Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Multidisciplinary
29
Scopus Publications
3635
Scholar Citations
22
Scholar h-index
24
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
EtherChain: Leveraging Ethereum Blockchain for Scalable and Secure IoV Systems Himanshu Kumar Singh, Namrata Bansal 13th International Conference on Intelligent Embedded Microelectronics Communication and Optical Networks Iemecon 2025, 2025 The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is rapidly evolving to provide high throughput, low bandwidth, and enhanced security for high-quality information transfer with minimal latency. However, before effectively adopting all these services, IoV faces various hurdles, including secure information sharing, tampering with information, and network overhead. IoV with blockchain provides substantial advantages for secure information sharing, tamper-proof storage of information, and efficient network administration. We propose EtherChain, a blockchain-based secure approach for IoV to provide information integrity, tamperproof distributed storage, and efficient network administration. EtherChain uses transaction validation, trust, and miner selection algorithms to verify transactions, manage trust between nodes, and select the miner to append the block to the blockchain. Following that, EtherChain compares security strength in terms of several forms of security attacks with other cutting-edge techniques, as well as performance outcomes in terms of throughput, cryptography operation time, and communication overhead. The research demonstrates that EtherChain outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of performance and security.
Privacy-Preserving Coalesced Learning: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions Javalkar Dinesh Kumar, Namrata Bansal, Amanjyoti Sethi Proceedings IEEE 2024 1st International Conference on Advances in Computing Communication and Networking Icac2n 2024, 2024 Privacy-Preserving Coalesced Learning (PPCL) exist a distributed method to machine learning that allows various plans or administrations to collaboratively order models deficiency allocation raw source, shielding separable privacy. Unlike old-style centralized methodologies, PPCL uses methods like protected collections, other concealment, and homomorphic encryption en route for stopping subtle source leakage. Secure aggregation syndicates separate idea updates securely, discrepancy privacy vaccinates noise to avoid model re-identification, and homomorphic encryption allows encrypted calculations. Despite its assurance, PPCL faces several tests. Communication above from recurrent informs can be heavy, scalability problems arise as contributor number grows, and combative outbreaks may deed system susceptibilities. Additionally, device and data heterogeneity present hurdles to attaining steady truthfulness and impartiality. Future research in PPCL aims to address these tests by improving scalability, enhancing communication, and improving security. These progressions could enlarge PPCL's application to privacy-sensitive areas like healthcare and finance, supporting secure, decentralized data-driven inventions.
Human-Robot Interaction: Designing Effective Interfaces for Collaborative Tasks Javalkar Dinesh Kumar, Namrata Bansal, Anjali Kaushik, Amanjyoti Sethi Proceedings IEEE 2024 1st International Conference on Advances in Computing Communication and Networking Icac2n 2024, 2024 Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is a crucial field in the development of collaborative robotic systems, particularly in environments like manufacturing, healthcare, and service industries. This paper explores the design of effective interfaces for facilitating seamless collaboration between humans and robots. We focus on the integration of intuitive communication methods, including speech, gesture recognition, and visual cues, to enhance user experience and task efficiency. By evaluating existing HRI frameworks and proposing novel interface models, we aim to improve human-robot synergy, enabling robots to better understand and respond to human intentions in complex, dynamic environments.
Surface and interface states of Bi2Se3 thin films investigated by optical second-harmonic generation and terahertz emission S. Y. Hamh, S.-H. Park, S.-K. Jerng, J. H. Jeon, S. H. Chun, J. H. Jeon, S. J. Kahng, K. Yu, E. J. Choi, S. Kim, S.-H. Choi, N. Bansal, S. Oh, Joonbum Park, Byung-Woo Kho, Jun Sung Kim, J. S. Lee Applied Physics Letters, 2016 We investigate the surface and interface states of Bi2Se3 thin films by using the second-harmonic generation technique. Distinct from the surface of bulk crystals, the film surface and interface show the isotropic azimuth dependence of second-harmonic intensity, which is attributed to the formation of randomly oriented domains on the in-plane. Based on the nonlinear susceptibility deduced from the model fitting, we determine that the surface band bending induced in a space charge region occurs more strongly at the film interface facing the Al2O3 substrate or capping layer compared with the interface facing the air. We demonstrate that distinct behavior of the terahertz electric field emitted from the samples can provide further information about the surface electronic state of Bi2Se3.
