified according to the phenomena that cause the chaotic oscillations in electrical power systems. Modern electrical power systems are evolving day by day from small networks toward large-scale grids. Electrical power systems are constituted of multiple inter-linked together elements, such as synchronous generators, transformers, transmission lines, linear and nonlinear loads, and many other devices. Most of these components are inherently nonlinear in nature rendering the whole electrical power system as a complex nonlinear network. Nonlinear systems can evolve very complex dynamics such as static and dynamic bifurcations and may also behave chaotically. Chaos in electrical power systems is very unwanted as it can drive system bus voltage to instability and can lead to voltage collapse and ultimately cause a general blackout.
A New Time Delay Model For Glucose-Insulin Regulatory Chaotic System ABA Al-Hussein, F Rahma, L Fortuna, A Buscarino, M Frasca Blood, 3 , 2035 2035
FPGA Implementation of a Secure Audio Encryption System Based on Chameleon Chaotic Algorithm A Shumran, ABA Al-Hussein, VT Pham Dynamics 6 (1), 9 , 2026 2026
PLC Implementation and Dynamics of a V/Heart-Shape Chaotic System ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, HA Abbood, MM Abdulnabi, VT Pham Dynamics 5 (4), 40 , 2025 2025
Design and FPGA implementation of a hyper-chaotic system for real-time secure image transmission ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, GA Al-Suhail Iraqi J. Electr. Electron. Eng 21, 55-68 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
FPGA Implementation of synergetic controller-based MPPT algorithm for a standalone PV system ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, VT Pham Computation 13 (3), 64 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Chameleon chaotic system-based audio encryption algorithm and FPGA implementation A Shumran, ABA Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21 (1), 232-250 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Study of Chaotic-based Audio Encryption Algorithms: A Review A Shumran, AB A. Al-Hussein IRAQI JOURNAL FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING (IJEEE) 20 (2) , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Dynamical analysis of a 3D fractional-order chaotic system for high-security communication and its electronic circuit implementation GA Beyene, F Rahma, K Rajagopal, ABA Al-Hussein, S Boulaaras Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 30 (4), 1375-1391 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Plc implementation of a new chaotic chameleon system AHA Abdul-Basset, TR Fadhil, A Hamzah, A Girma, R Karthikeyan IEICE Proceedings Series 76 (B2L-41) , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Quenching chaos in a power system using fixed-time fractional-order sliding mode controller A Abdul-basset, FR Tahir Journal of Energy Systems 7 (3), 244-256 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Chaos in Cancer Tumor Growth Model with Commensurate and Incommensurate Fractional‐Order Derivatives N Debbouche, A Ouannas, G Grassi, ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, KM Saad, ... Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (1), 5227503 , 2022 2022 Citations: 50
Chaos phenomenon in power systems: A review ABA Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 17 (2), 219-225 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Chaos suppressing in a three-buses power system using an adaptive synergetic control method ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, A Ouannas, TC Sun, H Jahanshahi, AA Aly Electronics 10 (13), 1532 , 2021 2021 Citations: 29
Chaos elimination in power system using synergetic control theory ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, O Boubaker 2021 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD … , 2021 2021 Citations: 10
Fixed-time synergetic control for chaos suppression in endocrine glucose–insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, VT Pham Control Engineering Practice 108, 104723 , 2021 2021 Citations: 30
Research Article Chaotic Power System Stabilization Based on Novel Incommensurate Fractional-Order Linear Augmentation Controller ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, K Rajagopal 2021
Chaotic Power System Stabilization Based on Novel Incommensurate Fractional‐Order Linear Augmentation Controller ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, K Rajagopal Complexity 2021 (1), 3334609 , 2021 2021 Citations: 9
A new time-delay model for chaotic glucose-insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, F Rahma, L Fortuna, M Bucolo, M Frasca, A Buscarino International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30 (12), 2050178 , 2020 2020 Citations: 10
Hopf bifurcation and chaos in time-delay model of glucose-insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, F Rahma, S Jafari Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 137, 109845 , 2020 2020 Citations: 37
Optimal Learning Controller Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization: Applied to CSI System KM Omran, ABA Al-Hussein, BH Jassim Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 16 (1), 104-112 , 2020 2020
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Chaos in Cancer Tumor Growth Model with Commensurate and Incommensurate Fractional‐Order Derivatives N Debbouche, A Ouannas, G Grassi, ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, KM Saad, ... Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (1), 5227503 , 2022 2022 Citations: 50
Hopf bifurcation and chaos in time-delay model of glucose-insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, F Rahma, S Jafari Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 137, 109845 , 2020 2020 Citations: 37
Fixed-time synergetic control for chaos suppression in endocrine glucose–insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, VT Pham Control Engineering Practice 108, 104723 , 2021 2021 Citations: 30
Chaos suppressing in a three-buses power system using an adaptive synergetic control method ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, A Ouannas, TC Sun, H Jahanshahi, AA Aly Electronics 10 (13), 1532 , 2021 2021 Citations: 29
Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 ongoing epidemic in Iraq ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir Bull. World Heal. Organ , 2020 2020 Citations: 21
Chaos phenomenon in power systems: A review ABA Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 17 (2), 219-225 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Dynamical analysis of a 3D fractional-order chaotic system for high-security communication and its electronic circuit implementation GA Beyene, F Rahma, K Rajagopal, ABA Al-Hussein, S Boulaaras Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 30 (4), 1375-1391 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Chaos elimination in power system using synergetic control theory ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, O Boubaker 2021 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD … , 2021 2021 Citations: 10
A new time-delay model for chaotic glucose-insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, F Rahma, L Fortuna, M Bucolo, M Frasca, A Buscarino International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30 (12), 2050178 , 2020 2020 Citations: 10
Chaotic Power System Stabilization Based on Novel Incommensurate Fractional‐Order Linear Augmentation Controller ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, K Rajagopal Complexity 2021 (1), 3334609 , 2021 2021 Citations: 9
FPGA Implementation of synergetic controller-based MPPT algorithm for a standalone PV system ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, VT Pham Computation 13 (3), 64 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Design and FPGA implementation of a hyper-chaotic system for real-time secure image transmission ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir, GA Al-Suhail Iraqi J. Electr. Electron. Eng 21, 55-68 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Combined neural network and PD adaptive tracking controller for ship steering system AB Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering 13 (1), 59-66 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
Study of Chaotic-based Audio Encryption Algorithms: A Review A Shumran, AB A. Al-Hussein IRAQI JOURNAL FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING (IJEEE) 20 (2) , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Neural Network-Based Adaptive Control of Robotic Manipulator: Application to a Three Links Cylindrical Robot ABA AL-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13 (1), 114-122 , 2017 2017 Citations: 4
Chameleon chaotic system-based audio encryption algorithm and FPGA implementation A Shumran, ABA Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21 (1), 232-250 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Quenching chaos in a power system using fixed-time fractional-order sliding mode controller A Abdul-basset, FR Tahir Journal of Energy Systems 7 (3), 244-256 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
A new model for endocrine glucose-insulin regulatory system ABA Al-Hussein, FR Tahir Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 16 (1), 1-8 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3
Plc implementation of a new chaotic chameleon system AHA Abdul-Basset, TR Fadhil, A Hamzah, A Girma, R Karthikeyan IEICE Proceedings Series 76 (B2L-41) , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Hover control for helicopter using neural network-based model reference adaptive controller ABA Al-Hussein Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13 (1), 67-72 , 2017 2017 Citations: 1
