Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering, Pollution, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
54
Scopus Publications
3690
Scholar Citations
26
Scholar h-index
38
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Physics of 2D Materials for Developing Smart Devices Neeraj Goel, Rahul Kumar Nano Micro Letters, 2025 Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations. To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices. Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades, systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics. Moreover, the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices. Hence, we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices. We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.
NIR Light-Responsive Ti3C2 MXenes Mediate Controlled Aqueous Degradation and Highly Efficient Photothermal Conversion for Targeted Cancer Phototherapy Rahul Kumar, Imankalyan Nag, Subhrajyoti Mallick, Raviraj Vankayala ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2025 Many cancer types are typically diagnosed in advanced stages and tend to have low survival rates. There are numerous varieties of nanomedicine platforms developed to tackle them. Among them, two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets (NSs) have emerged as a versatile platform, owing to their high surface area enriched with various functional groups, near-infrared (NIR) responsiveness, and superior photothermal characteristics. However, they have poor aqueous stabilities and are prone to degradation, which can severely limit their utility in biomedical applications. This leaves a grand challenge to explore Ti3C2 MXene NS-based platforms for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the first demonstration of a NIR light-responsive Ti3C2 MXene NS-based platform with highly efficient photothermal conversion and controlled degradation in aqueous environments. Additionally, it enables targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to address progressive cancers. The nanoplatform integrates folic acid (FA) moieties, the FDA-approved NIR photosensitizing drug indocyanine green (ICG), curcumin (Cur), and Ti3C2 MXene NSs (FICT NSs). Upon NIR light activation, the FICT nanoplatform is capable of producing both heat and singlet oxygen (1O2) along with the release of the Cur drug to mediate the targeted phototherapy of cancers via inhibiting profound cancer cell migration. Such FICT nanoplatforms also exhibited controlled aqueous degradability, which can greatly enhance their drug release and biocompatibility while minimizing the toxicity. Further, the FICT nanoplatform has demonstrated the targeted photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic capabilities in both in vitro 2D cellular and 3D spheroid models. We foresee that this innovative nanoplatform has considerable potential for future clinical applications.
NIR-Responsive Black Phosphorus Nanosheet-Integrated Niosomes for Combinatorial Chemo-phototherapy of Cancers Rahul Kumar, Shubham Kumar Singh, Rishabh Kumar Srivastava, Subhrajyoti Mallick, Raviraj Vankayala ACS Bio and Med Chem Au, 2025 Cancer remains one of the major challenges in the field of clinical biomedicine. There is a great deal of scope for the development of various innovative therapies. To advance in the field of cancer therapeutics, the research trend has gradually shifted to the development of biocompatible, controlled, and stable carrier systems. To address such issues, herein, we report NIR-responsive black phosphorus (BP) nanosheet-integrated niosomes to mediate chemo-phototherapy of cancers. Niosome-coated black phosphorus nanosheets loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) (NBID) exhibit very high drug loading efficiency (>90%). Upon 808 nm NIR light irradiation, the NBID system initiates combinatorial effects where heat generation induced from BP nanosheets and ICG disrupts the niosomal coating, facilitating the controlled release of ICG and DOX in a pH- and light dual-responsive manner. This combinatorial approach induces DNA damage in cancer cells via DOX and also triggers photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) effects, significantly enhancing tumor eradication. In a 2D cell culture model, the NBID formulation demonstrates excellent cytocompatibility in the dark, effective tumor cell uptake, and tumor cell death, showing potential for further application. To mimic the cancer microenvironment even more closely, the NBID nanoformulation has been tested against the 3D tumor spheroids, where NBID formulation shows tumor uptake and causes cancer cell death. The therapeutic efficacy of the NBID system can be controlled by laser, proving its light-responsive behavior to kill cancer cells in vitro. This integrated approach using NBID as a potent platform for combinatorial cancer therapy offers a promising advancement in achieving a safer, controlled, and stable drug delivery system.
