A mechanical and microstructural investigation of friction stir processed AZ31B Mg alloy-SiC composites Kanif Markad, Ravindra Parkhe, Kishan Fuse, Badheka Vishvesh Curved and Layered Structures, 2025 Friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as an effective technique for enhancing the mechanical and microstructural properties of metal matrix composites. This study investigates the influence of FSP parameters on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of AZ31B magnesium alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particles of size APS < 80 nm. The method employed here is a hole method for reinforcement and designed with an L9 orthogonal array to analyze the effects of tool geometry, rotational speed, traverse speed, and hole diameter. The experimental findings indicate that a cylindrical threaded tool pin profile, a 0.8-mm hole diameter, a rotational speed of 765 revolutions per minute, and a traverse speed of 31.5 mm/min resulted in the most optimal combination of mechanical properties, including improved tensile strength, micro-hardness, and elongation. Microstructural analysis revealed a uniform distribution of SiC particles, leading to grain refinement and enhanced material performance. These results demonstrate that FSP is a sustainable approach for fabricating high-performance magnesium-based composites, making them suitable for applications in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries.
Novel Technique to Measure Shape Memory Behavior of 4D Material Nilesh Tiwari, Kanif M. Markad Additive Manufacturing with Novel Materials Processes Properties and Applications, 2024 By using three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning and reverse engineering (RE), it is possible to predict how smart structures made with additive manufacturing will change shape. Through the use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing, a temperature-responsive smart material known as polylactic acid (PLA) can be used to create prototypes with a variety of geometric and functional properties. As a first step in validating the estimation of shape memory behavior, rectangular samples are developed, printed, scanned, and regenerated by RE. The results of the shape memory analyses agree very closely with those of the earlier studies, providing support for the strategy that should be used with more complex geometries. The procedure is then applied to the 3D paraboloid surface to generate surfaces for each of the stages of the cycle. Accurate measurements allowed for the successful, quick repair of all surfaces, which would have taken a long time or involved very complex methods with traditional measurement approaches. The paraboloid surfaces’ shape recovery and shape fixity correspond to the figures derived for the reference samples. The impact of stresses that are imposed during the programming stage and then released during the recovery stage above PLA's glass transition temperature is also estimated using RE models.
Shape Memory Polymer Composites: Characterization and Modeling Nilesh Tiwari, Kanif M. Markad Shape Memory Polymer Composites Characterization and Modeling, 2023 Shape Memory Polymer Composites discusses the fabrication of smart polymer composites with their material characterization. It covers shape memory polymer composites with two different types of reinforcement: shape memory polymer nanocomposites and shape memory hybrid composites. Enhancing the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the shape memory polymers makes them an important class of materials for new age applications ranging from aerospace, biomedical, electronics, to marine engineering. The book discusses how shape memory polymer composites exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, as compared to its corresponding shape memory polymers, without compromising the shape memory behavior. It presents experimental case studies of polymers, polymer composites, and multiphase composites, explaining the effects of each reinforcement on the material properties with corresponding simulation. The book will be a useful reference for industry professionals and researchers involved with the mechanics of shape memory materials.
Deflection and stress analysis of piezoelectric laminated composite plate under variable polynomial transverse loading Kanif M. Markad, Vivek Das, Achchhe Lal Aip Advances, 2022 Among many smart materials, piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most studied ones for practical applications. They owe their success to several factors, including low price, high bandwidth, availability in various formats, and ease of handling and implementation. The present study focused on the performance of piezoelectric laminated composite plate under various electromechanical loading conditions by utilizing the first-order shear deformation theory with the Newton–Raphson residual and iteration with Gauss integration point in Ansys. For the first time, the effects of electrical loading, circuit arrangement, voltage variation, and polynomial variable transverse loading are studied over piezoelectric composite plate (PCP). The effects of plate aspect ratio, thickness ratio, boundary conditions, ply orientations, nature of loading conditions, and voltage variation are presented. The study also utilized open and close circuit arrangements as sensors and actuators to gauge the performance of PCP in the form of static bending analysis. The maximum OC (open circuit) output voltage is generated with the N4 type of loading compared with Ni (i = 1–4); on the other hand, the OC output voltage is minimum with N5. The combined effect of external load and voltage presented in the study will be useful for analyzing the deflection variation, and it can further be implemented in reducing deflection or vibration. It is noted that, with a higher piezoelectric to laminate thickness (t/h) ratio, the maximum OC output voltage is observed. In addition, the rate of voltage generation observed is the highest under the N4 loading condition and the lowest under the N5 type of load.
Synthesis of the multiphase shape memory hybrid composites hybridized with functionalized MWCNT to improve mechanical and interfacial properties Kanif Markad, Achchhe Lal Polymer Plastics Technology and Materials, 2022 This paper presents the effect of carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2)-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (fMWCNT)-modified shape memory polymer carbon fiber-reinforced hybrid nanocomposites (SMPHC) on mechanical and interfacial properties. The fabrication process includes preparation of the SMPHC by magnetic stirring, shear mixing, ultrasonication, and subsequent molding by the hand layup method. Samples of SMPHC fabricated with different weight fractions of fMWCNT into a matrix were cured and cut into the required size to perform mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory characterization as per the ASTM standard. Using FTIR, traces of amino and carboxyl fMWCNT were confirmed. The rise in tensile modulus and tensile strength were noticed of SMPHC with 0.4 and 0.6 wt.% fMWCNT as compared to pristine CFRP and pure MWCNT. Thermomechanical properties of SMPHC were investigated through DMA from 30°C to 150°C to evaluate the effect of the variation of fMWCNT in the modified SMP matrix. FE-SEM images of tensile test-fractured samples show the nature of dispersion and interface formed into epoxy resin with different weight fractions of fMWCNT. Along with this, investigated the shape memory recovery bending angle of SMPHC for different weight fractions of fMWCNT. However, recovery in the shape for all configurations of SMPHC was not compromised, which remained almost unchanged at 96%.
