Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Protein Kinase C in Rat Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival In Vitro Renan Lyra Miranda, Larissa Costa Santos, Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves‐de‐Albuquerque, Adriana Ribeiro Silva, Hugo Caire Castro‐Faria‐Neto, et al. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2026 Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death profoundly impacts vision because RGC axons form the optic nerve, which transmits information to central visual areas. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) participates in the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway and plays a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. Previously, we showed that protein kinase C activation by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) treatment for 48 h increases the survival of neonatal rat RGCs by modulating muscarinic receptor levels. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of the selective α7nAChR agonist PNU‐282987 in rat retinal cell cultures and analyse whether the activation of this receptor is involved in PMA‐mediated RGC survival. Our results showed that α7nAChR inhibition using methyllycaconitine (MLA) abolished the effects of selected cholinergic agonists on RGC survival. We also observed that PNU‐282987 regulates TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels and release. Moreover, PNU‐282987 promoted RGC survival, and its neuroprotection was partially mediated by the induction of TNF‐α and IL‐1β during the initial stages of culture. MLA blocked the effect of PMA (50 ng/mL) on RGC, whereas PMA slightly increased the α7 subunit levels at 48 h. Further, PMA treatment decreased intracellular TNF‐α and p‐NF‐κB p50 levels through α7nAChR activation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that α7nAChR activation leads to the modulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in rat retinal cell cultures, thereby increasing RGC survival. Furthermore, activated α7nAChR enhances PKC activation and increases RGC survival after axotomy, corroborating the role of this receptor in neuroprotection.
Glial Cells as Central Players in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage Caused by Bacterial Pneumonia Aléxia M. S. Ferreira, Léo Victor G. Castro, Marina Ferreira-Costa, Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Adriana R. Silva Neuroimmunomodulation, 2026 Background: Pneumonia is an infection that affects the alveolar spaces of the lungs, associated with high global mortality, and remains a significant public health challenge worldwide. In a compromised immune system, the infection can progress, leading to the establishment of pneumonia. During this process, an intense inflammatory response is triggered in the lungs through the activation of resident immune cells, especially alveolar macrophages. This activation promotes the recruitment of neutrophils and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in the formation of exudative infiltrates within the alveoli. Pneumonia is a leading cause of sepsis, particularly among hospitalized patients and in intensive care units. Sepsis represents one of the most severe complications of pneumonia and is characterized by a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response to lung infection. Another critical challenge to treating clinical infectious conditions, which can lead to life-threatening sepsis, septic shock, and multiorgan dysfunction, is the continuous growth of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Summary: Among the organ dysfunctions associated with sepsis, sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the most frequent and constitutes a primary contributor to the neurological alterations observed in critically ill patients. Although SAE is often classified as a fully reversible pathophysiological process, increasing evidence suggests an association between sepsis, structural brain injury, and long-term neurological sequelae. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first regions exposed to peripheral inflammation during sepsis, allowing inflammatory mediators and immune cells to infiltrate the brain. This process activates microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, exposing neurons to an oxidative stress-rich environment that leads to neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. A dysregulated pro-inflammatory microglial response plays a significant role in SAE, as microglia-derived cytokines are strongly associated with neuronal damage. Furthermore, activated microglia stimulate astrocytes to adopt a reactive inflammatory phenotype, thereby amplifying neuroinflammation. Key Messages: Recent studies have demonstrated that regulating microglial and astrocytic hyperactivation can attenuate the inflammatory response. Therefore, targeting glial cells during SAE holds significant therapeutic potential, offering a promising avenue for the development of new strategies aimed at reversing the exacerbated CNS inflammatory response, mitigating neuronal damage, and ultimately reducing the long-term neurological sequelae observed in post-septic patients.