Resonance effects in thickness-dependent ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics of topological insulator Bi2Se3 Sung Kim, Dong Hee Shin, Ju Hwan Kim, Chan Wook Jang, Jun Woo Park, Hosun Lee, Suk-Ho Choi, Seung Hyun Kim, Ki-Ju Yee, Namrata Bansal, Seongshik Oh Nanotechnology, 2015 Resonance effects in the thickness-dependent ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics of topological insulator Bi2Se3 are found irrespective of the kind of substrate by measuring thickness-dependent abrupt changes of pump-probe differential-reflectivity signals (ΔR/R) from Bi2Se3 thin films on four different substrates of poly- and single-crystalline (sc-) ZnO, sc-GaN and SiO2. The absolute peak intensity of the ΔR/R is maximized at ∼tC (6 ∼ 9 quintuple layers), which is not directly related to but is very close to the critical thickness below which the energy gap opens. The intensities of the two phonon modes deduced from the oscillatory behaviors superimposed on the ΔR/R profiles are also peaked at ∼tC for the four kinds of substrates, consistent with the thickness-dependent Raman-scattering behaviors. These resonant effects and others are discussed based on possible physical mechanisms including the effects of three-dimensional carrier depletion and intersurface coupling.
Anisotropic Terahertz Emission from Bi2Se3 Thin Films with Inclined Crystal Planes Sun Young Hamh, Soon-Hee Park, Jeongwoo Han, Jeong Heum Jeon, Se-Jong Kahng, Sung Kim, Suk-Ho Choi, Namrata Bansal, Seongshik Oh, Joonbum Park, Jun Sung Kim, Jae Myung Kim, Do Young Noh, Jong Seok Lee Nanoscale Research Letters, 2015 We investigate the surface states of topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 thin films grown on Si nanocrystals and Al2O3 substrates by using terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Compared to bulk crystalline Bi2Te2Se, film TIs exhibit distinct behaviors in the phase and amplitude of emitted THz radiation. In particular, Bi2Se3 grown on Al2O3 shows an anisotropic response with a strong modulation of the THz signal in its phase. From x-ray diffraction, we find that the crystal plane of the Bi2Se3 films is inclined with respect to the plane of the Al2O3 substrate by about 0.27°. This structural anisotropy affects the dynamics of photocarriers and hence leads to the observed anisotropic response in the THz emission. Such relevance demonstrates that THz emission spectroscopy can be a sensitive tool to investigate the fine details of the surface crystallography and electrostatics of thin film TIs.
Time-resolved terahertz dynamics in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 R. Valdés Aguilar, J. Qi, M. Brahlek, N. Bansal, A. Azad, J. Bowlan, S. Oh, A. J. Taylor, R. P. Prasankumar, D. A. Yarotski Applied Physics Letters, 2015 We use optical pump–THz probe spectroscopy at low temperatures to study the hot carrier response in thin Bi2Se3 films of several thicknesses, allowing us to separate the bulk from the surface transient response. We find that for thinner films the photoexcitation changes the transport scattering rate and reduces the THz conductivity, which relaxes within 10 picoseconds (ps). For thicker films, the conductivity increases upon photoexcitation and scales with increasing both the film thickness and the optical fluence, with a decay time of approximately 5 ps as well as a much higher scattering rate. These different dynamics are attributed to the surface and bulk electrons, respectively, and demonstrate that long-lived mobile surface photo-carriers can be accessed independently below certain film thicknesses for possible optoelectronic applications.
