Dr. M. RATNARAJU

@vignaniit.edu.in

Associate Professor and Physics (BS&H)
Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Visakapatnam.

Dr. M. RATNARAJU

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Instrumentation, Materials Science
13

Scopus Publications

79

Scholar Citations

5

Scholar h-index

3

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Study of essential elemental concentrations in anti-urolithiatic medicinal plants
    M. Ratnaraju, P. V. Madhusudhana Rao, K. B. Dasari, M. Kumar Raju, M. Kalyan Raju, A. Tejaswi
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2025
  • Assessment of radioactivity levels and dose metrics in coastal drinking water sources of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, India
    N. S. SivaKumar Valli, M. Kumar Raju, G. V. V. Satyanarayana, M. Ratnaraju, D. VidyaSagar, N. Lakshmana Das
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2025
  • Enhanced structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties in Cr3+-substituted Mg0.5R0.5Fe1.5Cr0.5O4 (R = Cu, Zn) ferrites
    D. Parajuli, M. K. Raju, T. Amaranatha Reddy, P. S. V. Shanmukhi, M. Ratnaraju, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, N. Murali, K. Samatha, Avala Ramesh, R. K. N. R. Manepalli
    Aip Advances, 2024
    This study examines the structural, microstructural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Cr3+-substituted ferrites, specifically Mg0.5Cu0.5Fe1.5Cr0.5O4 and Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe1.5Cr0.5O4, synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. Structural and phase purity assessments were conducted via x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure in both ferrites, with derived lattice parameters (8.402 and 8.497 Å) and crystallite sizes (44.70 and 30.05 nm) supporting consistent structural integrity. SEM analysis in association with ImageJ software showed grain sizes between 732 and 324 nm, while FTIR spectra revealed characteristic tetrahedral and octahedral vibration bands. Notably, the saturation magnetization increased significantly with Cu2+ concentration, from 38.67 to 60.45 emu/g, indicating an enhancement in magnetic properties. The dielectric behavior, analyzed over a 100–105 Hz range, exhibited Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and electron hopping effects between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, contributing to typical dispersion patterns. This improvement in magnetic and dielectric properties, particularly in the Cu-doped samples, underscores the effectiveness of Cr3+ substitution in tuning material characteristics. The findings suggest that these modified ferrites hold promise for high-frequency electronic applications, such as inductors, transformers, and electromagnetic interference shielding materials, where both magnetic stability and efficient dielectric performance are critical. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced ferrites for multifunctional electronic devices.
  • Assessment of radioactivity levels in soil of coastal dwellings in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, India
    N. S. Siva Kumar, M. Kumar Raju, M. Ratnaraju, G. V. V. Satyanarayana, D. VidyaSagar, N. Lakshmana Das
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2024
  • Determination of trace, minor and major elements of medicinal plants used for common diseases through PIXE method
    M. Ratnaraju, P. V. Madhusudhana Rao, K. B. Dasari, A. Tejaswi, M. K. Raju, B. Chandra Sekhar
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2023
  • INFRARED REFRACTIVE INDICES OF HYDROGEN-BONDED LIQUID CRYSTALS FROM THE ENVELOPE METHOD
    Padmavathi Sariki, Vasundhara Balireddy, Sankara Rao Gowri B., Ratna Raju M.
    Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2023
