Flood Susceptibility Mapping of Kolkata Municipal Corporation: Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model of GIS and AHP Techniques V. Goutham, M. Reddy Madhusudhan, K. T. Padma Priya, R. Kumar Sai, Gowsya Shaik, Salla Arun Tejadhar Reddy Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 2025 Flood susceptibility mapping is a vital tool for effective disaster management and urban planning, particularly in regions experiencing recurrent flooding.This study assesses flood susceptibility in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) area, covering 206.08 km 2 with a population of approximately 4.6 million (2011 census), using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach.The analysis combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a Weighted Overlay Technique (WOT) within a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework.Kolkata's location is in the lowermost riparian zone of the Ganga Basin, along with its exposure to Himalayan River inflows, cyclonic storms, drainage congestion, embankment failures, and persistent waterlogging, makes it highly vulnerable to flooding.The methodology involves three major stages which includes data collection, preparation of thematic layers, and parameter weighting using AHP.Thematic maps were generated for key flood-influencing factors, including elevation, slope, aspect, drainage density, flow accumulation, flow direction, topographic wetness index (TWI), proximity to rivers, annual rainfall, land use/land cover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface roughness, and contour characteristics.Flood susceptibility was classified into five zones such as very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.AHP-derived weights highlight precipitation, proximity to rivers, and LULC as dominant contributors, followed by elevation, TWI, NDVI, slope, proximity to roads, drainage density, and aspect.Model performance was quantitatively validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis based on historical flood occurrence data.The resulting Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.89 indicates very good predictive accuracy and strong agreement between predicted susceptibility zones and observed flood locations.The inclusion of ROC-based validation, along with acceptable consistency ratio values from AHP, enhances the reliability and transparency of the analysis.The findings provide a robust decision-support framework for urban planners and disaster management authorities to prioritize mitigation strategies and improve flood resilience in Kolkata.
Information communication technology (ICT) based business correspondence model: A growing avenue for ensuring financial inclusion in rural India Gowsya Shaik, P. Raja Babu International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019 There is a genuine demand for finance requirement in the remote rural areas, absence of formal banking forced private lenders exploit the rural public. Government of India made several attempts towards financial inclusion of the poor, since independence, particularly in rural areas. Lack of financial literacy and no bank branch operation in their remote location restrains them to have access to formal banking. To overcome these constraints the RBI introduced ICT based Business Correspondences as agent to undertake banking activity in the year 2006.Though BC model was successfully performing well, but the growth and share of Business correspondence decreasing gradually. Further, penetration of the usage of mobile technology even in the remote rural areas opens positively for the successful performance of BCs in rural. Hence this research paper is a descriptive study which focuses on understanding BCs as a growing avenue for ensuring financial inclusion in Rural India.
Impact of financial inclusion strategies for sustainable development of economy (With reference to Andhra Pradesh) International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Micro insurance - mechanism and opportunities for the sustainable development of indian economy International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
Evaluating and implementing strategies: Technogoly based financial inclusion International Journal of Engineering and Technology Uae, 2018