Dr. G. Neethirajan

@kgcas.com

Dean-Research/ Consultant Scientific
KG College of Arts and Science

Dr. G. Neethirajan


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https://researchid.co/g.neethirajan

EDUCATION

M.Sc., Ph. D

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Ophthalmology, Biotechnology, Molecular Biology, Genetics
12

Scopus Publications

125

Scholar Citations

6

Scholar h-index

6

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • A REVIEW OF PHARMACOGENETIC STUDIES CONCERNING GENETICS AND TREATMENT RESPONSE IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE
    Gajanand Pujari, G. Neethirajan, Arman Dalal, Ramanlal Narayan Kachave, Anuradha Pannu, Shivam Suresh Lale, Arpan Kumar Tripathi, Dharna Thakur, Md Tausif Raza, Nikunj B. Patel, Mamta Tripathi
    Bio Web of Conferences, 2026
    Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively deteriorates the nervous system. Its causes are multifaceted, involving environmental influences, genetic predispositions, and epigenetic modifications. The main and inciting symptoms of PD are a combination of motor (bradykinesia, rest tremor and rigidity) and non-motor (hallucinations, compulsive behaviours and sleep disorders) symptoms. The existing treatments are mainly composed of a combination of medications that focus on treating the symptoms of the disease by replacing the lost dopamine without identifying the cause of the disease. Although beneficial, these therapies display a concerning amount of heterogeneity in drug response. Pharmacogenetics, a part of pharmacogenomics, helps to highlight the genetic factors that contribute to such heterogeneity in drug response. In the treatment of patients with PD, pharmacogenetic studies are particularly important given the variability of results, primarily concerning levodopa and dopaminergic therapies. This review covers the genetic mutation related to PD genes such as LRRK2, SNCA, and PARK2, which will be taken into account concerning their effects on disease progression and drug response. Genetic polymorphisms can significantly modulate the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs in patients with PD, influencing drug metabolism, transport, and receptor binding, among others, and involve genes such as CYP2D6 and COMT. This would be achieved through the application of pharmacogenetic insights that allow for tailored therapy approaches, optimize dosages, reduce adverse effects, and ensure better patient outcomes. Personalized medicine in PD could potentially enable improvement in treatment strategies based on an individual's genetic profile and thereby enhance management for this complex disease.
  • Antimicrobial Peptides from a Mangrove Soil Isolate of Lysinibacillus fusiformis Screening and Characterization
    T. Chethankumar, G. Neethirajan, K. Suresh
    Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2026
    The present work describes the isolation and detailed characterization of Lysinibacillus fusiformis MGR 24 from the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina mangroves at the Honnavar estuary, Karnataka. Morphological and biochemical features confirmed its halotolerance, while phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA grouped it within the L. fusiformis clade, showing closest relation to LF19T (MZ447099.1) with a bootstrap value of 41%, suggesting genetic divergence. Antimicrobial peptide production was optimized using Box–Behnken design, predicting maximum activity of ~156 AU·mL⁻¹ at peptone (5 g·L⁻¹), beef extract (~13 g·L⁻¹), Tween-80 (1.5 g·L⁻¹) and sodium acetate (2.5 g·L⁻¹). Purification by SP cation exchange chromatography yielded a 23.5-fold increase in specific activity (6286 AU·mg⁻¹) with 69% recovery. RP-HPLC identified a major active peak (3200 AU·mL⁻¹ at 19.6 min). Mass spectrometry revealed ions at m/z 417.07, 682.01 and 981.98, indicating low-molecular-weight antimicrobial peptides with promising bioactive potential.
  • Navigating the complexity of biologics and biosimilar: structural, clinical, and regulatory insights
    Balaji Nagarajan, Tamilarasi Anandbabu, K. Lakshmi, G. Neethirajan, Kumaraswamy Dabburu, P. Muthu Prasanna, D Catherine Grace, K Suria Prabha, E. Vasudevan
    Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 2026