    The refractive index of liquid crystals at infrared wavelengths is to be measured using a novel technique. This method involves constructing the envelopes for the transmitted intensities using the envelope method on Fourier transform infrared spectral data before doing refractive index measurements. The upper and lower envelopes for the envelope approach are made using the transmitted wavenumber intensities. In this case, we consider hydrogenbonded mesogens, specifically p-n-alkyl benzoic acid : p-(p'-Octyloxybenzylidene)-p-cyanoaniline (nBA: OBCA, where n=6, 8). The outcomes of this research demonstrate that the hydrogen-bonded mesogens nBA:OBCA have higher refractive indices than the pure compounds. Refractive index values in the infrared area drop with decreasing wave number and reach saturation. The proposed technique evaluates samples' refractive indices in the infrared region (4000cm-1 - 400cm-1) which is difficult-to-measure. Molecular interactions of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals are also investigated.
  • Legendre Wavelet Transform for the Study of Phase Transitions in Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals
    Padmavathi Sariki, Vasundhara Balireddy, Gowri Sankara Rao B, Ratna Raju M
    Brazilian Journal of Physics, 2022
  • Chiral-like doublet band structure and octupole correlations in Ag 104
    Kaushik Katre, P. V. Madhusudhana Rao, R. Raut, A. Sharma, K. Suryanarayana, A. Tejaswi, M. Ratna Raju, D. Vijaya Lakshmi, T. Seshi Reddy, M. Kumar Raju, S. Jehangir, N. Rather, G. H. Bhat, Nazira Nazir, J. A. Sheikh, Y. P. Wang, J. T. Matta, A. D. Ayangeakaa, U. Garg, S. S. Ghugre, T. Trivedi, B. S. Naidu, R. Palit, S. Saha, S. Muralithar, R. P. Singh
    Physical Review C, 2022
    The nature of the yrast negative-parity band and its chiral-like partner band in $^{104}\mathrm{Ag}$ is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Lifetimes of states in the negative-parity yrast band and positive-parity band based on the 4424-keV level are measured using Doppler shift attenuation technique. Lifetimes of three more states have been determined along with the upper limit for the lifetime of the highest observed yrast states. Further, lifetimes known from earlier studies are determined with better precision. The level scheme of $^{104}\mathrm{Ag}$ has also been extended with the addition of new enhanced $E1$ transitions linking the positive-parity band based on the 4424-keV levels and the yrast negative-parity and its partner band. $B(E1)$ and/or $B(E1)/B(M1)$ values for the transitions from the positive-parity band to the yrast and its partner band have been determined for the first time; these suggest strong octupole correlation between the positive-parity and the negative-parity bands. Calculations based on the triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) and covariant density functional theory (CDFT) have been performed to unravel the intrinsic structures of the partner band and the excited positive-parity band. TPSM calculations predict that doublet bands have significant angular momentum contributions along the three principle axes, suggesting that bands could have chiral symmetry breaking origin. The CDFT calculations predict a $\ensuremath{\pi}{({g}_{9/2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\nu}({h}_{11/2}){({g}_{7/2},\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{d}_{5/2})}^{2}$ aligned quasiparticle configuration for the negative-parity doublet bands with deformation parameters $\ensuremath{\beta}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.20$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\approx}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. The partner band could be interpreted as a chiral vibration mode built on top of the yrast band. The excited positive-parity band is predicted to have aligned four quasiparticle configurations, namely, $\ensuremath{\pi}{({g}_{9/2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\nu}{({h}_{11/2})}^{2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{({g}_{7/2},{d}_{5/2})}^{1}$. Further, these calculations predict significant octupole softness in $^{104}\mathrm{Ag}$ which could be the reason for enhanced $E1$ transitions between the four quasiparticle positive-parity bands and the doublet negative-parity bands.
  • Synthesis, structural and microstructural properties of CBN ferroelectric ceramics
