Complex-valued convolutional neural networks for disease detection utilizing digital holographic wavefronts Ubaid Dar, Assif Assad, Muzafar Rasool, Farooq Hussain, Shabir Ahmad, Mandeep Singh Journal of Optics United Kingdom, 2026 Phase carries crucial morphological and compositional information and is central to many optical imaging modalities. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM), interferometric technique, captures the complex object field of a specimen, containing both phase and amplitude. Conventional deep learning networks process complex data as paired real channels, neglecting intrinsic phase–amplitude coupling. In this reported work, we introduce complex-valued convolutional neural networks (CV-CNNs) for binary classification of normal and cancerous cervical cells using the DHM complex object field. Four CV-CNN variants (ModReLU, CReLU, Cardioid, zReLU) were evaluated via five-fold cross-validation against an equivalent real-valued CNN. The ModReLU CV-CNN achieved the highest performance (Accuracy = 0.89 ± 0.03, F1 = 0.89 ± 0.04, Precision = 0.89 ± 0.04, Recall = 0.89 ± 0.05, AUC = 0.96 ± 0.02), demonstrating that phase-aware complex convolution significantly enhances the classification performance. By eliminating phase unwrapping, it also reduces associated computational cost and ambiguity. The methodology is also applicable to other phase-sensitive imaging modalities.
Exploring feature generation and engineering techniques for machine learning prediction of ferromagnetic Curie temperatures in perovskites Majid Shabir Najar, Muzafar Rasool Bhat, Assif Assad, Ghazala Anjum, Mandeep Singh, Farooq Husain Bhat Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2025 Rapid estimation of Curie temperature is essential for discovering advanced functional materials like ABO 3 -type ferromagnetic perovskites used in spintronics, sensors, and multiferroics. This study applies machine learning (ML) to predict Curie temperatures directly from chemical formulae, eliminating the need for computationally intensive simulations. A manually curated dataset of 300 perovskites with known Curie temperatures is used. Features are generated by separately considering A-site and B-site cation properties and also by treating the compound as a whole. Three strategies, feature selection, recursive elimination, and principal component analysis are employed for feature engineering. Multiple models are trained and evaluated using cross-validation, with coefficient of determination R 2 as the performance metric. Shapley Additive Explanations highlights mean absolute deviation of A-site ground state volume and B-site space-group number as key factors influencing Curie temperature. The best model achieves an R 2 of 0.8 and is applied to predict Curie temperatures for 21,467 ABO 3 compositions, demonstrating the potential of ML in accelerating magnetic materials discovery.
Boosting the electrical properties of nano-structured (Ga10Se90)-MWCNT bilayer thin films Aarif Hussain Wani, Shakeel Ahmad Khandy, Mandeep Singh, Shabir Ahmad Nanoscale Advances, 2025 Selenium-based chalcogenide semiconductors are of growing interest for optoelectronic applications due to their high DC conductivity, photoconductivity, and carrier mobility.
Recent Advances of Guided Mode Resonant Sensors Applied to Cancer Biomarker Detection Pankaj K. Sahoo, Arshad Ahmad Bhat, Mandeep Singh, Kezheng Li Photonics, 2025 Guided mode resonance (GMR)-based sensors have emerged as a promising technology for the early screening of cancer, offering advantages such as sensitivity, specificity, low cost, non-invasiveness, and portability. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in GMR technology and its applications in biosensing, with a specific focus on cancer. The current state of cancer diagnosis and the critical need for point-of-care (POC) devices to address these challenges are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the review systematically explores various strategies employed in GMR-based cancer detection including design principles and the integration of advanced technologies. Additionally, it aims to provide researchers valuable insights for developing GMR sensors capable of detecting cancer biomarkers outside the laboratory environment.
A novel approach in cancer diagnosis: integrating holography microscopic medical imaging and deep learning techniques—challenges and future trends Asifa Nazir, Ahsan Hussain, Mandeep Singh, Assif Assad Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express, 2025 Medical imaging is pivotal in early disease diagnosis, providing essential insights that enable timely and accurate detection of health anomalies. Traditional imaging techniques, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computer Tomography (CT), ultrasound, and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), offer vital insights into three-dimensional structures but frequently fall short of delivering a comprehensive and detailed anatomical analysis, capturing only amplitude details. Three-dimensional holography microscopic medical imaging provides a promising solution by capturing the amplitude (brightness) and phase (structural information) details of biological structures. In this study, we investigate the novel collaborative potential of Deep Learning (DL) and holography microscopic phase imaging for cancer diagnosis. The study comprehensively examines existing literature, analyzes advancements, identifies research gaps, and proposes future research directions in cancer diagnosis through the integrated Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) and DL methodology. This novel approach addresses a critical limitation of traditional imaging by capturing detailed structural information, paving the way for more accurate diagnostics. The proposed approach comprises tissue sample collection, holographic image scanning, preprocessing in case of imbalanced datasets, and training on annotated datasets using DL architectures like U-Net and Vision Transformer(ViT’s). Furthermore, sophisticated concepts in DL, like the incorporation of Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, are suggested for comprehensive disease diagnosis and identification. The study thoroughly investigates the advantages of integrating holography imaging and DL for precise cancer diagnosis. Additionally, meticulous insights are presented by identifying the challenges associated with this integration methodology.
