Photonic crystal fiber, plasmonics, sensors, few mode fiber, and fiber laser
FUTURE PROJECTS
Fiber laser
Applications Invited
Bending sensor
Applications Invited
66
Scopus Publications
1670
Scholar Citations
20
Scholar h-index
29
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
A Highly Sensitive WS2 Quantum Dots Nanocoated Surface Plasmonic Resonance Based Side Polished Fiber Sensor for Detection of Parkinson's Disease J. Mohanraj, M. Valliammai, Lung-Jieh Yang, Gulothungan G, N. Ayyanar, Jeyanthi P IEEE Sensors Letters, 2026 In this letter, we propose a highly sensitive evanescent field based side polished fiber (SPF) biosensor nano-coated with tungsten disulfide (WS<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) quantum dots (QDs) for the label-free detection of Parkinson's disease (PD). alpha-synuclein (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>-syn) is identified as a key biomarker for early and rapid diagnosis of PD. The sensing mechanism relies on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based interaction between the evanescent field in the anti-<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>-syn antibodies immobilized on the (WS<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) QDs and side polished fiber region. The proposed biosensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 85% with a limit of detection (LOD) around 0.517 fg/mL. A maximum SPR wavelength shift of 97.62nm was observed at an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>-syn concentration of 10<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{5}$</tex-math></inline-formula> fg/mL. Further, the proposed biosensor exhibits an excellent selectivity toward <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>-syn compared to potential interfering proteins such as Amyloid-beta (A<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$</tex-math></inline-formula>42) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Thus, the proposed WS<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> QDs nano-coated SPF biosensor is a promising platform for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and preclinical assessment of PD.
Interpretable Pruned SpinalNet Network Regressor for Directional Bend Sensing Behavior Prediction of Dumbbell-Core Fiber Sensor S. Sridevi, P. Anandan, N. Ayyanar, Yanhua Luo IEEE Sensors Journal, 2026 Refractive index-insensitive direction bend sensors made of specialty microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) play important roles in structural health monitoring robotics, medical sensing, IoT, aeronautics, and underwater technologies. However sensor performance optimization is computationally expensive to optimize through Finite Element Method (FEM) based COMSOL simulations. Hence this research focuses on contriving a significant feature pruned Interpretable SpinalNet Neural network regression model to predict the optical transmission spectrum of a fabricated dumbbell-shaped dual-core MOF bend sensor. Initially the baseline Dense neural network regressor with 47,809 trainable parameters trained on MOF fabricated sensor experimental dataset without augmentation achieved an R<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> score of 0.9218. After Autoencoder based data augmentation the model’s R<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> score was increased to 0.9480 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.9443 to 0.9515. A baseline SpinalNet regressor model trained on augmented dataset by gradually feeding the input feature representations at successive stages was able to achieve an R<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> score of 0.9729 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.9703 to 0.9752, though it required 88,065 trainable parameters. A more efficient Tuned SpinalNet variant regressor built with hyperparameter tuning presented a superior predictive performance with an R<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> score of 0.9748 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.9723–0.9772 with only 50,689 parameters. In addition, interpreting and identifying the significant feature was performed with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) approach, paved a way to contrive a feature pruned regressor variant namely Interpretable Pruned SpinalNet model with competitively high R<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> score of about 0.9736 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.9721 to 0.9770 by comprising only 44,545 trainable parameters. Surprisingly, the proposed model demonstrated strong generalization when evaluated on an unseen data set for the bend radius of 3.79 mm. Thus, the proposed Interpretable pruned SpinalNet model offers an efficient, fast and precise method to characterize the sensing behavior of real-time MOF bend sensor.
Exploratory analysis of protein detection using refractive index in a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal Nambi Ramachary Ramanujam, Sana Ben Khalifa, Saleh Chebaane, Natesan Ayyanar, Julia S Skibina, Taoufik Saidani Journal of Optics United Kingdom, 2025 This study investigates the highly sensitive detection capabilities of albumin using a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal. A novel biophotonic sensor is proposed featuring a cavity layer sandwiched between five identical periods of ternary layers composed of MgF2/Si/PSi on each side. The transfer matrix method is employed to examine the sensing parameters based on the transmission characteristics of the proposed sensor. A defect mode emerges in the transmission spectrum when the sample infiltrates the cavity layer. The performance of the biosensor is evaluated by noting the shift in the position of the defect mode, which is dependent on the concentration and varies with the refractive index of the sample. The effects of variations in the incident angle and the thickness of the cavity layer for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization are carefully investigated to achieve the highest sensor sensitivity. For the proposed structure, a high sensitivity of 2009.64 nm RI U − 1 and a limit of detection of 9.698 × 10−7 RIU are achieved, surpassing recent efforts in this research area. Additionally, the proposed device’s affordability, real-time detection capabilities, and simple construction favor the development of an effective device using straightforward techniques.
