Geraint Paul Rees

@upf.edu

Department of Translation and Language Sciences
Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Geraint Paul Rees


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https://researchid.co/geraint

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Multidisciplinary, Language and Linguistics, Education, Human-Computer Interaction
14

Scopus Publications

510

Scholar Citations

12

Scholar h-index

13

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Making Dictionary Content Accessible for People with Visual Impairments
    Geraint Paul Rees
    Lexikos, 2026
    This article discusses the development and evaluation of EDictViz: a visually accessible dictionary website intended to meet the accessibility needs of people with visual impairments. It is argued that dictionary access is important not only because of the utilitarian role that dictionaries play in resolving language queries but also because of their potential to promote social inclusion. With reference to previous research, a summary is provided of the barriers to access typically faced by people with visual impairments when using dictionary websites. Following this, the way in which these problems have been addressed in the development and evaluation process of EDictViz thus far is discussed. An evaluation of a development version of EDictViz based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines is reported — it indicates that the latest prototype version of the tool is accessible. This suggests that the design decisions taken at the outset of the project were sound. Throughout this process the parallels between lexicography research, which is often concerned with providing efficient access to lexicographic data, and accessibility research in general are drawn. Plans for future experimental studies to evaluate EDictViz which directly involve people with visual impairments are set out. This development process demonstrates the potential for mutually beneficial collaboration between accessibility and lexicography researchers. Keywords: accessibility, advertisements, education, language learning, language teaching, lexicography, lexicotainment, online dictionaries, WCAG, web development
  • Exploring Which Aspects of an Online Monolingual Learners’ Dictionary Can Be Investigated Using the Archived Web
    Geraint Paul Rees
    International Journal of Lexicography, 2025
    The historical development of print editions of monolingual English learners’ dictionaries has been well documented. In contrast, the evolution of their online counterparts remains underexplored. It is argued that this is because documentation of changes to online dictionaries is scarce. The use of archived web material is posited as a means of addressing this research gap. Drawing on Lew and Szarowska’s (2017) online dictionary evaluation framework and Brügger’s (2018) concepts of webstrata and digitality, this study explores the feasibility of using archived web material for diachronic research on websites that provide access to The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Findings indicate that although existing archived material allows investigation of common research themes in lexicography, changes to archiving practices are necessary to facilitate in-depth research. To this end, techniques for exploiting existing archived web material are discussed along with suggestions for the creation of an ideal web archive.
  • Documenting the Final Days of Monolingual English Learners’ Dictionaries Using the Archived Web
    Proceedings of Electronic Lexicography in the 21st Century Conference, 2025
  • The Effectiveness of OpenAI GPT-Generated Definitions Versus Definitions from an English Learners’ Dictionary in a Lexically Orientated Reading Task
    Geraint Paul Rees, Robert Lew
    International Journal of Lexicography, 2024
    In metalexicographical research, experts have judged the performance of technologies such as OpenAI Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) in lexicographic production tasks as promising yet inferior to human lexicographers. It remains unclear whether this perceived inferiority limits the effectiveness of AI-generated lexicography in resolving practical language doubts. Accordingly, this study compares the effectiveness of AI-generated definitions to those from the Macmillan English Dictionary (MED) in resolving vocabulary doubts in a multiple-choice reading task designed to test lexical knowledge. It involves 43 L2 English users in the third year of an English studies degree at a Spanish university. Students provided with MED definitions performed better on the reading task than those without access to definitions. However, there was no significant difference between the performance of students with either MED definitions or without definitions altogether, and those provided with AI-definitions. The implications of these findings are discussed along with avenues for further research.
  • Academic Word Families in Online English Dictionaries
    Geraint Paul Rees
    Lexikos, 2024
    The concept of the word family has been widely employed in research on vocabulary in the teaching and learning of foreign and second languages. The underlying assumption being that once learners know one member of a word family, they can recognise other members. Empirical research supports this vis-à-vis receptive knowledge of inflectionally related wordforms. However, studies of academic writing indicate that using appropriate derivative forms of a known word is challenging, suggesting a need for dictionaries with morphological support for writers. Traditionally, in paper-based dictionaries, this need could not be fulfilled due, in part, to space constraints. This study aims to establish if it is met in five online English dictionary websites. It analyses the treatment of seventy-four academic wordforms which academic writers have been shown to have difficulty deriving when presented with the related base word. Results indicate good coverage of the derivative forms across the dictionary websites examined but inconsistency within and between resources in the way in which forms are treated. Differences include the status as entries or subentries and the provision of writing support features such as examples, grammar patterns, and collocation information. Finally, changes to the treatment of derivatives to better serve academic writers are suggested. Keywords: academic writing, derivative forms, lexicography, morphology, online dictionaries, vocabulary acquisition, word families, writing support
  • A TEXTBOOK OR CHATGPT Which Helps Novice Programmers Most with Unknown Terms?
    Euralex Proceedings, 2024
  • Online Dictionaries and Accessibility for People with Visual Impairments
    Geraint Paul Rees
    International Journal of Lexicography, 2023
    Making information about language accessible to users has long been a key concern of lexicographic research. Adopting a narrower perspective, this examination of three dictionary websites (collinsdictionary.com, merriam-webster.com, and dle.rae.es) employs the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) to examine their accessibility for people with visual impairments. Dictionaries can be motors for social inclusion of this oft-marginalised group since, beyond resolving language doubts, they can also help affirm socio-cultural identities. Unlike paper dictionaries where space-saving conventions make accessibility a challenge, in principle, online resources are adaptable to the needs of users with visual impairments. In practice, although none of the websites evaluated meet any officially recognised WCAG conformance level, they do contain features aimed at improving accessibility for this group. Most impediments to accessibility are the result of ancillary elements such as advertising, social media, games, and word of the day features. Although these ancillary elements may not necessarily be the principal focus of dictionary use, they nonetheless have a negative effect on the accessibility of the dictionary entry itself. This article concludes with suggestions for solving several of these accessibility issues.
  • Using corpora to write dictionaries
    Geraint Rees
    Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics Second Edition, 2022
    Lexicographers are often characterised as pioneer corpus linguists. This argument is valid to a degree. In the past, lexicographers were supported in their work by ‘corpora’ comprising millions of slips of paper recording examples of words in use. However, taking a more pedantic stance, as lexicographers are apt to do, the extent to which these collections of citations constitute what is currently understood as a corpus in corpus linguistics is questionable. Citation slips are not complete texts but rather extracts of texts recorded by citation readers. The decision on which extracts to record is subject to readers’ intuitions and prejudices. Corpus evidence has shown us that intuitions are an unreliable basis on which to build up an accurate picture of language use, since we tend to notice utterances which are unusual in some way rather than those that are typical or mundane. Prejudice comes into play since we tend to have preconceived, frequently inaccurate, ideas about what constitutes normal language use.
  • SLIPPING THROUGH THE CRACKS IN E-LEXICOGRAPHY
    Ana Frankenberg-Garcia, Geraint Paul Rees, Robert Lew
    International Journal of Lexicography, 2021
    Despite the remarkable advances made in recent years to facilitate the lexicographer’s work of interpreting and synthesizing the complexity of language uncovered by corpora, an uncritical use of cutting-edge corpus tools and resources can instill a false sense of assurance. In this paper, authentic examples pertaining to wordlist use, collocation research and example selection that arose when compiling a real-world lexical database are discussed through the lens of problems that can easily slip through the cracks in e-lexicography. In doing so, we emphasize the importance of solid training and sound lexicographic judgment when using corpora, corpus tools and corpus-derived resources, and provide an opportunity to reflect on how e-lexicography can be further refined in the future.
  • Discipline-specific academic phraseology: Corpus evidence and potential applications
    Corpora in Esp Eap Writing Instruction Preparation Exploitation Analysis, 2021
  • Identifying collocation issues in English L2 research article writing
    Corpora in Esp Eap Writing Instruction Preparation Exploitation Analysis, 2021
  • Developing a writing assistant to help EAP writers with collocations in real time
    Ana Frankenberg-Garcia, Robert Lew, Jonathan C. Roberts, Geraint Paul Rees, Nirwan Sharma
    Recall, 2019
  • Multiple views: Different meanings and collocated words
    J. C. Roberts, H. Al‐maneea, P. W. S. Butcher, R. Lew, G. Rees, N. Sharma, A. Frankenberg‐Garcia
    Computer Graphics Forum, 2019
  • ColloCaid: A real-time tool to help academic writers with English collocations
    Euralex Proceedings, 2018