    Biologics are complex therapeutic agents derived from living cells, and biosimilar is their highly similar, lower-cost alternatives developed after patent expiration. These therapies have revolutionized treatment paradigms in oncology, immunology, and rare diseases by providing targeted and effective interventions. Despite their potential, challenges persist, including high production costs, complex biomanufacturing processes, regulatory inconsistencies, and concerns about environmental sustainability. Early research on biosimilar often focused narrowly on efficacy or cost-effectiveness, overlooking broader functional implications, immunogenicity risks, and sustainability of large-scale manufacturing. Limited comparative studies between originator biologics and biosimilar created significant knowledge gaps in defining critical quality attributes and establishing robust benefit–risk profiles. Furthermore, while recombinant protein-based therapeutics and monoclonal antibodies dominate the biopharmaceutical market, their development and clinical integration are hindered by multifaceted challenges, including regulatory heterogeneity, quality assurance, and long-term patient safety considerations. Early literature has also inadequately addressed process design innovations, sustainable manufacturing practices, and the complexities of clinical adoption in diverse healthcare systems. These lacunas necessitate a comprehensive review that integrates structural, functional, clinical, and regulatory perspectives, with a particular emphasis on immunogenicity and sustainability. This article aims to bridge these gaps by offering a critical appraisal of biosimilar development, adoption, and clinical integration, informing future strategies and policy frameworks.
  • Digital therapeutics for adolescent mental health: A narrative review
    Santosh Ramesh Achwani, Faique Tanvir Falke, Mangal Charan Murmu, Rajkumar Krishnan Vasanthi, S. Jayakumari, Gunamoni Das, Mrunal Phatak, G. Neethirajan, Muthu Prasanna
    Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine, 2026
    The rising prevalence of mental health disorders among adolescents has become a significant global concern, highlighting the need for accessible, scalable, and innovative interventions and the growing health risk associated with untreated psychological conditions. Traditional mental health care is often limited by high costs, workforce shortages, stigma, and restricted access—especially for adolescents. Digital therapeutics (DTs), delivered through mobile applications, web platforms, wearable devices, and virtual reality, are emerging as promising solutions. These tools leverage adolescents' technological familiarity to enhance engagement, personalize care, enable real-time monitoring, and reduce barriers to treatment. Although interest in DTs is increasing, many existing reviews generalize findings to adult populations or lack specificity regarding adolescent needs. To address this gap, this study conducts a narrative review focusing exclusively on DTs designed for adolescent mental health. The review explores the prevalence and impact of mental health challenges in youth, mechanisms of action, medical requirements, and the types of DTs used in clinical and real-world settings, including AI-powered, mobile-based, and game-based interventions. Evidence from clinical studies, methodological frameworks, and implementation outcomes is synthesized to evaluate usability, effectiveness, and user engagement. This narrative review also identifies key challenges such as digital literacy, ethical concerns, regulatory gaps, and limited long-term outcome data. The findings offer timely insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers and emphasize the need for culturally adaptable, evidence-based DT strategies to strengthen adolescent mental health care.
  • AI-Assisted Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes: A Deep Learning Approach to Combat Superbugs
    Kodipad Shafahed, Keerti, Ponna Yugandhar, G. Neethirajan, Ashtha Arya, Indu Purushothaman
    Proceedings of 2025 10th International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Iconstem 2025, 2025
