Sustainable photocatalyst fabrication from Silau River-derived SiO2: PVA/TiO2/SiO2 for water purification Moraida Hasanah, Andriono Manalu, Dian Puspitasari, Intan Zahar, Rey Zhulyan, Naqib Mushlih, Hilda Ayu Marlina Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2025 Silau River, Indonesia, is a river with areas along its banks used for fishing, factories, and transportation to the sea. The sand from the Silau River is a valuable resource that can be extracted to produce SiO 2 , with substantial availability. This study aims to extract SiO 2 from Silau River sand and modify it using PVA and TiO 2 materials as a photocatalyst for water purification. The extraction of SiO 2 from the sand was carried out using the coprecipitation method. The PVA/TiO 2 /SiO 2 composite membrane was synthesized by combining a simple mixing technique for filler preparation with mixing and solidification processes to form the composite membrane. Instruments used in this study include a Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and UV–Vis Spectroscopy. All characterization results indicate that PVA/TiO₂/SiO₂ has been successfully synthesized in every composition variation. The PVA/80 % TiO₂/20 % SiO₂ composite demonstrated the most effective performance, achieving 65.1 % color degradation in river water within 10 hours. Furthermore, the river water parameters, including TDS, turbidity, pH, Cr, Fe, and Mg, which initially failed to meet quality standards, improved after treatment with this composite, enabling the water to meet the quality standards outlined in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management.
Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of composite board based on palm frond fibers and feather clam shells Intan Zahar, Moraida Hasanah, Ali Hasimi Pane, Nur Esa Fahrizar, Nini Dea Mirabel, Hilda Ayu Marlina Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2025 Research on natural composite boards with polyester has been completed.In this study, composite boards were fabricated using palm frond fiber (PFF) and feather clam shell (FCS) combined with polyester.The mass ratios (%) of PFF:FCS:polyester investigated were 55:20:25, 45:30:25, 35:40:25, 25:50:25, and 15:60:25.The composite board manufacturing process involved pressing for 20 minutes at a pressure of 30 kg/m and a temperature of 70 C.Physical parameters observed included density, porosity, and water absorption, while mechanical properties assessed comprised compressive strength, impact resistance, tensile strength, and flexural strength.Additionally, microstructural analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal properties were evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The results indicated that the optimum composition of 15% PFF, 60% FCS, and 25% polyester (Sample 5) produced composite boards with a density of 1.511 g/cm and a DSC value of 55.03 mW.The mechanical properties at this composition showed a compressive strength of 0.133 kgf/mm, a tensile strength of 0.032 kgf/mm, and an impact resistance of 1.6 J/ mm.SEM analysis revealed that the composite board with the 15:60:25 ratio (Sample 5) exhibited the highest distribution and homogeneity of its components.Compared to conventional wood-based materials, the composite boards demonstrated superior strength-to-weight ratios, resistance to water absorption, and thermal stability, making them highly durable and cost-effective.Additionally, the use of PFF and FCS provides a sustainable alternative by utilizing agricultural and marine waste, contributing to environmental conservation.According to JIS A 5905:2003 standards, the fabricated composite board from PFF and FCS combined with polyester in this study are categorized as "Hard Boards," making them a viable alternative to wood for furniture applications such as tables and chairs.
Optimation of ozone capacity produced by DBD plasma reactor: Dedicated for cold storage I Zahar, Sumariyah, E Yuliyanto, F Arianto, Yuliani, M Puspita, M Nur Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2019 The optimation of ozone production generator that used for cold storage has been done. Ozone generator was constructed by using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor with single pyrex dielectic. Plasma was generated by HV AC with voltage from 0.5 kV to 11 kV, and frequence of 1 kHZ. This research was conducted in two treatment namely control treatment and ozone treatment by tuna fish, milkfish and shrimp. Ozone treatment are stored into Cold Storage (2 m x 2 m x 2.5 m), temperature (2°C-8°C) with average concentration of ozone distributed into the cold storage for 24 points is 6.2 ppm ± 0,14 ppm. The result showed that the optimum to generate ozone by using variations of power input, air flow rate. we obtained that the highest efficiency of 320 grams / kWh and ozone capacity of 65 grams / hour at 15 L / min flow rate with an input power of 210 watts. The concentration of dissolved ozone in the water containing fish and shrimp is almost the same that is equal to 2 ppm ozone flow for 60 minutes with ozone generator production capacity of 65 gram/hour. We test proximate of milkfish, tuna fish, and white shrimp that storaged in cold room (2°C-8°C), and we found that until days 15 still meet SNI 01-2729.1-2006, as fresh fish and shrimp.
Effect of duty cycle on ozone production using DBDP cylindrical reactor E Yulianto, R Aryadi, I Zahar, E Sasmita, M Restiwijaya, AW Kinandana, F Arianto, M Nur Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2019 Ozone production using DBDP technology used pulse high voltage to generate ozone. The duty cycle has been used the variations of 10%, 30%, 50%, 60% of the 350 Hz as installed frequency. The DBDP reactor constructed by using cylinder-cylindrical electrode configuration. The inner electrode was made by stainless steel mesh with a length of 19 cm, and the outer electrode was aluminum foil with a length of 19 cm. The barrier was made of tube pyrex glass. Ozone is generated utilizing air as an oxygen-containing gas source with atmospheric pressure and a flow rate of 10 L/minute. The results show that using 10% of the duty cycle produces a maximum output voltage of 5 kV, the resulting ozone concentration of 67 ppm. The 30% cycle produces a maximum output voltage of 7.7 kV and ozone production with a concentration of 115.2 ppm. The 50% duty cycle produces a maximum output voltage of 10 kV with an ozone concentration of 134.4 ppm. The 60% duty cycle is capable of generating a maximum output voltage of 10.77 kV with an ozone concentration generated from 160.8 ppm. We found that using 60% duty cycle is capable of producing high concentrations and ozone capacity.