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Exploring which aspects of an online monolingual learners’ dictionary can be investigated using the archived web
    GP Rees
    International Journal of Lexicography 38 (4), 307-320 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 3
  • Making dictionary content accessible for people with visual Impairments
    GP Rees
    Lexikos 35 (2), 165-184 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Writing aids for data-driven learning
    GP Rees, A Frankenberg-Garcia
    The Palgrave encyclopedia of computer-assisted language learning, 1-6 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 3
  • Investigating user perceptions of a corpus-informed DDL resource: User experiences of ColloCaid
    GP Rees
    Applications of Corpus Linguistics: Established and Emergent Contexts, 38-60 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • The development and exploratory analysis of the Writing and AI Knowledge Scale (WAIKS)
    GP Rees, RS Fisher
    2025
  • Can dictionary consultation during reading be improved?
    GP Rees, A Frankenberg-Garcia
    Choubsaz Y, Díez-Arcón P, Gimeno-Sanz A, Morgana V, Murphy C, Seracini FL … , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Documenting the final days of monolingual English learners' dictionaries using the archived web
    GP Rees
    Electronic lexicography in the 21st century (eLex 2025): Intelligent … , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Dictionaries embedded: writing assistants and other tools
    GP Rees, A Frankenberg-Garcia
    Elsevier , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Multimedia in Dictionaries
    GP Rees
    International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Lexicography and accessibility
    GP Rees, B Arias-Badia, E Bernal, S Torner
    Lexicography and Semantics, 290 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 2
  • The effectiveness of OpenAI GPT-generated definitions versus definitions from an English learners’ dictionary in a lexically orientated reading task
    GP Rees, R Lew
    International Journal of Lexicography 37 (1), 50-74 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 47
  • Akademiese woordfamilies in aanlyn Engelse woordeboeke
    GP Rees
    Lexikos 34, 437-468 , 2024
    2024
  • A textbook or ChatGPT. Which helps novice programmers most with unknown terms?
    G Rees, I Gibert
    2024
    Citations: 5
  • Academic word families in online English dictionaries
    GP Rees
    Lexikos 34, 437-468 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 5
  • Less is more: Focused Design and Problem Framing in Visualisation–Developing the ColloCaid Collocation Editor
    JC Roberts, P Butcher, G Rees, R Lew, N Sharma, A Frankenberg-Garcia
    2023 EG UK Computer Graphics & Visual Computing (2023): Computer Graphics … , 2023
    2023
  • Online Dictionaries and Accessibility for People with Visual Impairments
    GP Rees
    International Journal of Lexicography , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 11
  • Using corpora to write dictionaries
    G Rees
    The Routledge handbook of corpus linguistics, 387-404 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 18
  • Slipping through the cracks in e-lexicography
    A Frankenberg-Garcia, GP Rees, R Lew
    International Journal of Lexicography 34 (2), 206-234 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 57
  • 2 Discipline-specific academic phraseology
    GP Rees
    Corpora in ESP/EAP Writing Instruction: Preparation, Exploitation, Analysis … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 9
  • Identifying collocation issues in English L2 research article writing
    PT Pinto, GP Rees, A Frankenberg-Garcia
    Corpora in ESP/EAP writing instruction, 147-170 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 20