Ultra-Sensitive Chemiresistive Humidity Sensor based on 2D GeS Nanoflakes Deepak Sharma, Rahul Kumar, Neha Sakhuja, Ayan Pal, Navakanta Bhat IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference Strengthening the Globalization in Semiconductors Edtm 2024, 2024 Two-dimensional (2D) materials are of significant interest for gas and humidity sensing due to their high surface area and reaction sites. We investigated 2D germanium monosulfide (GeS) for humidity sensing, synthesized using liquid exfoliation. Extensive characterization confirmed its structural and morphological properties. GeS demonstrated a strong response (%) (0.8 - 1428) to humidity (20 - 80%) with stability and selectivity. Importantly, it showed minimal cross-sensitivity to various gases at room temperature, making it a cost-effective choice for humidity sensors.
Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Carbon Dots Derived from Camel Milk for Mn7+ Sensing and Antiamyloid and Anticancer Activities Rahul Kumar, Antony Vincy, Khushboo Rani, Neha Jain, Sarvar Singh, Ajay Agarwal, Raviraj Vankayala ACS Omega, 2023 Carbon dots (CDs) are promising biocompatible fluorescent nanoparticles mainly used in bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, therapeutics, and various other applications. The utilization of natural sources and green synthetic approaches is resulting in highly biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticles. Herein, we report an unprecedented facile and green synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots derived from camel milk (CM) for sensing manganese (Mn7+) ions and for identifying the anticancer potential and antiamyloid activity against α-synuclein amyloids. α-Synuclein amyloid formation due to protein misfolding (genetic and environmental factors) has gained significant attention due to its association with Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. The as-synthesized CM-CDs possess an average hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 3 to 15 nm and also exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) emission in the blue region. The CM-CDs possess good water dispersibility, stable fluorescence under different physical states, and outstanding photostability. Moreover, the CM-CDs are validated as an efficient sensor for the detection of Mn7+ ions in DI water and in metal ion-polluted tap water. In addition, the CM-CDs have demonstrated a very good quantum yield (QY) of 24.6% and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.58 μM for Mn7+ ions with no incubation time. Consequently, the exceptional properties of CM-CDs make them highly suitable for a diverse array of biomedical applications.
Gas sensing materials roadmap Huaping Wang, Jianmin Ma, Jun Zhang, Yuezhan Feng, Mani Teja Vijjapu, S. Yuvaraja, S. Surya, K. Salama, C. Dong, Yude Wang, Q. Kuang, Z. P. Tshabalala, D. Motaung, Xianghong Liu, Jun-liang Yang, H. Fu, Xiaohong Yang, X. An, Shiqiang Zhou, Baoye Zi, Qing-ju Liu, M. Urso, Bo Zhang, A. Akande, A. Prasad, Chu Manh Hung, Nguyen Van Duy, N. Hoa, Kaidi Wu, Chao Zhang, Rahul Kumar, Mahesh Kumar, Youngjun Kim, Jin Wu, Zixuan Wu, Xing Yang, S. Vanalakar, Jingting Luo, Hao Kan, Min Li, Ho Won Jang, M. Orlandi, A. Mirzaei, Hyoun-woo Kim, S. S. Kim, A. Uddin, Jing Wang, Yi Xia, C. Wongchoosuk, A. Nag, S. Mukhopadhyay, N. Saxena, Pragati Kumar, J. Do, Jong-Ho Lee, Seongbin Hong, Y. Jeong, Gyuweon Jung, Wonjun Shin, Jinwoo Park, M. Bruzzi, Chen Zhu, R. Gerald, Jie Huang Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 2021
Why to dispose, when we can reuse Saint Petersburg 2012 Geosciences Making the Most of the Earth S Resources, 2012
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Physics of 2D Materials for Developing Smart Devices N Goel, R Kumar Nano-Micro Letters 17 (1), 197 , 2025 2025 Citations: 39
Performance analysis of hybrid perovskite solar cells based on different halide ions DK Jarwal, AK Mishra, C Dubey, AK Jangid, K Bhargava, R Kumar, ... Solid State Communications 399, 115863 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Van der Waals heterostructures for advanced infrared photodetection: Innovations in stability and spectral range A Kushwaha, M Raj, R Kumar, N Goel Materials Today Nano 29, 100582 , 2025 2025 Citations: 10
