Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy, Materials Science
27
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Dissolved Gas Analysis on POME-Based Nanofluids S. M. W. Masra, Y. Z. Arief, E. Musa, N. I. Hashim, N. Junaidi, S. Umang, S. K. Sahari, A. Lit, Nur S. Suhaimi IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2026 This paper investigates the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of aged palm oil methyl ester (POME)-based nanofluids. Thermal stress is applied to nanofluids with various concentrations of TiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles. The experiments are conducted on a laboratory scale, with the POME-based nanofluids thermally aged at 130 oC in the absence of solid insulating materials. The study aims to compare the gases generated in both nanofluids. Four different diagnosis methods are employed: Rogers Ratio, IEC Gas Ratio, Duval Triangle, and Duval Pentagon. The experimental results reveal nearly identical gassing behaviors between the two nanofluids after thermal ageing. These findings contribute to expanding investigations into transformer fault diagnosis, particularly in cases where various natural ester oils, including POME-based nanofluids, are used in power transformer. This helps diversify the growing body of research on DGA for natural ester oils, which has largely focused on commercially dominant types.
Image Detection and Classification for Monitoring of Photovoltaic Panel Operation and Maintenance Muhammad Arif Farhan Ismail, Hafizal Mohamad, Syafiq Ashraf Ahmad Khalid, Shahnurriman Abdul Rahman, Nur Sabrina Suhaimi, Mohamad Yusoff Alias 2025 Multimedia University Engineering Conference Mecon 2025, 2025 The rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) systems has necessitated efficient monitoring and maintenance to ensure their optimal performance. The project focuses on automating the process of identifying common defects, including soiling, bird droppings, fire damage, broken glass, and normal panel conditions. The methodology involves sourcing a diverse dataset of PV panel images, enhancing the dataset through augmentation, and annotating images for training the deep learning model. Advanced Python tools, such as Albumentations, OpenCV, and Roboflow, were utilized to create a robust dataset and prepare it for training. The YOLO framework, supported by additional Python libraries, was employed to develop and train the model. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matrix.
Energy Efficient Power Control in 6G Networks for Smart Grid Wide Area Network Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Ainul Husna Binti Zaidi, Fauzun A. Asuhaimi, Aneesa Irdina Binti Ismail, Muhamad Arif Izzudin Bin Mohd Razali, Nur Sabrina binti Suhaimi, Huda Adibah binti Ramli International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering Iccce, 2025 The rapid evolution of modern energy systems has highlighted the limitations of current communication technologies. Existing smart grid, particularly Wide Area Networks (WANs) that rely on 5G or older technologies, may often struggle to meet the increasing demands for ultra-reliable, high-speed data transmission and energy-efficient communication. This limitation can affect the performance of critical smart grid functions such as real-time monitoring, fault detection and distributed energy resource management. This research explores the integration of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) with emerging 6G cellular networks to enhance power control and resource allocation decision for WANs. The study aims to develop an adaptive DRL-based framework that dynamically optimizes energy usage while maintaining network performance. Specifically, investigate how DRL techniques are employed to facilitate decision-making in power control through smart grid WANs. Performance metrics such as energy efficiency will be analyzed to validate the effectiveness of the model.
Investigations on the Suitability of Non-Wood Kenaf Bast Fiber as an Alternative for Making Insulating Presspaper for Transformers N. ‘I. Hashim, M. T. Ishak, J. Adnan, N. S. Suhaimi, M. M. Ariffin, S. Rufus, M. H. A. Hamid IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2024 For decades, oil-impregnated paper and presspaper derived from Kraft pulp have been utilized in high-voltage transformers to fulfill the function of providing electrical insulation. In response to the growing demand for wood fiber on a global scale, non-wood fibers have been developed for use in pulp and presspaper manufacturing as alternatives to wood fibers. The purpose of this study is to develop an insulating presspaper for transformer applications using non-wood Kenaf Bast fiber. Specifically, this article investigates the morphology, thermal properties, tensile strength, and electrical breakdown voltage performance of Kenaf presspaper in order to assess its potential use as presspaper insulation. Results show that Kraft presspaper has better thermal stability and tensile strength value than Kenaf presspaper. A higher relative bond area in Kraft presspaper than in Kenaf presspaper is one reason for its mechanical strength. However, in terms of the electrical breakdown voltage performance, it has been seen that the Kenaf presspaper performance is greatly improved. The findings of the study show that additional investigation into the implementation of Kenaf presspaper in transformers is recommended. It is possible that the insulating performance could be improved by making some modifications to the production process of Kenaf presspaper.