Comparison of ozone production by DBDP reactors: Difference external electrodes E Yulianto, I Zahar, AZ Zain, E Sasmita, M Restiwijaya, AW Kinandana, F Arianto, M Nur Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2019 Research on ozone generator performance technology of dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) has been conducted. The study was carried out by using two models of reactor configuration. The first model uses a wire mesh - aluminum foil configuration. The second model uses the wire mesh electrode configuration - wire mesh wrapped in aluminum foil. Ozone was generated using AC high Voltage. Oxygen that source of ozone has been taken from the water. The ozone was produced by DBDP reactor with voltage variation from 0.5 to 14 kV and a fixed air flow rate of 10 L / min. The first models of the reactor was Be Able to produce ozone of 138 ppm at a voltage of 14.3 kV with a maximum temperature of the inner reactor at 49 ° C. The second model of ozone produced with concentration of 163 ppm at a voltage of 14.2 kV and a maximum temperature of the inner reactor of 52 ° C. We found that reactor with wire mesh electrode configuration - wire mesh wrapped in aluminum foil can produce more high ozone concentration with the same voltage.
Ozone immersion treatment to increase the shelf life of Tuna fish, milk fish, and shrimp in a cold storage system Y Yuliani, M Puspita, M Nur, T W Agustini, E Yulianto, A I Susan, I Zahar, B Suraya Iop Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 2018 The use of ozone in the preservation of fish with cold storage system is considered effective to extend the shelf life of fish by maintaining its nutritional value. Ozone which is as bacteriocidal with a combination of cold storage method, where the method can inactivate bacteria, so the combination of methods can extend the shelf life of fish. This study aims to determine the effect of ozone applications on the storage of tuna fish, milkfish, and shrimp. This research was conducted by dividing tuna fish, milkfish, and shrimp into 2 groups of control and immersion treatment which was ozone every day with dissolved ozone concentration 1.5 ppm - 2.5 ppm. Both treatments are stored into cold storage with temperature 2-8°C for ± 2 weeks. Parameters observed: organoleptic value (SNI 2729: 2013), TPC (Total Plate Count), TVBN (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen) to control samples and ozone immersion. The results showed that tuna with ozone immersion treatment can be accepted organoleptically until day 15 and at day 16 value of TPC and TVBN respectively 21.40 mgN / 100g and 1.1 × 107 CFU / g, but the control treatment can only survive until day 4 with a value of TPC and TVBN 10.32 mgN / 100g and 5.3 × 106 CFU / g. This study shows that fish storage by immersion in ozone water with cold storage can maintain the freshness of the fish.
Determination of ozone distribution in fish cold storage dedicated plasma ozone technology Intan Zahar, Yuliani Yuliani, Eko Yulianto, Meliza Meliza, Ade Ika Susan, Sumariyah Sumariyah, Muhammad Nur Matec Web of Conferences, 2018 Research on the distribution of ozone in a cold storage has been done. This cold storage is equipped with an ozone piping system. Ozone inserts to the cold storage was generated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The reactor is made of two stainless steel mesh wire cylindrical electrodes and a barried by a pyrex tube. The pipes are hollowed so that ozone can be distributed into cold storage. The distribution of ozone in cold storage is determined by placing a petri dish in twenty-four different points. Ozone that inserted to storage (10 cubic meters) with a capacity of 40 grams/hour. The inserting of ozone into cold storage was done with four different lengths of time wich are 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Ozone distribution in storage was almost the same at each measurement points. The most influential in the distribution is the time. We found that the distribution of ozone into storage with average ozone concentration of 4.3, 6.3, 4.6, and 4.0 ppm with time 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes respectively. Futhermore, we also dissolve the ozone into the water in the tank in the same storage with temperature (2-8)0C. We found that the concentration of dissolved ozone in the water without samples was always greater than that of the existing fish and shrimp samples, with various dissolution times between (30-120) minutes at 30 minutes intervals. Cold storage dedicated ozone was used to store fish used to store tuna, milkfish and shrimp. With ozone immersion of fish in ozone-soluble water can maintain fish quality for 16 days.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Analysis and Application for Processing Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Muhammad Nur, Yovita Asri Amelia, Fajar Arianto, Andi Wibowo Kinandana, Intan Zahar, Ade Ika Susan, Jujur Pratama Wibawa Procedia Engineering, 2017 Analysis of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor electrically has been done. DBD as low-temperature plasma was used on liquid wastewater palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. The dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor consists of electrodes in the stainless made of screw rod with a length of 40 cm and diameter of 1.84 cm and outer electrode as winding coil with a diameter of 2.25 cm. The outer electrode was made of copper wire windings with a diameter of 0.87 mm that was wrapped in a Pyrex tube with 0.25 cm thick, with a 20 mm inner diameter and tube length of 30 cm. Plasma reactor purged with argon gas discharge flow at 4 L/min which was connected to an AC voltage of 4 kV and frequency of 15 kHz. POME was inserted into the reactor by the time variation of 0, 30, and 60 minutes. The most optimal results in 60 minutes with a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value of 115.62 mg/L or still 18% compare with an initial and TSS value of 1018 mg /L or rest 85%. We also determined the charges carrier mobility by using modified Robinson Equation, and we found that average mobility with samples is always high than average mobility without samples.
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