Development of high-performance ultrafast photodetector using CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystal DK Jarwal, N Jingar, M Kulhar, R Kumar, A Bera Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 374, 115451 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Ultra-Sensitive Chemiresistive Humidity Sensor based on 2D GeS Nanoflakes D Sharma, R Kumar, N Sakhuja, A Pal, N Bhat 2024 8th IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM), 1-3 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure enabled gas sensors: fundamentals and applications N Goel, A Kushwaha, M Kwoka, R Kumar, M Kumar Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12 (10), 5642-5667 , 2024 2024 Citations: 33
Chemiresistive gas sensors beyond metal oxides: Using ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials A Kushwaha, R Kumar, N Goel FlatChem 43, 100584 , 2024 2024 Citations: 36
Development of a Smart and Ultrafast Flexible Humidity Sensor Using the 0D/2D Au/GeS Heterostructure for Human Respiration Rate Monitoring D Sharma, R Kumar, A Pal, N Sakhuja, N Bhat ACS Applied Electronic Materials 5 (6), 3162-3171 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
Tunable Resonance and Electron-Phonon Coupling in Layered MoS2 D Kumar, N Khan, R Kumar, M Kumar, P Kumar arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.01662 , 2023 2023
Flexible/wearable resistive gas sensors based on 2D materials HR Ansari, A Mirzaei, H Shokrollahi, R Kumar, JY Kim, HW Kim, M Kumar, ... Journal of Materials Chemistry C 11 (20), 6528-6549 , 2023 2023 Citations: 88
Strategic review on chemical vapor deposition technology-derived 2D material nanostructures for room-temperature gas sensors R Kumar, N Goel, DK Jarwal, Y Hu, J Zhang, M Kumar Journal of Materials Chemistry C 11 (3), 774-801 , 2023 2023 Citations: 46
Structure-Driven, Flexible, Multilayered, Paper-Based Pressure Sensor for Human–Machine Interfacing N Sakhuja, R Kumar, P Katare, N Bhat ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10 (30), 9697-9706 , 2022 2022 Citations: 75
Conducting polymer-based nanostructures for gas sensors X Liu, W Zheng, R Kumar, M Kumar, J Zhang Coordination Chemistry Reviews 462, 214517 , 2022 2022 Citations: 332
Electron-phonon coupling, thermal expansion coefficient, resonance effect, and phonon dynamics in high-quality CVD-grown monolayer and bilayer D Kumar, V Kumar, R Kumar, M Kumar, P Kumar Physical Review B 105 (8), 085419 , 2022 2022 Citations: 61
Heterojunction-Based Gas Sensors N Goel, R Kumar, M Kumar Gas Sensors, 87-109 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Coupled excitonic quasiparticle-electron–phonon and interlayer coupling in vertically and horizontally aligned MoS 2 D Kumar, R Kumar, M Kumar, P Kumar Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10 (14), 5684-5692 , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Layered metal chalcogenides for gas sensors R Kumar, N Goel, M Kumar e-Book Chapter , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Visualization of band offsets at few-layer MoS2/Ge heterojunction N Goel, R Kumar, M Kumar Nanotechnology 32 (37), 375711 , 2021 2021 Citations: 15
Gas sensing materials roadmap H Wang, J Ma, J Zhang, Y Feng, MT Vijjapu, S Yuvaraja, SG Surya, ... Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 33 (30), 303001 , 2021 2021 Citations: 113
Davydov Splitting, Resonance Effect and Phonon Dynamics in Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Layered MoS2 D Kumar, B Singh, R Kumar, M Kumar, P Kumar Nanotechnology 32 (28), 285705 , 2021 2021 Citations: 20
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
UV-Activated MoS 2 Based Fast and Reversible NO 2 Sensor at Room Temperature R Kumar, N Goel, M Kumar ACS sensors 2 (11), 1744-1752 , 2017 2017 Citations: 516