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious health issue of a worldwide concern and identification of resistance genes effectively is imperative to deal with superbugs. The proposed research will consider applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect the AMR genes in genomic sequences with the help of AI. CNNs are especially well-positioned to be used with sequential genomic data, where it is possible to identify patterns and mutations that can be indicative of antimicrobial resistance. The model can automatically find the AMR gene signatures in large-scale DNA sequence data by using deep learning. Under this method, we are using TensorFlow which is a very effective deep learning platform to train and implement the CNN model. The system gets trained on genomic datasets that are annotated and this allows the system to identify resistance genes in bacterial genomes. According to our results, CNN-based approach can greatly improve the accuracy and speed of AMR detection in comparison with the traditional approaches and can be adopted as a tool in combating antibiotic resistance.
  • Genotype/phenotype association in Indian congenital aniridia
    Guruswamy Neethirajan, Abraham Solomon, Subbaiah Ramasamy Krishnadas, Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi, Periasamy Sundaresan
    Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2009
  • FOXL2 mutations in Indian families with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
    Jeyabalan Nallathambi, Guruswamy Neethirajan, Kim Usha, Jethani Jitendra, Elfride De Baere, Periasamy Sundaresan
    Journal of Genetics, 2007
  • Identification of novel mutant PAX6 alleles in Indian cases of familial aniridia
    Guruswamy Neethirajan, Jeyabalan Nallathambi, Subbaiah Ramasamy Krishnadas, Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi, Shetty Shashikanth, Jon Martin Collinson, Periasamy Sundaresan
    BMC Ophthalmology, 2006
    Background Haploinsufficiency at the PAX6 locus causes aniridia, a panocular eye condition characterized by iris hypoplasia and a variety of other anterior and posterior eye defects leading to poor vision. This study was performed to identify novel PAX6 mutations that lead to familial aniridia in Indian patients. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from affected individuals (clinically diagnosed aniridia) from nine unrelated aniridic pedigrees, unaffected family members, and unrelated normal controls. The coding regions of PAX6 were amplified and subjected to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) gel analysis, and direct cloning and sequencing. Results SSCP band shifts, indicative of DNA base pair mutations, were observed in five of these unrelated families. Four mutations were shown to be previously unreported insertion or deletions in PAX6, leading to frameshifts. These new mutations were c.1174delTG (in exon 10), c.710delC (exon 6), c.406delTT (exon 5) and c.393insTCAGC (exon 5). The other nonsense mutation, a transition (c.1080C>T) in exon 9, has been reported previously as a mutation hotspot for PAX6 in other ethnic pedigrees. All mutant alleles transmitted through aniridic individuals in each family. Conclusion These new deletions and an insertion create frameshifts, which are predicted to introduce premature termination codons into the PAX6 reading frame. The genetic alterations carried by affected individuals are predicted to lead to loss-of-function mutations that would segregate in an autosomal dominant manner to subsequent generations. This is the first report of the 'hotspot' c.1080C>T transition from Indian families.
  • PAX6 missense mutations associated in patients with optic nerve malformation
    Molecular Vision, 2006
  • De novo deletions in the paired domain of PAX6 in south Indian aniridic patients
    Guruswamy Neethirajan, J. Martin Collinson, Subbaiah Ramasamy Krishnadas, Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi, Shetty Shashikant, Chandrashekhar Reena, Periasamy Sundaresan
    Journal of Human Genetics, 2004
  • PAX6 gene variations associated with aniridia in south India
    Guruswamy Neethirajan, Subbaiah Ramasamy Krishnadas, Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi, Shetty Shashikant, Periasamy Sundaresan
    BMC Medical Genetics, 2004
  • A novel PAX6 gene mutation in an Indian aniridia patient
    Molecular Vision, 2003