Critical field analysis of modified arrott plots (MAP) in MnCoGe0.97Al0.03alloy Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman, Muhamad Faiz Md Din, Nur Sabrina Suhaimi, Mahmoud Mohmmed I. Ahmeed, Jian Li Wang, Nurul Hayati Idris, Mohamad Ismail Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024 MnCoGe system has attracted extensive attention since the find of the field-induced martensitic transition. To better understand the intrinsic nature of the interactions and magnetism in this material, it is essential to study further the order and nature of the FM-PM magnetic transition. This paper discussed the critical properties of MnCoGe0.97Al0.03 alloy around the FM-PM magnetic transition investigated through modified Arrott plots (MAP) analysis. Data obtained near TC were examined in the framework of the mean-field theory, the 3D-Heisenberg model, the 3D-Ising model, and the tricritical mean-field. The deduced critical exponents values obtained using the MAP method were β = 0.429 and γ= 0.80 with TC = 348 K. The obtained critical parameters show a tendency towards the mean-field behavior, suggesting the existence of long-range ferromagnetic order in the compound studied.
Thermal Aging Effects on the Electrical Breakdown Voltage of TiO and MWCNT Nanofluids Based on POME S. M. W. Masra, Y. Z. Arief, S. K. Sahari, A. R. H. Rigit, M. R. Rahman, Nur S. Suhaimi IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2023 In this work, the aging behavior of liquid insulation in transformers using chemically modified refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) olein is investigated. The transesterification process is used to modify RBDPO olein to produce palm oil methyl ester (POME), which is used as a base fluid for nanofluid (NF) preparation. The performance of POME with the dispersion of semiconducting titanium oxide (TiO2) and conducting multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations on the ac breakdown voltage (ac BDV) as insulation in transformers is evaluated for their aging behavior. The accelerated aging was conducted under sealed conditions at a temperature of 130°C for 1000 h. The results show that incorporating TiO2 and MWCNT NPs into POME did not have an adverse effect on the BDV, regardless of the doping concentrations. Notably, POME-based TiO2 NFs exhibited the highest ac BDV after thermal aging, specifically at a concentration of 0.05-g/L. Anderson–Darling (AD) goodness-of-fit statistics were performed on the experimental data to verify their agreement with the normal and Weibull distributions.
Performance and limitation of mineral oil-based carbon nanotubes nanofluid in transformer application Nur Sabrina Suhaimi, Muhamad Faiz Md Din, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman, Jianli Wang, Muhammad Zahir Hassan Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2022 Transformer oil-based carbon nanotube (CNT) nanofluids which have unique dielectric behaviour, is effective as the posterity insulation fluids that can boost the performance of the transformer as they proposed inspiring, distinctive behaviour compared to existing transformer oil which is widely used in practice namely mineral oils. With this motivation, the effect of AC breakdown voltages for two sonication duration (30 min and 120 min) techniques were applied in producing nanofluids, two different diameter sizes of CNTs (<8 nm and >20 nm) and five different weight concentrations (0.01 g/L to 0.2 g/L) are investigated. The results indicate CNT with a longer sonication process, a smaller diameter and low concentrations of CNT provides the highest breakdown values that gave a huge potential impact on the conventional transformer oil. The Weibull and Normal distributions functions are used in this paper to obtain a successful forecast of the lowest, average, and highest possibility of breakdown rates (1%, 50% and 90%). It figures out that, CNT nanofluid can reach the greatest breakdown efficiency as good insulating oil at 0.01 g/L concentration. To understand the characterization of CNT nanofluids samples in detail, Raman spectroscopy analysis, storage modulus, viscosity and heat flow of mineral oil have been evaluated accordingly as a function of increasing temperature.