Room-temperature gas sensors under photoactivation: from metal oxides to 2D materials R Kumar, X Liu, J Zhang, M Kumar Nano-micro letters 12 (1), 164 , 2020 2020 Citations: 438
Conducting polymer-based nanostructures for gas sensors X Liu, W Zheng, R Kumar, M Kumar, J Zhang Coordination Chemistry Reviews 462, 214517 , 2022 2022 Citations: 332
MoS2‐Based Nanomaterials for Room‐Temperature Gas Sensors R Kumar, W Zheng, X Liu, J Zhang, M Kumar Advanced Materials Technologies, 1901062 , 2020 2020 Citations: 312
Transition metal dichalcogenides-based flexible gas sensors R Kumar, N Goel, M Hojamberdiev, M Kumar Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 303, 111875 , 2020 2020 Citations: 244
Photoactivated Mixed In-Plane and Edge-Enriched p-Type MoS 2 Flake-Based NO 2 Sensor Working at Room Temperature AV Agrawal, R Kumar, S Venkatesan, A Zakhidov, G Yang, J Bao, ... ACS sensors 3 (5), 998-1004 , 2018 2018 Citations: 216
Highly selective and reversible NO2 gas sensor using vertically aligned MoS2 flake networks R Kumar, PK Kulriya, M Mishra, F Singh, G Gupta, M Kumar Nanotechnology 29 (46), 464001 , 2018 2018 Citations: 136
Growth of MoS 2 –MoO 3 Hybrid Microflowers via Controlled Vapor Transport Process for Efficient Gas Sensing at Room Temperature R Kumar, N Goel, M Mishra, G Gupta, M Fanetti, M Valant, M Kumar Advanced Materials Interfaces 5 (10), 1800071 , 2018 2018 Citations: 136
High performance NO2 sensor using MoS2 nanowires network R Kumar, N Goel, M Kumar Applied Physics Letters 112 (5) , 2018 2018 Citations: 133
Gas sensing materials roadmap H Wang, J Ma, J Zhang, Y Feng, MT Vijjapu, S Yuvaraja, SG Surya, ... Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 33 (30), 303001 , 2021 2021 Citations: 113
Flexible/wearable resistive gas sensors based on 2D materials HR Ansari, A Mirzaei, H Shokrollahi, R Kumar, JY Kim, HW Kim, M Kumar, ... Journal of Materials Chemistry C 11 (20), 6528-6549 , 2023 2023 Citations: 88
Fast detection and low power hydrogen sensor using edge-oriented vertically aligned 3-D network of MoS2 flakes at room temperature AV Agrawal, R Kumar, S Venkatesan, A Zakhidov, Z Zhu, J Bao, M Kumar, ... Applied Physics Letters 111 (9) , 2017 2017 Citations: 84
Structure-Driven, Flexible, Multilayered, Paper-Based Pressure Sensor for Human–Machine Interfacing N Sakhuja, R Kumar, P Katare, N Bhat ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10 (30), 9697-9706 , 2022 2022 Citations: 75
Wafer-scale synthesis of a uniform film of few-layer MoS2 on GaN for 2D heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector N Goel, R Kumar, B Roul, M Kumar, SB Krupanidhi Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51 (37), 374003 , 2018 2018 Citations: 70
Electron-phonon coupling, thermal expansion coefficient, resonance effect, and phonon dynamics in high-quality CVD-grown monolayer and bilayer D Kumar, V Kumar, R Kumar, M Kumar, P Kumar Physical Review B 105 (8), 085419 , 2022 2022 Citations: 61
A high-performance hydrogen sensor based on a reverse-biased MoS2/GaN heterojunction N Goel, R Kumar, SK Jain, S Rajamani, B Roul, G Gupta, M Kumar, ... Nanotechnology 30 (31), 314001 , 2019 2019 Citations: 61
Enhanced adsorption sites in monolayer MoS2 pyramid structures for highly sensitive and fast hydrogen sensor AV Agrawal, R Kumar, G Yang, J Bao, M Kumar, M Kumar International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45 (15), 9268-9277 , 2020 2020 Citations: 59
Efficient room temperature hydrogen sensor based on UV-activated ZnO nano-network M Kumar, R Kumar, S Rajamani, S Ranwa, M Fanetti, M Valant, M Kumar Nanotechnology 28 (36), 365502 , 2017 2017 Citations: 51
Strategic review on chemical vapor deposition technology-derived 2D material nanostructures for room-temperature gas sensors R Kumar, N Goel, DK Jarwal, Y Hu, J Zhang, M Kumar Journal of Materials Chemistry C 11 (3), 774-801 , 2023 2023 Citations: 46
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and their composites for lab-based sensing applications: Recent progress and future outlook MT Rahman, R Kumar, M Kumar, Q Qiao Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 318, 112517 , 2021 2021 Citations: 46