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Traditional Medicine in Indian Knowledge Systems: Insights and Evidence for Managing Metabolic Disorders
    GN Neethirajan
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Integrated Medical Sciences, 77-91 , 2026
    2026
  • Antimicrobial Peptides from a Mangrove Soil Isolate of Lysinibacillus fusiformis Screening and Characterization”
    SK  Chethankumar T, Neethirajan G
    Res. J. Biotechnol 21 (3), 60-69 , 2026
    2026
  • Digital therapeutics for adolescent mental health: A narrative review
    PM  Achwani SR, Falke FT, Murmu MC, Vasanthi RK, Jayakumari S, Das G ...
    Indian J Forensic Community Med 13 (1), 15-30 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 1
  • AI-Enabled Ocular Drug Delivery System for the Management of Eye Infections
    NG Shalini D
    Bioscience Biotechnology Research Asia 23 (1), 151–159 , 2026
    2026
  • Exploring the production and functional properties of peptides derived from lysinibacillus fusiformis
    SK Chethankumar T, Neethirajan G*
    Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci 17 (1), 1-11 , 2026
    2026
  • Navigating the complexity of biologics and biosimilar: structural, clinical, and regulatory insights
    PKS Nagarajan B, Anandbabu T, Vasudevan E, Lakshmi K, Neethirajan G, Dabburu ...
    J Appl Biol Biotech 14 (2), 40-49 , 2026
    2026
  • EST-SSR Based Genetic Diversity and In- Silico Functional Characterization of Key Regulatory Proteins in Mulberry (Morus spp.)
    NG Harini S.
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (1), 453-463 , 2026
    2026
  • AI-Assisted Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes: A Deep Learning Approach to Combat Superbugs
    K Shafahed, P Yugandhar, G Neethirajan, A Arya, I Purushothaman
    2025 Tenth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and … , 2025
    2025
  • 1, 2 Napthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt Chromogen for Quantifying the Thiazolidinedione Class of drug in Human Plasma Spiked drug sample, bulk and marketed formulation …
    KB Sri, R Kavya, G Neethirajan, M Praveen
    Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54 (4), 5007-5018 , 2025
    2025
  • Liver-Targeted Viral Diseases and Vision Loss: Current Understanding and Future Therapeutic Targets
    MN Neethirajan, G., Nallathambi J.
    International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (12), 3841-3855 , 2025
    2025
  • AI-Driven Comparative Genomic Insights into Microbial Strains for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in the Indian Context”
    DSG Neethirajan
    ACTA BIOMEDICA 96 (1), 1030-1036 , 2025
    2025
  • Polymorphic Signatures of IL-1RA Gene and its Association with Cancer Susceptibility and Progression in Southern India
    NG Duraipandian M, Karthika R, Baby Shakila P,Ashok kumar L
    Flora & Fauna 31 (2), 187-201 , 2025
    2025
  • AI-Driven Management Strategies for Healthcare and Biomedical Innovation Ecosystems- A Short Conceptual Review
    SM G. Neethirajan.
    African Journal of Biomedical Research 28 (4S), 485-489 , 2025
    2025
  • Exploring Endophytic Fungi of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort, for Eco-Friendly Bioremediation of Chromium-Contaminated Tannery Sites
    NG Egbert Selwin Rose. A, Jayakumaran R
    Journal of Informetrics 19 (4), 234-238 , 2025
    2025
  • Molecular Characterization of H-RAS Mutations across Human Cancers - Integrative Insights into Oncogenic Mechanisms
    GN R. Sathish Kumar.
    Maydica 7 (10), 244-250 , 2025
    2025
  • Niosome-Based Approaches in Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
    G Neethirajan
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Integrated Medical Sciences 2 (9 … , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Influence of HLA Alleles in Adverse Drug Reactions: A Pharmacogenetic Study.
    G Neethirajan
    Journal of Pharmacology, Genetics and Molecular Biology 1 (4), 119-127 , 2025
    2025
  • Pilot-Scale Production and Commercial Readiness of Biodegradable PHAs from Azohydromonas australica Using Agro-Industrial Waste Feedstocks
    DS Dr. Neethirajan G., Dr. P. Sivakamasundari., Dr. Gowthami K., Dr. Chandra ...
    IN Patent 31/2,025 , 2025
    2025
  • Big Data and Biodiversity: Conservation through Citizen Science
    GN Sreekala K. Nair.
    Conference Proceeding, 30 , 2025
    2025
  • IoT-Driven Smart Waste Management for Urban Sustainability
    GN Sreekala K. Nair.
    Conference Proceeding, 29 , 2025
    2025