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Developing a writing assistant to help EAP writers with collocations in real time
    A Frankenberg-Garcia, R Lew, JC Roberts, GP Rees, N Sharma
    ReCALL 31 (1), 23-39 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 144
  • Slipping through the cracks in e-lexicography
    A Frankenberg-Garcia, GP Rees, R Lew
    International Journal of Lexicography 34 (2), 206-234 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 57
  • The effectiveness of OpenAI GPT-generated definitions versus definitions from an English learners’ dictionary in a lexically orientated reading task
    GP Rees, R Lew
    International Journal of Lexicography 37 (1), 50-74 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 47
  • Alfabetización informacional en la educación superior virtual: logros y desafíos
    C Pineda Báez, C Hennig Manzouli, Y Segovia Cifuentes, D Díaz Gómez, ...
    Información, cultura y sociedad, 83-104 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 36
  • Multiple views: different meanings and collocated words
    JC Roberts, H Al‐maneea, PWS Butcher, R Lew, G Rees, N Sharma, ...
    Computer Graphics Forum 38 (3), 79-93 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 34
  • Identifying collocation issues in English L2 research article writing
    PT Pinto, GP Rees, A Frankenberg-Garcia
    Corpora in ESP/EAP writing instruction, 147-170 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 20
  • Using corpora to write dictionaries
    G Rees
    The Routledge handbook of corpus linguistics, 387-404 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 18
  • ColloCaid: a tool to help academic English writers find the words they need
    A Frankenberg-Garcia¹, G Rees, R Lew
    CALL and complexity–short papers from EUROCALL 2019, 144 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 16
  • A phraseological multi-discipline approach to vocabulary selection for English for academic purposes
    GP Rees
    Universitat Pompeu Fabra , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 16
  • Herramientas de comunicación y presentación de contenidos en pregrados virtuales colombianos
    PO de Suárez, C Pineda-Báez, GP Rees
    Magis. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación 8 (17), 65-84 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 16
  • ColloCaid: A real-time tool to help academic writers with English collocations”
    R Lew, A Frankenberg-Garcia, G Rees, JC Roberts, N Sharma
    2018
    Citations: 15
  • Visualisation approaches for corpus linguistics: Towards visual integration of data-driven learning
    J Roberts
    2018
    Citations: 12
  • Online Dictionaries and Accessibility for People with Visual Impairments
    GP Rees
    International Journal of Lexicography , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 11
  • 2 Discipline-specific academic phraseology
    GP Rees
    Corpora in ESP/EAP Writing Instruction: Preparation, Exploitation, Analysis … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 9
  • Visualising Collocation for Close Writing.
    JC Roberts, PWS Butcher, R Lew, GP Rees, N Sharma, ...
    EuroVis (Short Papers), 181-185 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 8
  • Visualisation and graphical techniques to help writers write more idiomatically
    JC Roberts, A Frankenberg-Garcia, R Lew, G Rees, J Pereda
    2017
    Citations: 6
  • A textbook or ChatGPT. Which helps novice programmers most with unknown terms?
    G Rees, I Gibert
    2024
    Citations: 5
  • Academic word families in online English dictionaries
    GP Rees
    Lexikos 34, 437-468 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 5
  • Measuring user workload in e-lexicography with the nasa task load index
    GP Rees, I Kosem, M Cukr
    Electronic lexicography in the 21st century (eLex 2021). Post-editing … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 5
  • Corpus evidence for a discipline-specific phraseological approach to academic vocabulary
    GP Rees
    Research in Corpus Linguistics, 61-74 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 5