Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
55
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Design and Analysis of a Reconfigurable Multifunctional Frequency Selective Surface Balraj Baskaran, Bidisha Dasgupta Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Communication Computing and Electronics Systems Iccces 2026, 2026 This work presents the design and electromagnetic analysis of a reconfigurable frequency selective surface capable of dynamically switching its frequency response through electronic control. The proposed FSS unit cell, realized on an FR4 substrate (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon r=4.4$</tex>, thickness <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$=1.0 ~\text{mm}$</tex>), consists of a periodic hybrid ring-disk metallic structure integrated with four PIN diodes to enable dual state operation. By adjusting the diode biasing, the surface exhibits tunable reflection and transmission behavior over the X- to Ka-band range. The structure offers an excellent frequency tuning ratio, indicating its strong reconfigurability. Full-wave simulations reveal a high level of reflection suppression with minimal transmission loss. The operating frequency remains highly stable, showing only a slight deviation across the tuning range under oblique incidence up to 75° for both TE and TM polarizations. Electric field and surface current distributions confirm the switching mechanism responsible for the dual state resonance behavior. The compact <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$3 ~\text{mm} \times 3 ~\text{mm}$</tex> FSS provides a simple, planar and electronically controllable design suitable for adaptive electromagnetic shielding, filtering and communication system applications.
Energy Flow Management using Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converters for SoC-based G2V/V2G Operations in Electric Vehicles Balraj B, Midhun K Proceedings of International Conference on Modern Sustainable Systems Cmss 2025, 2025 The bidirectional converter is fundamental for Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operations in Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. This method permits the vehicle’s battery pack to act as a conveyed energy source moreover. It encourages the concept of a shrewd framework which permits EVs to operate as versatile energy capacity devices that improve framework steadiness, encourage stack adjusting, and permit for the integration of renewable energy sources. Various bidirectional converter sorts, counting AC-DC-AC and DC-DC converters as well as more progressed variations, can be utilized in electric vehicle applications. The choice and setup of the converter are decided by the particular prerequisites of the vehicle, taking efficiency, size, and fetched into consideration. These converters not only manage bidirectional power flow but also ensure voltage and current regulation amid changing load and supply conditions. They empower seamless transitioning between motoring and regenerative modes of operation. This paper examines the operational and control methodology of a configurable bidirectional buck-boost converter for three-phase acceptance engine applications. The converter is controlled to adapt to both driving and braking conditions, enhancing the energy usage and performance of the EV. In electric vehicles, taking into consideration the battery’s State-of-Charge (SoC) is basic for ensuring ideal operation and life cycle support. The paper moreover presents Simulink comes about for both motoring and recovery modes, illustrating the converter's viability beneath assorted working conditions. This strategy underpins the advancement of next-generation EV frameworks and smart grid integration.
Enhancing Wind Power Efficiency Through Smart Generation and Real-Time Voltage Monitoring Balraj B, Archana S, Muhamed Fayaz F, Sajudheen Y Proceedings of International Conference on Modern Sustainable Systems Cmss 2025, 2025 This article brings a smart system for the real time voltage monitoring for the wind turbine in the real time. It taps into the power of the Node MCU V3 microcontroller and the Blynk IoT platform. Its implementation does this with a careful setup using a 1000 RPM generator and a potentiometer. The Node MCU V3 is the brain of the operation. The turbine's voltage output is continuously monitored using an analog input that detects the sensor's signal voltage. After capturing this information, the system converts it into electrical data using the system’s built-in analog to digital converter. The transformed data is then delivered via Wi-Fi to the Blynk IoT platform. The user-friendly mobile application can conveniently display the voltage reading sent to it. The captured data keeps track of the electrical energy produced by the windmill when the windmill is rotating. Energy is then stored in a battery for later use. This energy can be used for charging the EV vehicles. It is stored in the rechargeable battery so we can easily replace the battery. The system improves the windmill, which works with the generator to transform wind energy into electrical energy. By dynamically adjust output by using the potentiometer The system is based on IoT-enabled designs provide a scalable and adaptable structure for the future. The system can be very efficiently to generate the energy. This acts as a basic step towards refined monitoring and development of control solutions for renewable energy applications, which shows the capacity of IoT technology to continue the integration of permanent energy sources into the network. The development of such systems is important for a cleaner and more durable energy for the future of transition.
Green Sonochemical Synthesis of rGO Nanosheets-Decorated by SnO2 Nanoparticles for Nitrogen Gas-Sensing Applications Kiruthika Sundaramoorthi, Uma Jagadesan, Balraj Baskaran, Siva Chidambaram Physica Status Solidi A Applications and Materials Science, 2024 In recent years, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis methods for nanomaterials has gained significant attention in various research fields, particularly in gas‐sensing applications. Among these methods, ultrasonic synthesis stands out for its simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and ecofriendly nature. Herein, a simple and green ultrasonic synthesis process is used to synthesize the SnO2 nanoparticles‐decorated rGO nanosheets. The obtained X‐ray diffraction reveals the tetragonal rutile‐type crystal structure. The transmission electron microscopy images reveal the decoration of SnO2 nanoparticles on the surfaces of the rGO sheets. SnO2 nanoparticles of size 4–8 nm are identified on the surfaces of the rGO sheets. Furthermore, the optical absorbance and photoluminescence spectra of the nanocomposites validate charge migrations occurring at the interface of SnO2 and the rGO sheets. Compared to the pristine SnO2 nanoparticles, the green ultrasonically synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles‐decorated SnO2/rGO nanocomposite exhibits better sensing performance against NO2 gas and shows selectivity for NO2 gas at 200 °C. The SnO2/rGO nanocomposite demonstrates high NO2 sensing with appealing sensing properties such as excellent responsiveness (67% at 400 °C), rapid reaction time (18 s), and short recovery time (25 s).
Yielding Power from Dissipation of Dense Materials K. Rajangam, M. Mithra, B. Monisa, S. Monisha, T. Oveya, B. Balraj 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems Icaccs 2019, 2019