Machine Learning Based Modeling of Electrical Characteristics in Triangular Gate FinFETs for Low Power Electronics M. Hemalatha, N. B. Balamurugan, M. Suguna, N. Ayyanar International Journal of Numerical Modelling Electronic Networks Devices and Fields, 2025 Modeling and optimization of devices play a critical role in the management of product quality and the advancement of technology within the industrial sector. With the advent of novel devices and the progression of technology, these devices exhibit a multitude of interrelated factors and demonstrate a nonlinear correlation. Triangular Gate (TG) FinFETs technology has emerged as a possible alternative for addressing the limitations of traditional planar transistors in present integrated circuits (ICs). This paper presents an effective data‐driven Multiobjective Optimization (MOO) with evolutionary computation (EC) techniques. By using these techniques, TG FinFETs enables the automated identification of optimal design that balances the transistor speed, power, and variability. To assist in the design of TG FinFETs, this study integrated two popular MOO techniques such as PAL and NSGA‐III. These algorithms effectively handle the complicated trade‐offs between diverse objectives and allow for efficient and effective TG FinFETs design optimization.
Numerical Design of a High-Sensitivity SPR Biosensor for Spike and Nucleoprotein RBD Detection in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics N. Ayyanar, M. Kamaleshwar, N. R. Ramanujam, G. Thavasi Raja, Julia S. Skibina, Fahad A. Alzahrani IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2025 In this study, we present a surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensor design utilizing a bimetallic prism configuration composed of silver (Ag) and nickel (Ni) for spike and nucleoprotein RBD detection in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The sensor’s performance is enhanced by black phosphorus (BP), a 2-D nanomaterial known for its superior biomolecule adsorption, which improves the interaction between bioanalytes and the sensor surface. Key performance metrics, including sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), figure of merit (FOM), and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), are comprehensively evaluated. The sensor’s design is optimized by adjusting the thicknesses of Ag, Ni, and barium titanate (BaTiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>) layers. The optimal configuration consists of a 40-nm Ag layer, a 9-nm Ni layer, an 11-nm BaTiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layer, and a monolayer of BP, achieving the highest sensitivity of 533°/RIU for spike RBD and 525°/RIU for nucleoprotein RBD. The device further demonstrates a DA of 0.325 1/° for the spike RBD and 0.255 1/° for the nucleoprotein RBD, with corresponding FOM of 115 RIU<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> and 108 RIU<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup>, respectively. This setup also demonstrated excellent DA, FWHM, and FOM, making it ideal for real-time, label-free detection applications. The proposed sensor shows great potential, particularly in detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus, highlighting its suitability for clinical diagnostic use.