Electrical properties of palm oil and rice bran oil under AC stress for transformer application M.H.A. Hamid, M.T. Ishak, N.S. Suhaimi, J. Adnan, N.I. Hashim, M. Ariffin, N.I.A. Katim, Rahisham Abd Rahman Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2022 This paper presents the investigation on the dielectric properties (dissipation factor, relative permittivity, and resistivity) and AC breakdown voltage behaviour of Palm Oil (PO) and Rice Bran Oil (RBO). The dielectric properties experiment was carried out according to the IEC 60247 standard using an automatic ADTR-2K Plus instrument. The AC breakdown test was carried using two different setups (automatic oil tester and BHT AC Generator) using similar VDE electrodes with 23 mm in diameter and comply with IEC 60156 standard. The data of AC breakdown voltage were statistically analysed to predict the withstand voltage (1%) of oil samples by using Weibull distribution. The results show that RBO has lower DDF than PO in which will give better insulating oil capability than PO. For relative permittivity, PO has the highest value among the oil samples which gives advantages in terms of stress distribution between solid and liquid inside the transformer. The relative permittivity of PO is 2.176 closer to that of solid insulation (4.0) which leads to an evener stress distribution between solid and liquid materials. On the other hand, for resistivity, RBO has the highest value among the oils, and it is correlated well with the results in AC breakdown. In the AC breakdown voltage study, two different equipment which having da differences in the volume of oil, electrodes arrangement and as well stirrer were investigated. In the AC breakdown study, RBO has the highest breakdown voltage for both test setups. PO is the second-best in AC breakdown voltage while MO shows the lowest breakdown voltage among oil samples. The percentage difference between using BAUR oil tester and BHT AC generator setup is between 4% and 10% at a 2.5 mm gap distance which is comparable for both types of equipment. For various gap distances studies, the breakdown voltage is increased with the increase of gap distance between the electrodes, for all oil samples. The Weibull distribution of MO, PO and RBO has well fitted with the fitting line of AC breakdown data. From the Weibull distribution, the empirical withstand voltages equations with gap distances of PO and RBO are derived.
Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Mineral Oil and Palm Oil with Added Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for Application in Oil-Filled Transformers Nur Sabrina Suhaimi, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, Muhamad Faiz Md Din, Fakhroul Ridzuan Hashim, Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman Energies, 2022 This century is experiencing a generation of nanotechnologies that makes use of the remarkable properties of nanofluids in applications such as electrical systems, industrialization, and others. In this paper, mineral oil (MO) and palm oil (PO), with multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT), have been synthesized for use in oil-filled transformer applications. This research aims to use Raman characterization to assess the feasibility of CNT nanofluids samples at 0.02 g/L and 0.03 g/L concentrations. The chemical structure bonding that exists in the Raman band between 700 cm−1 and 3100 cm−1 regions is identified and analyzed, accordingly. After baseline removal and normalization, the precision band location and intensity of oil samples are fitted with a Gaussian profile. It was discovered that the peak at ~1440 cm−1 has the highest intensity for six oil samples, which is attributed to the (C–H) methylene scissors vibration of the CH2 group. Based on the FWHM profile and integrated area under the curve of PO, it was discovered that CNT contributes to the structural stability defect of PO. Principal component analysis (PCA) is also used in this study to classify different samples based on chemical composition and identify the spectral characteristics with the highest degree of variability.
The Critical Behaviour and Magnetism of MnCoGe0.97Al0.03 Compounds Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman, Muhamad Faiz Md Din, Norinsan Kamil Othman, Jianli Wang, Nur Sabrina Suhaimi, Shi Xue Dou, Noor Fadzilah Mohamed Sharif, Nazrul Fariq Makmor Crystals, 2022 The critical behaviour associated with the field-induced martensitic transformation heavily relies on the vacancy and transition of the magnetic phase in MnCoGe based-compounds. Due to this revelation, an intensive investigation was brought forth to study the substitution of Ge (atomic radius = 1.23 Å) by Al (atomic radius = 1.43 Å) in MnCoGe0.97Al0.03 alloy compound. The room-temperature X-ray diffraction indicated that the reflections were identified with the orthorhombic structure (TiNiSi-type, space group Pnma) and minor hexagonal structure (Ni2In-type, space group P63/mmc). The substitution of Al in the supersession of Ge transmuted the crystal structure from TiNiSi-type to Ni2In-type structure. The MnCoGe0.97Al0.03 compound’s magnetism was driven by interactions that are long in range, as indicated by the study of the critical behaviour in the proximity of TC. The magnetic measurement and neutron diffraction revealed that the structural transition took place with the decrease in temperature. The results from neutron diffraction signify that the transformation of the magnetic field-induced martensitic has a crucial function in producing the immense effect of magnetocaloric systems such as these. This outcome serves a critical function for investigations in the future.
Dissolved Gases Analysis of Rice Bran Oil Under Thermal Fault for Transformer Application Nur Sabrina Suhaimi, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, Muhammad Faiz Md Din, Maslina Mohd Ariffin, Nur Aqilah Mohamad Amin, Mardhiah Hayati Abdul Hamid 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy Advancement in Power and Energy Systems Towards Sustainable and Resilient Energy Supply Pecon 2022, 2022