    B. Chandra Sekhar, B. Dhana Lakshmi, M. Ratna Raju, S. Ramesh, P.S.V. Subba Rao, B. Parvatheeswara Rao
    Ferroelectrics, 2021
    CaxBa1-xNb2O6 (CBN) ceramics with tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structures are very attractive from academic and technological fronts due to their stupendous ferroelectric properties. Polycrystalline samples of CaxBa1-xNb2O5 were prepared by a high temperature solid state reaction technique. The phase formation, microstructure and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Raman spectrometer, respectively. X-ray analysis confirms the partially filled tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structure. Scanning electron micrographs provide information related to the morphology and grain size distribution of the samples. Detailed analysis of the structural and optical properties suggests that these samples have undergone a phase transition well above the room temperature.
  • Evaporation-residue-gated spin distribution measurements of the highly fissile compound nucleus Th ∗ 224 through O 16 + Pb 208 and O 18 + Pb 206 reactions
    M. M. Hosamani, N. M. Badiger, N. Madhavan, I. Mazumdar, S. Nath, J. Gehlot, A. K. Sinha, S. M. Patel, P. B. Chavan, T. Varughese, Vishal Srivastava, Md. Moin Shaikh, P. Sandya Devi, P. V. Laveen, A. Shamlath, M. Shareef, S. K. Duggi, P. V. Madhusudhana Rao, G. Naga Jyothi, A. Tejaswi, P. N. Patil, A. Vinayak, K. K. Rajesh, Abhishek Yadav, A. Parihari, Rohan Biswas, Monalisha Dhibar, D. P. Kaur, M. Ratna Raju, J. Joseph
    Physical Review C, 2020
    Measurements of cross sections of evaporation residue (ER) and spin distributions of heavy nuclei, produced via compound nuclear fusion-evaporation reactions, provide crucial information about the dynamics of nuclear fission and the survival probability of the system against fission. Such measurements help in probing the evolution of the compound system from equilibrium to the saddle and the underlying role of nuclear dissipation in hindering fission. The purpose of the present measurements is to understand the survival probability of the $^{224}\mathrm{Th}^{*}$ compound nucleus against fission and its dependence on angular momentum. Measurements of the ER cross sections and spin distributions have been carried out for the $^{16}\mathrm{O}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{18}\mathrm{O}+^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ reactions which form the same $^{224}\mathrm{Th}^{*}$ compound nucleus. The two reactions have been carried out at laboratory energies ranging from 87 MeV to 122.6 MeV and 85.7 MeV to 121.4 MeV, respectively. The measurements have been performed at Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi using the Hybrid Recoil mass Analyzer in gas-filled mode, coupled with the $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ spin spectrometer of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. The reduced ER cross sections (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{ER}/\ensuremath{\pi}{{R}_{B}}^{2}$) for both systems are comparable at low excitation energies while at higher excitation energies the $^{18}\mathrm{O}+^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ system shows nearly 50% higher values. However, the $^{18}\mathrm{O}+^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ system shows lower mean $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray multiplicity (and hence lower mean angular momentum) at all excitation energies which is a surprising result.
  • Compositional characterization of Kakinada Bay sediment by INAA and IBA methods: preliminary study
    K. B. Dasari, M. Ratna Raju, S. Lakshminarayana
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2016
  • Structural, dc resistivity and activation energy studies of NiCuZn ferrite
    Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2015
  • Measurement of Kβ/Kα intensity ratios for elements in the range 51 ≤ Z ≤ 67 at 59.54 keV
    N. V. Sita Mahalakshmi, K. Premachand, M. Ratna Raju
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2014