Photonic crystal fibre-based surface plasmon filter realization C. Gunasekaran, N. Ayyanar, G. Thavasi Raja, R. Mohan Proceedings of the 2019 Teqip III Sponsored International Conference on Microwave Integrated Circuits Photonics and Wireless Networks Imicpw 2019, 2019
A Highly Sensitive WS Quantum Dots Nanocoated Surface Plasmonic Resonance Based Side Polished Fiber Sensor for Detection of Parkinson's Disease J Mohanraj, M Valliammai, LJ Yang, N Ayyanar IEEE Sensors Letters , 2026 2026
Interpretable Pruned SpinalNet Network regressor for Directional Bend sensing behavior prediction of Dumbbell-Core Fiber Sensor S Sridevi, P Anandan, N Ayyanar, Y Luo IEEE Sensors Journal , 2026 2026
Elucidating the absorption and performance of acetone gas sensor detection using ITO coated D-shape optical fiber at visible region NAM Zainuddin, CS Ping, LS Supian, SW Harun, R Zakaria, LK Yuen, ... Optical and Quantum Electronics 57 (12), 659 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Tunable All-Optical Logic Gates Using Chalcogenide Phase Change Materials in Photonic Crystal H Pakarzadeh Fiber and Integrated Optics 44 (6), 569-588 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Study review of optical biosensors based on 2D materials P Sangeetha, N Ayyanar, G Prabhakar, S Rajaram Plasmonics 20 (9), 7155-7169 , 2025 2025 Citations: 19
Numerical Design of a High-Sensitivity SPR Biosensor for Spike and Nucleoprotein RBD Detection in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics N Ayyanar, M Kamaleshwar, NR Ramanujam, GT Raja, JS Skibina, ... IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Exploratory analysis of protein detection using refractive index in a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal NR Ramanujam, S Ben Khalifa, S Chebaane, N Ayyanar, JS Skibina, ... Journal of Optics 27 (4), 045302 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Bovine serum albumin sensor based on dual asymmetric core photonic crystal fiber S Ramya, MM Kumaran, N Ayyanar, FA Alzahrani Journal of Optics, 1-10 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Machine Learning Based Modeling of Electrical Characteristics in Triangular Gate FinFETs for Low Power Electronics M Hemalatha, NB Balamurugan, M Suguna, N Ayyanar International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
GST-based surface plasmon resonance reconfigurable biosensor for detection of human sperm N Ayyanar, GN Rani, K Dharshini, G Madhumita, NR Ramanujam, ... Plasmonics 20 (3), 1261-1271 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Surface plasmon resonance sensor with 2D materials for enhanced refractive index detection of chemical pollutants in seawater VN Kannan, G Prabhakar, N Ayyanar Optik 321, 172157 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
Refractive insensitive directional bend sensor based on specialty microstructure optical fiber with dumbbell shape core Y Luo, C Zhao, B Yan, A Natesan, V Dhasarathan, X Sun, W Chen, ... Optics & Laser Technology 180, 111424 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Design of low loss THz dual guided photonic crystal fiber with supporting of 68 OAM modes and 8 LP modes N Ayyanar, S Ramya, S Rajaram, FA Alzahrani Optical and Quantum Electronics 56 (10), 1573 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Protein detection using hollow core microstructured optical fiber N Ayyanar, SS Konnova, AA Zanishevskaya, PA Lepilin, AA Shuvalov, ... IEEE Sensors Journal 24 (20), 32172-32178 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
5G and Fiber Optics Security Technologies for Smart Grid Cyber Defense G Prabhakar, N Ayyanar, S Rajaram IGI Global , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Ultra-low loss compact active TM mode pass polarizer using phase change material in silicon waveguide V Nishanthika, A Natesan, JS RG, R Siva Journal of Optics 26 (6), 065004 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Design of THz photonic crystal fiber based biosensor for detection of brain tissues and behavior characterization with Machine learning approach KR Deepa, S Padma, S Sridevi, N Ayyanar Optical and Quantum Electronics 56 (3), 430 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Design and Fabrication of a Softrobotic Gripper for Involving Underwater Vehicles in Seaweed Farming P Gunasekaran, S Meenakshi, A Jainulafdeen, N Ayyanar, R Murugesan Modeling, Simulation, and Control of AI Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 95-108 , 2024 2024