The Magic of Artificial Intelligence-1 Asifa Nazir, Ahsan Hussain, Mandeep Singh, Assif Assad Artificial Intelligence in Human Health and Diseases, 2025
The impact of Zn-doping on the Physical Properties of Nano-Structured Se-Sn-Al Thin Films: A beneficial study for Optoelectronic Device Applications AB Wani, S Ahmad, MH Rasool, M Zulfequar, Y Hameed, M Singh Physica B: Condensed Matter, 418718 , 2026 2026
Focal-AttentionNet: A novel AI-driven framework integrating holographic imaging for head and neck cancer diagnosis A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, D Mishra, V Nayyar, MA Macha, A Assad Signal, Image and Video Processing 20 (4), 211 , 2026 2026
Angle-Tolerant Guided-Mode-Resonance Biosensor for Detection of 3-Nitro-L-Tyrosine Biomarker in Human Breath A Bhat, P Gupta, P Sahoo, M Singh 4th International Conference on Innovation in Engineering & Management … , 2026 2026
Reconstruction Free Classification of Digital Inline Holograms Using Deep Feature Learning U Dar, T Rahman, C Gaur, M Singh 4th International Conference on Innovation in Engineering & Management … , 2026 2026
Complex-valued convolutional neural networks for disease detection utilizing digital holographic wavefronts U Dar, A Assad, M Rasool, F Hussain, S Ahmad, M Singh Journal of Optics 28 (1), 015301 , 2026 2026
Exploring feature generation and engineering techniques for machine learning prediction of ferromagnetic Curie temperatures in perovskites M Shabir Najar, M Rasool Bhat, A Assad, G Anjum, M Singh, ... Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 33 (8), 085005 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
A Novel Attention-Based EfficientNet Framework for Early Detection of Head and Neck Cancer Using Holographic Imaging A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad, M Macha, D Mishra, V Nayyar 3rd International Conference on Artifi cial Intelligence and Sustainable … , 2025 2025
Applications of artificial intelligence and digital holography in biomedical microscopy AU Dar, M Singh, A Assad, MA Macha, MR Bhat International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 1-16 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Guided Mode Resonance Sensor for Cancer Biomarker Detection AA Bhat, M Singh, PK Sahoo Symposium on Interdisciplinary Sciences‑2025 (SIS‑II), NISER Bhubaneswar, 39 , 2025 2025
Applications of artificial intelligence and digital holography in biomedical microscopy A Dar, M Singh, A assad, MA Macha, MR Bhat Springer Nature, International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and … , 2025 2025
Integrating quantitative phase imaging with deep learning for enhanced cervical cancer detection U Dar, A Assad, M Rasool, F Hussain, S Ahmad, M Singh Journal of Optics, 1-15 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Integrating artificial intelligence and holographic imaging for advanced cervical cancer diagnosis A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad Signal, Image and Video Processing (Springer Nature) 19 (542), 1-30 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Deep learning in medicine: advancing healthcare with intelligent solutions and the future of holography imaging in early diagnosis A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad Multimedia Tools and Applications 84 (17), 17677-17740 , 2025 2025 Citations: 91
Recent Advances of Guided Mode Resonant Sensors Applied to Cancer Biomarker Detection KL Pankaj K Sahoo, Arshad Ahmad Bhat, Mandeep Singh Photonics 12 (5), 424 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
A novel approach in cancer diagnosis: integrating holography microscopic medical imaging and deep learning techniques—challenges and future trends A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 11 (2), 022002 , 2025 2025 Citations: 17
Publikacja/Publication Sugarcane Cultivation and Management: Challenges and Opportunities Redaktorzy/Editors LYR Jian-Ming, KK Verma, XP Song, M Singh, WJM Prado RdM, YR Li 2025
Guided Mode Resonance based Biosensing of Jurkat cells AA Bhat, PK Sahoo, M Singh International Conference on Advanced Materials for Health, Energy, and … , 2025 2025
Advancing Cervical Cancer Diagnostics: Integrating Quantitative Phase Imaging with Deep Learning MR U. Dar, Mandeep Singh, A. Assad, F.H.Bhat International Conference on Advanced Materials for Health, Energy, and … , 2025 2025
Estimating Curie Temperature of Ferromagnetic Perovskites Using Machine Learning NM Shabir, FH Bhat, A Assad, MR Bhat, M Singh, G Anjum International Conference on Advanced Materials for Health, Energy, and … , 2025 2025