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Study of essential elemental concentrations in anti-urolithiatic medicinal plants
    M Ratnaraju, PVM Rao, KB Dasari, MK Raju, MK Raju, A Tejaswi
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 334 (6), 4257-4263 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Assessment of radioactivity levels and dose metrics in coastal drinking water sources of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, India
    NSSK Valli, MK Raju, GVV Satyanarayana, M Ratnaraju, D VidyaSagar, ...
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 334 (6), 4265-4277 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 3
  • Enhanced structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties in Cr3+-substituted Mg0. 5R0. 5Fe1. 5Cr0. 5O4 (R= Cu, Zn) ferrites
    D Parajuli, MK Raju, TA Reddy, PSV Shanmukhi, M Ratnaraju, ...
    AIP Advances 14 (12) , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Assessment of radioactivity levels in soil of coastal dwellings in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, India
    NSS Kumar, MK Raju, M Ratnaraju, GVV Satyanarayana, D VidyaSagar, ...
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 333 (11), 5307-5321 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Seasonal variation of Indoor radon concentration in the dwellings of Visakhapatnam and estimation of indoor annual effective dose
    ADPR G. V. V. Satyanarayana, M. Ratnaraju, D. Vidyasagar
    Journal For Basic Sciences 23 (12), 618-633 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 2
  • Determination of trace, minor and major elements of medicinal plants used for common diseases through PIXE method
    M Ratnaraju, PVM Rao, KB Dasari, A Tejaswi, MK Raju, BC Sekhar
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 332 (12), 5247-5252 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 4
  • STUDIES ON STRUCTURAL, PERMEABILITY AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CU2+ SUBSTITUTED NI-ZN FERRITES
    KS M. K. Raju, M. Ratna Raju, K. Rajkumar, Shaik Jesus Mercy, P. Himakar, B ...
    China Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Technology 23, 3452-3466 , 2023
    2023
  • Thermal Behaviour of Tungsten Filament and Verification of Empirical Formula
    GATSK Jagannadha Sastry V, S. Suresh, K. Suryanarayana, M. Ratnaraju
    Eur. Chem. Bul. 12 (5), 1887-1895 , 2023
    2023
  • INFRARED REFRACTIVE INDICES OF HYDROGEN-BONDED LIQUID CRYSTALS FROM THE ENVELOPE METHOD
    GSRMR Padmavathi Sariki, Vasundhara Balireddy
    Rasayan J. Chem 16 (02) , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 1
  • Chiral-like doublet band structure and octupole correlations in
    K Katre, PVM Rao, R Raut, A Sharma, K Suryanarayana, A Tejaswi, ...
    Physical Review C 106 (3), 034323 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 2
  • High Spin Study of 104 Ag Nucleus
    K Katre, PVM Rao, K Suryanarayana, A Tejaswi, MK Raju, MR Raju, ...
    Electrochemical Society Transactions 107 (1), 12577-12584 , 2022
    2022
  • Legendre Wavelet Transformation for the study of phase transitions in Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals
    GSRMR Padmavathi Sariki, Vasundhara Balireddy
    Brazilin Journal of Physics 25, 210 , 2022
    2022
  • Synthesis, structural and microstructural properties of CBN ferroelectric ceramics
    B Chandra Sekhar, B Dhana Lakshmi, M Ratna Raju, S Ramesh, ...
    Ferroelectrics 573 (1), 154-165 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 1
  • Evaporation-residue-gated spin distribution measurements of the highly fissile compound nucleus through and reactions
    MM Hosamani, NM Badiger, N Madhavan, I Mazumdar, S Nath, J Gehlot, ...
    Physical Review C 101 (1), 014616 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 12
  • Fusion evaporation cross section measurements for 16O+ 204Pb at above barrier energies
    P Sandya Devi, PV Madhusudhana Rao, SK Duggi
    Proceedings of the DAE-BRNS symposium on nuclear physics. V. 64, 2-2 , 2019
    2019
  • Observation of asymmetric fission in mass distribution of 222Th Compound nucleus
    SK Duggi, PVM Rao, PS Devi, G Naga, A Jyothi, MR Raju, ...
    Proceedings of the DAE Symp. on Nucl. Phys 64, 367 , 2019
    2019
  • Fusion evaporation cross section measurements for 16O+204Pb at above barrier energies.
    PS Devi, PVM Rao, SK Duggi, G Naga, A Jyothi, VV Jyothi, MR Raju, ...
    Proceedings of the DAE Symp. on Nucl. Phys 64, 539 , 2019
    2019
  • Evaporation Residue cross section measurements for Thorium compound nuclei
    PS Devi, SK Duggi, GN Jyothi, A Tejaswi, MR Raju, PVM Rao, ...
    Proceedings of the DAE Symp. on Nucl. Phys 63, 626 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 1
  • Fission fragment Mass-TKE distribution of Thorium nuclei
    SK Duggi, PS Devi, GN Jyothi, A Tejaswi, MR Raju, VV Jyothi, PVM Rao, ...
    Proceedings of the DAE Symp. on Nucl. Phys 63, 646 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 1
  • Evaporation residue studies for the 16O+ 208Pb and 18O+ 206Pb systems
    MM Hosamani, NM Badiger, PN Patil
    Proceedings of the DAE-BRNS symposium on nuclear physics. V. 62, 580-581 , 2017
    2017

