Fuel Specifications of Aqueous Ethanol-Butanol-Gasoline in Stable Emulsio Hanny F. Sangian, Letia R. Benaino, Gerald H. Tamuntuan, Guntur Pasau, Messiah C. Sangian, Henry F. Aritonang, Silvya Yusnica Agnesty, Tun Sriana, Ripal A. Setiawan, Nina M. Kusumaningrum, Arief Widjaja, Bayu Achil Sadjab, Tri Oldy Rotinsulu Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2026 This study investigates the fuel properties of ethanol-butanol-gasoline emulsions prepared with varying ethanol concentrations (80, 90, and 96%) to develop stable and efficient alternative fuels. Key parameters evaluated include the research octane number (RON), Reid vapor pressure (RVP), fuel density, specific gravity (SG), distillation characteristics, and copper strip corrosion resistance, with an emphasis on stability and performance at temperatures between 15 and 30 °C. The results indicate that these fuel blends exhibit high octane ratings, with RON values ranging from 91.8 to 94.1, demonstrating strong anti-knock characteristics suitable for high-performance engines. The RVP increases from 41 to 50 kPa as ethanol content rises, supporting stability under diverse environmental conditions. Fuel density decreases from 0.798 to 0.759 g cm-3, while SG ranges from 0.770 to 0.715, reflecting the influence of ethanol content on fuel mass and volume. Copper strip corrosion tests conducted in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM D130 standards confirmed that all blends are non-corrosive, achieving a “Class 1” corrosion rating and ensuring compatibility with engines containing copper or other metallic components. Distillation tests revealed initial boiling points (IBP) between 41 and 45 °C and final boiling points (FBP) from 122 to 177 °C. Overall, these findings suggest that ethanol-butanol-gasoline emulsions offer notable benefits for enhancing engine performance, reducing emissions, and improving fuel stability.
Determination of the Compositions of Gasoline, Aqueous Ethanol, and Butanol, in Stable Emulsions at Low Temperatures Hanny Frans Sangian Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2025 This study aims to identify and examine the compositions of stable emulsions of gasoline (RON 90), aqueous ethanol, and butanol at low temperatures to improve fuel stability in cold environments. The blending process involved combining gasoline and ethanol in different ratios, followed by the gradual addition of butanol to stabilize the emulsion without using synthetic surfactants. Emulsion stability was evaluated by varying the temperature from 29.0°C to -17.0°C and observing phase separation. The analysis centered on the volumetric composition and stability of the emulsions over time and across different temperatures. The compositions were documented and the changes in stability were analyzed to understand the effects of temperature and component ratios. The results indicated that at lower temperatures, the volume percentages of gasoline and ethanol in the emulsion decreased, while the percentage of butanol increased. At -17.0°C, the emulsion composition was 33.68% gasoline, 18.13% aqueous ethanol, and 48.19% butanol, highlighting butanol's key role in maintaining stability at low temperatures. These findings suggest that stable emulsions of gasoline, ethanol, and butanol can be achieved at low temperatures, potentially enhancing the performance and reliability of biofuel blends in cold climates. This could contribute to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly fuel options for automotive and other combustion engines.
IDENTIFYING OF THE COMPOSITIONS OF THE BLENDED FUELS OF THE BUTANOL, GASOLINE, AND WATER STABILIZED AT LOW TEMPERATURES Hanny Frans Sangian, Dini Lestari, Guntur Pasau, Gerald H. Tamuntuan, Arief Widjaja, Ronny Purwadi, Silvya Yusnica Agnesty, Bayu Sadjab, Messiah Charity Sangian, Ramli Thahir Eastern European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2023 The work was purposed to identify the compositions the blended fuel of butanol, gasoline, and water forming the stable emulsions at low temperatures. The previous researches reported that the blending of butanol and gasoline generally employed the synthetic surfactants which were expensive and mixed at room temperatures. It is important to analyze the stability of the substances in the wide range of temperature for it alter significantly on the surface of the planet. The references survey revealed that the works of the compositions of the wet butanol and gasoline at low temperatures are yet published. The present work was successful to blend the butanol, gasoline, and water in stable emulsion without using the surfactant and stabilized in the less of room temperature. Compositions of butanol, gasoline (RONs 90), and water emulsified and stabilized at low temperatures without synthetic surfactants were successfully studied. It was found that aqueous butanol and gasoline formed a stable emulsion at low temperatures and discovered the phase was separated if temperature declined. The compositions of pure butanol, gasoline, and water recorded in stable emulsions using butanol 85.00 % ranged from 75.08–79.24 %, 6.77–11.67 %, and 13.25–13.98 %, respectively, blended at temperatures 0.00–29.70 °C. The usage of butanol 99.50 % caused the change of compositions recorded at 0.71–11.34 %, 88.61–99.29 %, and 0.00–0.06 % blended at 0.00–29.00 °C. It was discovered that the increase of butanol percentage of the fuel after the emulsion was stable tended to the emulsion kept one phase. The emulsion fuels found would be applied to the heat-modified engines operating in wide range temperatures which were below room temperature
Study of Aqueous Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Prepared by Near-Isochoric Sub Critical Trans-Esterification Hanny F. Sangian, Meiga P. Paendong, Joshua R. Rombang, Jil A. Lametige, Guntur Pasau, Maria Bobanto, Ronny Purwadi, Ramli Thahir, Bayu Achil Sadjab, Vecky A. J. Masinambow, Tun Sriana, Zami Furqon, Silvya Y. Agnesty, Arief Widjaja Wseas Transactions on Environment and Development, 2022 This work aims at preparing the blended fuels in a stable emulsion in which the biodiesel was obtained from palm oil with applying the near isochoric subcritical trans-esterification. The work procedures are the following: the preparation chemicals needed; the synthesis of the biodiesel; POME (palm oil methyl ester) analysis; the blending process of the aqueous ethanol-biodiesel (Aq.Et-BD) and ethanol-diesel-biodiesel (Aq.Et-BD-D) whereby they formed in a stable emulsion. It was obtained that the compositions of water, ethanol, and biodiesel using ethanol 94-97% were ranged from 0.69-1.60, 10.74-38.40, and 69.57-88.57%. By employing ethanol with concentration 94-95%, the emulsion appeared many droplets distributed throughout the substance. It was observed by increasing biodiesel composition after a stable emulsion attained the phase did not change. After emulsions blended, the work was proceeded with the measurement of the fuel parameters such as density, SG, API, RPV, flash and pour points, cetane number, and distillation properties.