A Lipid Road to Neuroimmunology: Fatty Acids Linking Immune and Nervous Systems Isabelle Moraes-de-Souza, Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes, Renan Muniz-Santos, Gabrielle Lacerda de Souza Gomes-Reis, Francisco da Silva dos Santos, et al. Neuroimmunomodulation, 2026 Background: Neuroimmunology focuses on the two-way communication between the nervous and immune systems, a crucial relationship that maintains the body’s internal balance. Disruptions in this neural-immune axis are associated with several disorders. Summary: Fatty acids, as bioactive molecules, can modulate both neural and immune functions. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have opposite effects: SFAs promote inflammation and are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment, whereas PUFAs exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The balance between SFAs and PUFAs is key in regulating neuroimmune interactions. Key Messages: Fatty acid receptors act as essential molecular sensors, connecting lipid signaling to both immune and neural outcomes, and their activation or inhibition influences cytokine production and neuron survival. Due to their role in these pathways, targeting fatty acid interactions to control inflammation and promote neural repair represents a promising strategy for neurological disease therapies. This review examines how fatty acids influence neuroimmune cells and may pave the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Bosutinib mitigates inflammation in experimental sepsis C. M. C. Cunha, V. H. P. Abreu, V. Estato, G. M. V. Soares, B. P. T. Moraes, et al. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2025 BackgroundSepsis, a leading cause of death globally, lacks targeted and effective treatment. Its pathophysiology involves unbalanced inflammation, marked by a high release of inflammatory mediators, leukocyte recruitment, vascular changes and dysfunction of the nervous and respiratory systems. Src family tyrosine kinases (SFK) play a critical role in immune responses, and their inhibition can modulate excessive inflammation. This study investigates the potential of bosutinib, an SFK inhibitor, as a treatment for sepsis.MethodsClinical signs, survival rates, systemic and neuronal inflammatory responses, cell recruitment, lung function and cerebral microcirculation were analysed in mice treated with bosutinib (3 mg/kg) or DMSO/saline followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis.ResultsBosutinib treatment reduced the severity of sepsis, improved survival rates and reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in peritoneal lavage, plasma and brain tissue. It also reduced cellular infiltration and bacterial growth at the infection site and protected lung function by reducing diffuse alveolar damage. Using intravital microscopy and laser speckle techniques, bosutinib improved capillary density and blood perfusion and reduced leukocyte recruitment and adhesion in the cerebral microcirculation of septic animals.ConclusionsBosutinib pretreatment attenuated dysregulated inflammatory responses and neurovascular changes in experimental sepsis.
Luteolin: A novel approach to fight bacterial infection Maria do Socorro dos Santos Chagas, Carla Junqueira Moragas Tellis, Adriana R. Silva, Maria Alice dos Santos Mascarenhas Brito, Anderson Junger Teodoro, et al. Microbial Pathogenesis, 2025
Status of Sepsis Care in European Hospitals Results from an International Cross-Sectional Survey Christian S. Scheer, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Ricard Ferrer, Evgeny A. Idelevich, Djillali Annane, et al. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2025 Rationale Early detection, standardized therapy, adequate infrastructure, and strategies for quality improvement should constitute essential components of every hospital’s sepsis plan. Objectives To investigate the extent to which recommendations from the sepsis guidelines are implemented and the availability of infrastructure for the care of patients with sepsis in acute-care hospitals. Methods A multidisciplinary cross-sectional questionnaire was used to investigate sepsis care in hospitals. This included the use of sepsis definitions, the implementation of sepsis guideline recommendations, diagnostic and therapeutic infrastructure, antibiotic stewardship, and quality improvement initiatives (QIIs) in hospitals. Measurements and Main Results A total of 1,023 hospitals in 69 countries were included. Most of them, 835 (81.6%), were in Europe. Sepsis screening was used in 54.2% of emergency departments (EDs), 47.9% of wards, and 61.7% of ICUs. Sepsis management was standardized in 57.3% of EDs, 45.2% of wards, and 70.7% of ICUs. The implementation of comprehensive QIIs was associated with increased screening (EDs, +33.3%; wards, +44.4%; ICUs, +23.8% absolute difference) and increased standardized sepsis management (EDs, +33.6%; wards, +40.0%; ICUs, +17.7% absolute difference) compared with hospitals without QIIs. A total of 9.8% of hospitals had implemented ongoing QIIs, and 4.6% had invested in sepsis programs. Conclusions The findings indicate that there is considerable room for improvement in a large number of mainly European hospitals, particularly with regard to early identification and standardized management of sepsis, the availability of guidelines, diagnostic and therapeutic infrastructure, and the implementation of QIIs. Further efforts are required to implement a more comprehensive and appropriate quality of care.
Omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mitigates inflammatory responses in experimental sepsis Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes, Isabelle Moraes-de-Souza, Gabrielle Lacerda de Souza Gomes-Reis, Marina Ferreira-Costa, Carolina Medina Coeli da Cunha, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025 Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis induces systemic inflammation and increases adhesion molecule expression and activation, promoting leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. In addition, sepsis leads to the disruption of vascular integrity with fluid leakage and migration of leukocytes across the compromised endothelial barrier, leading to organ damage. Bioactive food compounds such as DHA, an essential omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), are known for their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties. Thus, the supplementation of DHA may affect sepsis development, protecting the host. Methods To investigate the role of DHA in neutrophil function, we conducted flow chamber assays using isolated neutrophils from mice and humans treated with DHA. To assess whether similar effects occur in vivo , we performed intravital microscopy of the TNF-stimulated cremaster muscle. Finally, we employed the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DHA in experimental sepsis, and we applied intravital microscopy to assess cerebral vascular perfusion and the cerebral microcirculation in septic mice. Results We found a significant reduction in neutrophil rolling and adhesion in DHA-treated neutrophils compared to controls in flow chamber assays, which can be mechanistically explained by a substantial reduction in adhesion markers, such as PSGL-1, CD11a, and CXCR4. Next, we employed intravital microscopy in the mouse cremaster muscle, stimulating it with tumor necrosis factor, and found a significant reduction in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in DHA-treated mice, confirming the in vitro flow chamber results. We also used a CLP model of sepsis. We found that DHA treatment ameliorated CLP-related sepsis parameters, including mortality, clinical score, total leukocyte and neutrophil transmigration, cytokine levels in peritoneal exudate, plasma, and brain tissue, and lactate levels. DHA treatment also improved cerebral microcirculatory perfusion and exhibited anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects, reflected by increased plasma and brain tissue resolving D1 and D2 levels. Conclusion Together, we identify DHA as a promising anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent that mitigates sepsis-related vascular dysfunction and prevents organ failure.
Potential of nanoformulations in malaria treatment Janaina Braga Chaves, Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes, Stela Regina Ferrarini, Francisco Noé da Fonseca, Adriana Ribeiro Silva, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022
Oleic acid and lung injury Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Adriana R. Silva, Patrícia Burth, Mauro V. Castro-Faria, Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto Handbook of Lipids in Human Function Fatty Acids, 2016
Leptospira and inflammation C. F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, P. Burth, A. R. Silva, M. Younes-Ibrahim, H. C. Castro-Faria-Neto, et al. Mediators of Inflammation, 2012
Erratum: Identification of an intracellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): LPA is a transcellular PPARγ agonist (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (January 7, 2003) 100:1 (131-136)) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003
Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Protein Kinase C in Rat Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival In Vitro RL Miranda, LC Santos, CF Gonçalves‐de‐Albuquerque, AR Silva, ... European Journal of Neuroscience 63 (4), e70432 , 2026 2026
Omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mitigates inflammatory responses in experimental sepsis (vol 16, 1708348, 2025) BPTD Moraes, I Moraes-de-Souza, GLDS Gomes-Reis, M Ferreira-Costa, ... FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY 17 , 2026 2026
Correction: Omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mitigates inflammatory responses in experimental sepsis BPT Moraes, I Moraes-de-Souza, GLS Gomes-Reis, M Ferreira-Costa, ... Frontiers in Pharmacology 17, 1782326 , 2026 2026