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Structural, dc resistivity and activation energy studies of NiCuZn ferrite
    MK Raju, MR Raju, K Samatha
    J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 17, 1075-1079 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 16
  • Elemental analysis of medicinal plants from different sites by instrumental neutron activation analysis
    M Ratna Raju, PV Madhusudhana Rao, T Seshi Reddy, MK Raju, ...
    International Journal of Bioassays 5, 4892-4896 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 13
  • Evaporation-residue-gated spin distribution measurements of the highly fissile compound nucleus through and reactions
    MM Hosamani, NM Badiger, N Madhavan, I Mazumdar, S Nath, J Gehlot, ...
    Physical Review C 101 (1), 014616 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 12
  • Structural observations, Density and Porosity studies of Cu substituted Ni-Zn ferrite through Standard Ceramic technique.
    JRGPKS M. KalyanaRaju, M. RatnaRaju, K. RajasekharBabu
    Chemical Science Transactions 4 (2), 325-330 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 6
  • Compositional characterization of Kakinada Bay sediment by INAA and IBA methods: preliminary study.
    MRSL K. B. Dasari
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, 875-882 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 5
  • Determination of trace, minor and major elements of medicinal plants used for common diseases through PIXE method
    M Ratnaraju, PVM Rao, KB Dasari, A Tejaswi, MK Raju, BC Sekhar
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 332 (12), 5247-5252 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 4
  • Measurement of K β /K α intensity ratios for elements in the range 51 ≤ Z ≤ 67 at 59.54 keV
    NV Sita Mahalakshmi, K Premachand, M Ratna Raju
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 300 (1), 153-156 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 4
  • Assessment of radioactivity levels and dose metrics in coastal drinking water sources of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, India
    NSSK Valli, MK Raju, GVV Satyanarayana, M Ratnaraju, D VidyaSagar, ...
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 334 (6), 4265-4277 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 3
  • Enhanced structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties in Cr3+-substituted Mg0. 5R0. 5Fe1. 5Cr0. 5O4 (R= Cu, Zn) ferrites
    D Parajuli, MK Raju, TA Reddy, PSV Shanmukhi, M Ratnaraju, ...
    AIP Advances 14 (12) , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Assessment of radioactivity levels in soil of coastal dwellings in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, India
    NSS Kumar, MK Raju, M Ratnaraju, GVV Satyanarayana, D VidyaSagar, ...
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 333 (11), 5307-5321 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Study of essential elemental concentrations in anti-urolithiatic medicinal plants
    M Ratnaraju, PVM Rao, KB Dasari, MK Raju, MK Raju, A Tejaswi
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 334 (6), 4257-4263 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Seasonal variation of Indoor radon concentration in the dwellings of Visakhapatnam and estimation of indoor annual effective dose
    ADPR G. V. V. Satyanarayana, M. Ratnaraju, D. Vidyasagar
    Journal For Basic Sciences 23 (12), 618-633 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 2
  • Chiral-like doublet band structure and octupole correlations in
    K Katre, PVM Rao, R Raut, A Sharma, K Suryanarayana, A Tejaswi, ...
    Physical Review C 106 (3), 034323 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 2
  • INFRARED REFRACTIVE INDICES OF HYDROGEN-BONDED LIQUID CRYSTALS FROM THE ENVELOPE METHOD
    GSRMR Padmavathi Sariki, Vasundhara Balireddy
    Rasayan J. Chem 16 (02) , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 1
  • Synthesis, structural and microstructural properties of CBN ferroelectric ceramics
    B Chandra Sekhar, B Dhana Lakshmi, M Ratna Raju, S Ramesh, ...
    Ferroelectrics 573 (1), 154-165 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 1
  • Evaporation Residue cross section measurements for Thorium compound nuclei
    PS Devi, SK Duggi, GN Jyothi, A Tejaswi, MR Raju, PVM Rao, ...
    Proceedings of the DAE Symp. on Nucl. Phys 63, 626 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 1
  • Fission fragment Mass-TKE distribution of Thorium nuclei
    SK Duggi, PS Devi, GN Jyothi, A Tejaswi, MR Raju, VV Jyothi, PVM Rao, ...
    Proceedings of the DAE Symp. on Nucl. Phys 63, 646 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 1
  • STUDIES ON STRUCTURAL, PERMEABILITY AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CU2+ SUBSTITUTED NI-ZN FERRITES
    KS M. K. Raju, M. Ratna Raju, K. Rajkumar, Shaik Jesus Mercy, P. Himakar, B ...
    China Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Technology 23, 3452-3466 , 2023
    2023
  • Thermal Behaviour of Tungsten Filament and Verification of Empirical Formula
    GATSK Jagannadha Sastry V, S. Suresh, K. Suryanarayana, M. Ratnaraju
    Eur. Chem. Bul. 12 (5), 1887-1895 , 2023
    2023
  • High Spin Study of 104 Ag Nucleus
    K Katre, PVM Rao, K Suryanarayana, A Tejaswi, MK Raju, MR Raju, ...
    Electrochemical Society Transactions 107 (1), 12577-12584 , 2022
    2022