Fem based soft robotic gripper design for seaweed farming S Meenakshi, G Prabhakar, N Ayyanar, PN Pugazhenthi 2023 International Conference on Energy, Materials and Communication … , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Highly bend compensated large mode area segmented cladding fiber with high index circular multitrench in core S Eswaramoorthy, N Ayyanar, G Thavasi Raja, FA Alzahrani Optical and Quantum Electronics 55 (14), 1219 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Photonic crystal fiber-based refractive index sensor for early detection of cancer N Ayyanar, GT Raja, M Sharma, DS Kumar IEEE sensors journal 18 (17), 7093-7099 , 2018 2018 Citations: 289
Salinity sensor using photonic crystal fiber D Vigneswaran, N Ayyanar, M Sharma, M Sumathi, M Rajan, K Porsezian Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 269, 22-28 , 2018 2018 Citations: 163
Highly efficient compact temperature sensor using liquid infiltrated asymmetric dual elliptical core photonic crystal fiber N Ayyanar, RVJ Raja, D Vigneswaran, B Lakshmi, M Sumathi, ... Optical Materials 64, 574-582 , 2017 2017 Citations: 97
A review on various sensing prospects of SPR based photonic crystal fibers S Singh, B Chaudhary, A Upadhyay, D Sharma, N Ayyanar, SA Taya Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications 54, 101119 , 2023 2023 Citations: 85
Tricore photonic crystal fibre based refractive index sensor for glucose detection A Natesan, KP Govindasamy, TR Gopal, V Dhasarathan, AH Aly IET Optoelectronics 13 (3), 118-123 , 2019 2019 Citations: 84
D-glucose sensor using photonic crystal fiber H Thenmozhi, MSM Rajan, V Devika, D Vigneswaran, N Ayyanar Optik 145, 489-494 , 2017 2017 Citations: 82
Hydrostatic pressure sensor using high birefringence photonic crystal fibers N Ayyanar, D Vigneswaran, M Sharma, M Sumathi, MSM Rajan, S Konar IEEE Sensors Journal 17 (3), 650-656 , 2016 2016 Citations: 81
Graphene-based metasurface refractive index biosensor for hemoglobin detection: machine learning assisted optimization SK Patel, J Surve, J Parmar, A Natesan, V Katkar IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 22 (2), 430-437 , 2022 2022 Citations: 76
Graphene-based refractive index sensor using machine learning for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria J Parmar, SK Patel, V Katkar, A Natesan IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 22 (1), 92-98 , 2022 2022 Citations: 72
Photonic crystal fiber-based reconfigurable biosensor using phase change material N Ayyanar, KV Sreekanth, GT Raja, MSM Rajan IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience 20 (3), 338-344 , 2021 2021 Citations: 60
Detection of moisture content in transformer oil using platinum coated on D-shaped optical fiber SFAZ Yusoff, MH Mezher, IS Amiri, N Ayyanar, D Vigneswaran, H Ahmad, ... Optical Fiber Technology 45, 115-121 , 2018 2018 Citations: 53
Photonic crystal-based biosensor for detection of human red blood cells parasitized by plasmodium falciparum A Rashidnia, H Pakarzadeh, M Hatami, N Ayyanar Optical and Quantum Electronics 54 (1), 38 , 2022 2022 Citations: 44
Detection of blood glucose with hemoglobin content using compact photonic crystal fiber D Vijayalakshmi, CT Manimegalai, N Ayyanar, D Vigneswaran, ... IEEE transactions on NanoBioscience 20 (4), 436-443 , 2021 2021 Citations: 40
Design and performance analysis of reconfigurable 1D photonic crystal biosensor employing Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) for detection of women reproductive hormones A Panda, D Vigneswaran, PD Pukhrambam, N Ayyanar, TK Nguyen IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 21 (1), 21-28 , 2021 2021 Citations: 33
Graphene-assisted tunable D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor in the visible and IR regions H Pakarzadeh, V Sharif, D Vigneswaran, N Ayyanar Journal of the Optical Society of America B 39 (6), 1490-1496 , 2022 2022 Citations: 28
Deep learning based data augmentation and behavior prediction of photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor S Sridevi, T Kanimozhi, N Ayyanar, S Chugh, M Valliammai, J Mohanraj IEEE Sensors Journal 22 (7), 6832-6839 , 2022 2022 Citations: 28
Human teeth disease detection using refractive index based surface plasmon resonance biosensor MK Alam, V Dhasarathan, A Natesan, R Nambi, MU Zaman, KK Ganji, ... Coatings 12 (10), 1398 , 2022 2022 Citations: 27
Enhanced sensitivity of hemoglobin sensor using dual-core photonic crystal fiber N Ayyanar, AE Khalil, MFO Hameed, G Thavasi Raja, SSA Obayya Optical and Quantum Electronics, 453 , 2018 2018 Citations: 27
Investigation of transmission properties in defective one dimensional superconductive photonic crystal for ultralow level bioethanol detection A Panda, PD Pukhrambam, N Ayyanar, TK Nguyen Optik 245, 167733 , 2021 2021 Citations: 26
Numerical characterization of 1D-Photonic crystal waveguide for female reproductive hormones sensing applications NR Ramanujam, A Panda, P Yupapin, A Natesan, P Prabpal Physica B: Condensed Matter 639, 414011 , 2022 2022 Citations: 22