A lipid road to neuroimmunology: Fatty acids linking immune and nervous systems I Moraes-de-Souza, BPT Moraes, R Muniz-Santos, GLS Gomes-Reis, ... Neuroimmunomodulation , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mitigates inflammatory responses in experimental sepsis BPT Moraes, I Moraes-de-Souza, GL de Souza Gomes-Reis, ... Frontiers in Pharmacology 16, 1708348 , 2025 2025
Corrigendum to “Luteolin: A novel approach to fight bacterial infection”[Microb. Pathog. 204 (2025) 107519] MS dos Santos Chagas, CJM Tellis, AR Silva, MASM Brito, AJ Teodoro, ... Microbial Pathogenesis 205, 107743 , 2025 2025
Luteolin: A novel approach to fight bacterial infection MSS Chagas, CJM Tellis, AR Silva, MASM Brito, AJ Teodoro, ... Microbial pathogenesis, 107519 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Bioactive Properties of Murici ( Byrsonima crassifolia ) and Bacuri ( Platonia insignis ) and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Rats RM Martinez, AC Cintra, CORP Almeida, TPB Lima, I Moraes de Souza, ... Journal of Medicinal Food 28 (5), 478-489 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Accumulation of lipid droplets induced by Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages: implications for survival and evasion of innate immunity FS Pereira-Dutra, EK Souza, TS Souza, TC Goltara-Gomes, ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology 116 (6), 1364-1371 , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
Effects of nanocapsules containing lumefantrine and artemether in an experimental model of cerebral malaria BPT de Moraes, KP da Silva, K Paese, AP Sinhorin, SS Guterres, ... Discover Nano 19 (1), 184 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Tiny green army: fighting malaria with plants and nanotechnology I Moraes-de-Souza, BPT de Moraes, AR Silva, SR Ferrarini, ... Pharmaceutics 16 (6), 699 , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
The Na/K-ATPase role as a signal transducer in lung inflammation AR Silva, KFC Souza e Souza, TBD Souza, M Younes-Ibrahim, P Burth, ... Frontiers in immunology 14, 1287512 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Discover Nano BPT de Moraes, KP da Silva, K Paese, AP Sinhorin, SS Guterres, ... 2024
Pro-resolving role of glucagon in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice lung neutrophilia DBR Insuela, MR Ferrero, A da Silva Chaves, D de Sá Coutinho, ... Journal of Endocrinology 259 (1) , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Lipid oxidation dysregulation: an emerging player in the pathophysiology of sepsis R Muniz-Santos, G Lucieri-Costa, MAP Almeida, I Moraes-de-Souza, ... Frontiers in Immunology 14, 1224335 , 2023 2023 Citations: 36
Low dose thymoglobulin versus basiliximab in cytomegalovirus positive kidney transplant recipients: Effectiveness of preemptive cytomegalovirus modified strategy C Montero, N Yomayusa, R Torres, J Cortes, C Alvarez, J Gallo, G Aldana, ... nefrologia 43 (2), 213-223 , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Murici ( Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth and verbascifolia (L.)) and Tapereba ( Spondias mombin ) Improve Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in High-Fat-Diet … VR de Souza, TPB Lima, TP Bedê, SBA Faria, R Alves, A Louzada, ... Foods 12 (2), 255 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Potential of nanoformulations in malaria treatment JB Chaves, B Portugal Tavares de Moraes, S Regina Ferrarini, ... Frontiers in Pharmacology 13, 999300 , 2022 2022 Citations: 27
Mouse model of oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome S de Oliveira Rodrigues, MAP de Almeida, HC Castro-Faria-Neto, ... JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), e63566 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome SO Rodrigues, MA Patricio de Almeida, HC Castro-Faria-Neto, AR Silva, ... JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS , 2022 2022
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Identification of an intracellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): LPA is a transcellular PPARγ agonist TM McIntyre, AV Pontsler, AR Silva, A St. Hilaire, Y Xu, JC Hinshaw, ... Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (1), 131-136 , 2003 2003 Citations: 714
Flavonols and flavones as potential anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds MSS Chagas, MD Behrens, CJ Moragas-Tellis, GXM Penedo, AR Silva, ... Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2022 (1), 9966750 , 2022 2022 Citations: 534
Inflammatory platelet-activating factor-like phospholipids in oxidized low density lipoproteins are fragmented alkyl phosphatidylcholines GK Marathe, SS Davies, KA Harrison, AR Silva, RC Murphy, ... Journal of biological chemistry 274 (40), 28395-28404 , 1999 1999 Citations: 207
