Innovation and wage inequalities: Evidence from Brazilian regions Bianca Villamarim de Oliveira, Eduardo Gonçalves, Juliana Gonçalves Taveira Growth and Change, 2024 Innovation can lead to wage inequalities through different channels. This paper explores this relationship, focusing on the direct and spillover (indirect) effects of these channels on personal wage inequalities in Brazilian regions. Product and process innovation are measured by patents and the acquisition of foreign technology through imports of capital goods respectively. Based on data that covers 482 regions from 2003 to 2014, we use the Spatial Durbin Model with spatial fixed effects to control spatial dependence and heterogeneity across regions. The results point to a positive association between our measures of innovation and wage inequalities. However, as we found a non‐linear relationship between imports of capital goods and wage inequality, an increase in imports of capital goods may reduce wage inequality. Other variables may also cause inequality to fall, such as the share of the population with a higher education degree and social skills. Drivers behind an increase in inequality are female participation in the workforce and the level of GDP per capita.
Drivers of gatekeeping in Brazilian inventive network Raquel Coelho Reis, Eduardo Goncalves, Juliana Gonçalves Taveira Revista Portuguesa De Estudos Regionais, 2024 Gatekeepers são atores-chave que conectam diferentes sistemas regionais de inovação e podem ajudar a renovar o conhecimento. Este artigo aborda os atributos de inventores classificados como gatekeepers usando quatro métricas de gatekeeper diferentes. O estudo é baseado em um painel rico e único de 48.022 inventores brasileiros de 2000 a 2012. Como resultado, algumas qualidades comuns de ser um gatekeeper no Brasil se aplicam independentemente das métricas utilizadas, como pertencer a uma instituição de ensino superior/pesquisa, possuir conhecimento em alta tecnologia e ter um nível de educação mais elevado. Dois outros atributos relevantes são possuir conhecimento especializado e pertencer a instituições públicas.
Drivers of scientific-technological production in brazilian higher education and research institutions Maria Gabriela Pinheiro Duarte, Eduardo Gonçalves, Flávia Chein, Juliana Gonçalves Taveira Revista De Economia Contemporanea, 2020 This article estimates a knowledge production function for Brazilian universities, relating their inputs of scientific activity, such as the total of academic and administrative personnel and investments in scientific research, among others, to their outputs, such as the number of publications and patents. The article applies econometric models for count data, such as the Negative Binomial, for the 2003-2011 period. The overall results show that the main determinants of Brazilian scientific and technological production are the size of the university, its nature (whether public or private), the ratio of teaching staff and graduate students, and total investments in research and research support.
The missing link between innovation and performance in Brazilian firms: a panel data approach Juliana Gonçalves Taveira, Eduardo Gonçalves, Ricardo Da Silva Freguglia Applied Economics, 2019 This study aims to verify if there is a positive relationship between innovation and productivity and/or profit in Brazil using a recursive model in line with the Crépon, Duguet and Mairesse (CDM) model. Using a rich combination of three databases, this paper considers a sample of more than 10,000 Brazilian industrial firms and the period 2001–2008. Besides using R&D expenditure as a measure of innovation input, this study also tests the technical-scientific personnel stock as a more appropriate measure of innovative effort in emerging countries. This variable considers the tacit knowledge intrinsic to the worker and corrects a possible measurement error bias in the R&D expenditure variable. The empirical strategy uses a reduced form of the CDM model in a panel data structure to provide consistent estimates as it controls for selectivity, simultaneity and endogeneity due to unobserved firm effects. There are still few studies that apply the CDM model for panel data, especially regarding developing countries. The main results suggest that technical-scientific workers positively affect the firms’ probability to innovate while R&D expenditure has no effect. The results also highlight the absence of the effect of innovation on productivity and profit, suggesting a missing link between innovative efforts and Brazilian firms’ performance.
The Role of Patent Co-inventorship Networks in Regional Inventive Performance Inácio Fernandes de Araújo, Eduardo Gonçalves, Juliana Gonçalves Taveira International Regional Science Review, 2019 Patent co-inventorship networks are important for knowledge acquisition and can influence the innovative performance of regions. However, collaborative networks play a different role depending on the regional characteristics. Thus, we analyze the relationship between the properties of technological collaboration networks and the inventive performance for core and peripheral regions. We also classified the regions using a typology created from their potential to access knowledge in the intra- and interregional networks. The collaborative networks were constructed by means of patent application data for Brazil in the period 2000–2011. The main results show that the external links in the co-inventorship networks are essential for regions that do not have autosufficiency to innovate. Therefore, the regions lagging behind can benefit from the diffusion of knowledge created in core regions by means the interregional collaborations with such regions.
Effect of technological innovation and diffusion on the interindustry mobility of Brazilian workers Juliana Gonçalves Taveira, Eduardo Gonçalves, Ricardo da Silva Freguglia Economia, 2014 This paper aims to investigate the effects of investment in industrial R & D on the mobility of workers between firms and/or industrial sectors in Brazil, considering that the technological gap between the sectors can reduce the propensity for interindustrial labor mobility. Using panel data for the period 2003–2008, constructed from microdata RAIS-Migra and industry data from the Brazilian Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC), the Annual Industrial Survey (PIA) and input–output matrices, we estimate a multinomial logit model with random intercepts (GLLAMM – Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models). The main results show that the technological diffusion increases the chances of changing jobs, the technological variables have greater importance for unskilled workers than for skilled, and among non-intensive technology industries, the technological innovation can have positive impact on interindustrial mobility. Esse artigo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos do investimento em P&D industrial sobre a mobilidade de trabalhadores entre firmas e setores industriais brasileiros, considerando que a distância tecnológica entre os setores pode reduzir a propensão à mobilidade intersetorial de trabalhadores. Com o uso de um painel de dados para o período de 2003–2008, construído a partir de microdados da RAIS-Migra e de dados setoriais provenientes da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC), da Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA) e de matrizes de insumo-produto estimou-se o modelo logit multinomial com interceptos aleatórios (GLLAMM - Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models). Os principais resultados obtidos mostram que: a difusão tecnológica aumenta as chances de mudança de emprego; variáveis tecnológicas possuem maior importância para os trabalhadores não qualificados do que para os qualificados; e, entre os setores não intensivos em tecnologia, uma inovação pode ter impacto positivo sobre a mobilidade intersetorial.