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • PAX6 gene variations associated with aniridia in south India
    G Neethirajan, SR Krishnadas, P Vijayalakshmi, S Shashikant, ...
    BMC Medical Genetics 5 (1), 9 , 2004
    2004
    Citations: 30
  • Genotype/phenotype association in Indian congenital aniridia
    G Neethirajan, A Solomon, SR Krishnadas, P Vijayalakshmi, ...
    The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 76 (5), 513-517 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 25
  • A novel PAX6 gene mutation in an Indian aniridia patient
    G Neethirajan, IM Hanson, SR Krishnadas, P Vijayalakshmi, ...
    Mol Vis 9, 205-209 , 2003
    2003
    Citations: 18
  • Identification of novel mutant PAX6 alleles in Indian cases of familial aniridia
    G Neethirajan, J Nallathambi, SR Krishnadas, P Vijayalakshmi, ...
    BMC ophthalmology 6 (1), 28 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 17
  • PAX6 missense mutations associated in patients with optic nerve malformation
    J Nallathambi, G Neethirajan, S Shashikant, P Vijayalakshmi, ...
    Mol Vis 12, 236-242 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 16
  • FOXL2 mutations in Indian families with blepharophimosis--ptosis--epicanthus inversus syndrome.
    J Nallathambi, G Neethirajan, K Usha, J Jitendra, E De Baere, ...
    Journal of genetics 86 (2) , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 13
  • De novo deletions in the paired domain of PAX6 in south Indian aniridic patients
    G Neethirajan, JM Collinson, SR Krishnadas, P Vijayalakshmi, ...
    Journal of human genetics 49 (11), 647-649 , 2004
    2004
    Citations: 4
  • Digital therapeutics for adolescent mental health: A narrative review
    PM  Achwani SR, Falke FT, Murmu MC, Vasanthi RK, Jayakumari S, Das G ...
    Indian J Forensic Community Med 13 (1), 15-30 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 1
  • Niosome-Based Approaches in Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
    G Neethirajan
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Integrated Medical Sciences 2 (9 … , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Traditional Medicine in Indian Knowledge Systems: Insights and Evidence for Managing Metabolic Disorders
    GN Neethirajan
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Integrated Medical Sciences, 77-91 , 2026
    2026
  • Antimicrobial Peptides from a Mangrove Soil Isolate of Lysinibacillus fusiformis Screening and Characterization”
    SK  Chethankumar T, Neethirajan G
    Res. J. Biotechnol 21 (3), 60-69 , 2026
    2026
  • AI-Enabled Ocular Drug Delivery System for the Management of Eye Infections
    NG Shalini D
    Bioscience Biotechnology Research Asia 23 (1), 151–159 , 2026
    2026
  • Exploring the production and functional properties of peptides derived from lysinibacillus fusiformis
    SK Chethankumar T, Neethirajan G*
    Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci 17 (1), 1-11 , 2026
    2026
  • Navigating the complexity of biologics and biosimilar: structural, clinical, and regulatory insights
    PKS Nagarajan B, Anandbabu T, Vasudevan E, Lakshmi K, Neethirajan G, Dabburu ...
    J Appl Biol Biotech 14 (2), 40-49 , 2026
    2026
  • EST-SSR Based Genetic Diversity and In- Silico Functional Characterization of Key Regulatory Proteins in Mulberry (Morus spp.)
    NG Harini S.
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (1), 453-463 , 2026
    2026
  • AI-Assisted Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes: A Deep Learning Approach to Combat Superbugs
    K Shafahed, P Yugandhar, G Neethirajan, A Arya, I Purushothaman
    2025 Tenth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and … , 2025
    2025
  • 1, 2 Napthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt Chromogen for Quantifying the Thiazolidinedione Class of drug in Human Plasma Spiked drug sample, bulk and marketed formulation …
    KB Sri, R Kavya, G Neethirajan, M Praveen
    Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54 (4), 5007-5018 , 2025
    2025
  • Liver-Targeted Viral Diseases and Vision Loss: Current Understanding and Future Therapeutic Targets
    MN Neethirajan, G., Nallathambi J.
    International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (12), 3841-3855 , 2025
    2025
  • AI-Driven Comparative Genomic Insights into Microbial Strains for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in the Indian Context”
    DSG Neethirajan
    ACTA BIOMEDICA 96 (1), 1030-1036 , 2025
    2025
  • Polymorphic Signatures of IL-1RA Gene and its Association with Cancer Susceptibility and Progression in Southern India
    NG Duraipandian M, Karthika R, Baby Shakila P,Ashok kumar L
    Flora & Fauna 31 (2), 187-201 , 2025
    2025

RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)

10 National Patents
4 International Patents