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection Induces TLR2-Dependent Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Expression and Activation … PE Almeida, AR Silva, CM Maya-Monteiro, D Töröcsik, H D′ Ávila, ... The Journal of immunology 183 (2), 1337-1345 , 2009 2009 Citations: 203
Mechanisms, pathophysiology and currently proposed treatments of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease SO Rodrigues, CMC Cunha, GMV Soares, PL Silva, AR Silva, ... Pharmaceuticals 14 (10), 979 , 2021 2021 Citations: 200
Host cell lipid bodies triggered by Trypanosoma cruzi infection and enhanced by the uptake of apoptotic cells are associated with prostaglandin E2 generation and increased … H D’Avila, CG Freire-de-Lima, NR Roque, L Teixeira, C Barja-Fidalgo, ... Journal of Infectious Diseases 204 (6), 951-961 , 2011 2011 Citations: 152
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: role of oleic acid‐triggered lung injury and inflammation CF Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, AR Silva, P Burth, MV Castro-Faria, ... Mediators of inflammation 2015 (1), 260465 , 2015 2015 Citations: 139
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1/CC Chemokine Ligand 2 Controls Microtubule-Driven Biogenesis and Leukotriene B 4 -Synthesizing Function of Macrophage … P Pacheco, A Vieira-de-Abreu, RN Gomes, G Barbosa-Lima, ... The Journal of Immunology 179 (12), 8500-8508 , 2007 2007 Citations: 125
Omega‐9 oleic acid, the main compound of olive oil, mitigates inflammation during experimental sepsis IM Medeiros-de-Moraes, CF Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, ARM Kurz, ... Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (1), 6053492 , 2018 2018 Citations: 118
Omega-9 oleic acid induces fatty acid oxidation and decreases organ dysfunction and mortality in experimental sepsis CF Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, IM Medeiros-de-Moraes, FMJ Oliveira, ... PLoS One 11 (4), e0153607 , 2016 2016 Citations: 113
PPAR gamma: from definition to molecular targets and therapy of lung diseases MV Carvalho, CF Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, AR Silva International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (2), 805 , 2021 2021 Citations: 110
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and 5-lipoxygenase products recruit leukocytes in response to platelet-activating factor-like lipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein AR Silva, EF de Assis, LFC Caiado, GK Marathe, MT Bozza, TM McIntyre, ... The Journal of Immunology 168 (8), 4112-4120 , 2002 2002 Citations: 99
PPAR γ Expression and Function in Mycobacterial Infection: Roles in Lipid Metabolism, Immunity, and Bacterial Killing PE Almeida, AB Carneiro, AR Silva, PT Bozza PPAR research 2012 (1), 383829 , 2012 2012 Citations: 97
Lipid bodies in oxidized LDL-induced foam cells are leukotriene-synthesizing organelles: a MCP-1/CCL2 regulated phenomenon AR Silva, P Pacheco, A Vieira-de-Abreu, CM Maya-Monteiro, B D'Alegria, ... Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids … , 2009 2009 Citations: 89
Na/K pump and beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a modulator of apoptosis and autophagy CF Goncalves-de-Albuquerque, AR Silva, CI da Silva, ... Molecules: A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry 22 … , 2017 2017 Citations: 84
Lysophosphatidylcholine and lyso-PAF display PAF-like activity derived from contaminating phospholipids GK Marathe, AR Silva, HCCF Neto, LW Tjoelker, SM Prescott, ... Journal of lipid research 42 (9), 1430-1437 , 2001 2001 Citations: 78
Increased Leishmania replication in HIV-1–infected macrophages is mediated by tat protein through cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis V Barreto-de-Souza, GJ Pacheco, AR Silva, HC Castro-Faria-Neto, ... The Journal of infectious diseases 194 (6), 846-854 , 2006 2006 Citations: 72
Possible mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated lung disease CF Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, AR Silva, P Burth, PRM Rocco, ... International Journal of Medical Microbiology 306 (1), 20-28 , 2016 2016 Citations: 71
Oleic acid induces lung injury in mice through activation of the ERK pathway CF Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, AR Silva, P Burth, IMM de Moraes, ... Mediators of Inflammation 2012 (1), 956509 , 2012 2012 Citations: 69
Leptospira and Inflammation CF Goncalves-de-Albuquerque, P Burth, AR Silva, M Younes-Ibrahim, ... Mediators of inflammation 2012 (1), 317950 , 2012 2012 Citations: 66