AVAILABILITY PREDICTION OF K-OUT-OF-N: G FAULT TOLERANT SYSTEM WITH UNRELIABLE SERVER VP SINGH, RK MEENA, M JAIN, M SINGH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 1 (1) , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Deep learning in medicine: advancing healthcare with intelligent solutions and the future of holography imaging in early diagnosis A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad Multimedia Tools and Applications 84 (17), 17677-17740 , 2025 2025 Citations: 91
Accurate efficient carrier estimation for single-shot digital holographic imaging M Singh, K Khare Optics letters 41 (21), 4871-4874 , 2016 2016 Citations: 47
Improvement in process industries by using work study methods: a case study MP Singh, H Yadav Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol 7 (3), 426-436 , 2016 2016 Citations: 39
Single-shot interferogram analysis for accurate reconstruction of step phase objects M Singh, K Khare Journal of the Optical Society of America A 34 (3), 349-355 , 2017 2017 Citations: 31
Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis using deep learning techniques: datasets, challenges, research gaps and future directions A Nazir, A Assad, A Hussain, M Singh International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 1-35 , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
Accurate multipixel phase measurement with classical-light interferometry M Singh, K Khare, AK Jha, S Prabhakar, RP Singh Physical Review A 91 (2), 021802 , 2015 2015 Citations: 23
Single-shot full resolution region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction in image plane digital holographic microscopy M Singh, K Khare Journal of Modern Optics 65 (9), 1127-1134 , 2018 2018 Citations: 21
Losses caused by cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae Linn.) in different Brassica genotypes HR Rohilla, M Singh, UK Kalra, SS Kharub Proc. 7th Int. Rapeseed Congr, 1077-1083 , 1987 1987 Citations: 21
Accurate estimation of the illumination pattern’s orientation and wavelength in sinusoidal structured illumination microscopy M Lahrberg, M Singh, K Khare, BS Ahluwalia Applied optics 57 (5), 1019-1025 , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
A novel approach in cancer diagnosis: integrating holography microscopic medical imaging and deep learning techniques—challenges and future trends A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 11 (2), 022002 , 2025 2025 Citations: 17
Feasibility of lung cancer screening in developing countries: challenges, opportunities and way forward. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2019; 8 (Suppl 1): S106-S121 A Shankar, D Saini, A Dubey, S Roy, SJ Bharati, N Singh, M Khanna, ... doi. org/10.21037/tlcr , 2019 2019 Citations: 12
Single shot interferogram analysis for optical metrology MP Singh, M Singh, K Khare Applied Optics 53 (29), 6713-6718 , 2014 2014 Citations: 10
Recent Advances of Guided Mode Resonant Sensors Applied to Cancer Biomarker Detection KL Pankaj K Sahoo, Arshad Ahmad Bhat, Mandeep Singh Photonics 12 (5), 424 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to explore circular economy readiness in manufacturing MSMEs MP Singh, A Chakraborty, M Roy India. Resources. Conservation and Recycling , 2017 2017 Citations: 6
Applications of artificial intelligence and digital holography in biomedical microscopy AU Dar, M Singh, A Assad, MA Macha, MR Bhat International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 1-16 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Exploring feature generation and engineering techniques for machine learning prediction of ferromagnetic Curie temperatures in perovskites M Shabir Najar, M Rasool Bhat, A Assad, G Anjum, M Singh, ... Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 33 (8), 085005 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Integrating artificial intelligence and holographic imaging for advanced cervical cancer diagnosis A Nazir, A Hussain, M Singh, A Assad Signal, Image and Video Processing (Springer Nature) 19 (542), 1-30 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Integrating quantitative phase imaging with deep learning for enhanced cervical cancer detection U Dar, A Assad, M Rasool, F Hussain, S Ahmad, M Singh Journal of Optics, 1-15 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Ion Beam-Induced modification in the optical properties of the bilayer of nano-structured amorphous selenium and multi-walled carbon Nanotubes: A study by 70 MeV Ni Ions S Ahmad, M Singh, M Zulfequar, J Ali, A Kandasami Materials Letters 371, 136878 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Neuropharmacological Insights into Type 3 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Advances, and Future Directions K Vashisth, JK Sinha, NK Jha, MP Singh, KK Singh, KB Narayanan, ... JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS 38 (5), 3645-3655 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