Study of the composition, fuel parameter and triangular graph of a gasoline and aqueous ethanol fuel blend in a single phase Hanny F. Sangian, Anita R. Ibrahim, Handy I. R. Mosey, Joshua R. Rombang, Adey Tanauma, Guntur Pasau, Seni H. Tongkukut, Fingken Sagai, Ronny Purwadi, Godlief F. Neonufa, Johnly A. Rorong, Arief Widjaja, Abubakar Tuhuloula, Ramli Thahir, Bayu Achil Sadjab, Vecky A. J. Masinambow, Tun Sriana, Zami Furqon, Silvya Y. Agnesty Revista De Chimie, 2020 This study investigates the composition and fuel parameters of a fuel blend of aqueous ethanol and gasoline, with RONs (Research Octane Numbers) of 90 and 92, called pertalite and pertamax in Indonesia, respectively. The emulsion fuel blend of gasoline and ethanol was prepared successfully, and the concentrations ranged from 80 to 98% (v/v). The steps employed in this work are as follows: first, the fermentation of sugar tapped from a palm tree (Arenga pinnata). The obtained liquor containing ethanol was distilled using a reflux still to separate ethanol and water. The purity of the ethanol obtained from the reflux process ranged from 80 to 96%, depending on the column temperature set. Ethanol solutions of 97 and 98% purities were obtained through an absorption method employing lime particles. Subsequently, aqueous ethanol was blended with gasoline manually inside a flask. It was discovered that the minimum ethanol concentration, which could be blended with pertalite to form a single-phase substance, was 80%. By using 80% ethanol in the blending process, the composition ratio of pertalite, pure ethanol, and water was recorded as 1:11.65:2.91 (in volume unit), while this was not the case with pertamax. The minimum ethanol concentration that could be blended with pertamax to form a single-phase emulsion was 88%, with a composition ratio of 1:5.91:0.81. The composition proportions of the three components with 96% ethanol were 1:0.27:0.01 (RON 90) and 1:0.41:0.02 (RON 92). It was observed that the higher the ethanol concentration, the less the amount of ethanol required for the blending process with gasoline to form a single-phase emulsion.
A comparative study of the structures, crystallinities, miller indices, crystal parameters, and particle sizes of microwave- and saline water-treated cassava starch Hanny F. Sangian, Irfan Aruan, Gerald Tamuntuan, Maria Daurina Bobanto, Bayu Achil Sadjab, et al. Bioresources, 2019 The structures, crystallinities, Miller indices, and particle sizes of cassava treated with microwave radiation or saline water were analysed and compared. Cassava was milled to sizes of 100 to 120 mesh and then dried under solar radiation for several days. The first set of substrates was treated by microwave radiation at 300 W for 10, 20, or 30 min or at 1000 W for 8 min. The second set of substrates was immersed in saline water for 5 days at salt concentrations of 3.43% or 10% (w/w). The treated substrates were characterised by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, and the results were compared with the characteristics of the native substrate. There were significant differences in the characteristics of the microwave- and saline water-treated cassava. Crystallinities of the microwave-treated substrates were lower than those of the saline water-treated samples. A large shift (change in 2θ) in the diffraction peaks was observed for the treated substrates as compared with the native substrate. Examination of the surface morphology suggested that saline water enabled the dissolution and elimination of the undesirable fibres in the substrate; this was not observed for the microwave-treated substrate.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
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Determination of the Compositions of Gasoline, Aqueous Ethanol, and Butanol, in Stable Emulsions at Low Temperatures HF Sangian, LR Benaino, G Pasau, MC Sangian, HF Aritonang, ... Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 68 (7), 185-194 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
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DISASTER RESILIENCE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION THROUGH CONCRETE CASTING METHODS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE USE OF STRONG COLUMNS AND WEAK BEAMS K Prianto, HSY Pratama, BA Sadjab, EK Palupi Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan … , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
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Fuel Specifications of Aqueous Ethanol-Butanol-Gasoline in Stable Emulsion HF Sangian, LR Benaino, GH Tamuntuan, G Pasau, MC Sangian, ... Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 37, e-20260026 , 2026 2026
Evaluating surface water and groundwater quality parameters in the Karst Mining Zone, Gunungkidul for environmental risk mitigation YZ Sanadha, H Anwar, FM Jasin, BA Sadjab Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research 11 (2), 174-182 , 2025 2025
Crystal structure behaviour of iron sand (Magnetite/Fe 3 O 4 ) extracted using mechanical alloying method (grinding time variation) K Kurnia, NH Siregar, MT Tuny, B Kurniawan, J Utomo, BA Sadjab AIP Conference Proceedings 2774 (1), 030004 , 2024 2024