Time-resolved THz dynamics in thin films of Bi2Se3 R. Valdes Aguilar, J. Qi, M. Brahlek, N. Bansal, A. Azad, S. Oh, A. J. Taylor, R. P. Prasankumar, D. A. Yarotski International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves Irmmw Thz, 2014 Topological insulators represent a new state of matter where bulk insulators exhibit metallic surfaces that are protected by time reversal symmetry. However, in common transport measurements residual bulk conductivity hinders the properties of the topologically protected surfaces. Alternatively, terahertz spectroscopy has recently been shown to be capable of discerning the bulk and surface carrier conductivity. Here we use time-resolved optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy at low temperatures to study the hot carrier response of thin films of Bi2Se3 of several thicknesses and separate the bulk from the surface response. We find that for thinner films the photo excitation changes the transport scattering rate and reduces the surface conductivity. For thicker films, this process competes with the photoinduced increase in bulk conductivity, which occurs on shorter timescales and scales with the increase in both the film thickness and optical excitation fluence. These different dynamics of the surface and bulk electrons indicate a decoupling of surface and bulk carriers, and present the possibility of accessing long-lived surface photo-carriers for optoelectronic applications.
Emergence of decoupled surface transport channels in bulk insulating Bi2Se3 thin films Matthew Brahlek, Nikesh Koirala, Maryam Salehi, Namrata Bansal, Seongshik Oh Physical Review Letters, 2014 In ideal topological insulator (TI) films the bulk state, which is supposed to be insulating, should not provide any electric coupling between the two metallic surfaces. However, transport studies on existing TI films show that the topological states on opposite surfaces are electrically tied to each other at thicknesses far greater than the direct coupling limit where the surface wave functions overlap. Here, we show that as the conducting bulk channels are suppressed, the parasitic coupling effect diminishes, and the decoupled surface channels emerge as expected for ideal TIs. In Bi(2)Se(3) thin films with fully suppressed bulk states, the two surfaces, which are directly coupled below ∼10 QL, become gradually isolated with increasing thickness and are completely decoupled beyond ∼20 QL. On such a platform, it is now feasible to implement transport devices whose functionality relies on accessing the individual surface layers without any deleterious coupling effects.
Plasmonic excitations in Bi2Se3 topological insulator P. Di Pietro, M. Ortolani, O. Limaj, A. Di Gaspare, V. Giliberti, F. Giorgianni, M. Brahlek, N. Bansal, N. Koirala, S. Oh, P. Calvani, S. Lupi International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves Irmmw Thz, 2013
Dirac cone shift of a passivated topological Bi2Se3 interface state Gregory S. Jenkins, Don C. Schmadel, Andrei B. Sushkov, H. Dennis Drew, Max Bichler, Gregor Koblmueller, Matthew Brahlek, Namrata Bansal, Seongshik Oh Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2013
Observation of Dirac plasmons in a topological insulator P. Di Pietro, M. Ortolani, O. Limaj, A. Di Gaspare, V. Giliberti, F. Giorgianni, M. Brahlek, N. Bansal, N. Koirala, S. Oh, P. Calvani, S. Lupi Nature Nanotechnology, 2013
Giant plateau in the terahertz Faraday angle in gated Bi2Se 3 Gregory S. Jenkins, Andrei B. Sushkov, Don C. Schmadel, M.-H. Kim, Matthew Brahlek, Namrata Bansal, Seongshik Oh, H. Dennis Drew Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2012
Epitaxial growth of topological materials N Bansal Rutgers University-School of Graduate Studies , 2019 2019
Surface and interface states of Bi2Se3 thin films investigated by optical second-harmonic generation and terahertz emission SY Hamh, SH Park, SK Jerng, JH Jeon, SH Chun, SJ Kahng, K Yu, ... Applied Physics Letters 108 (5) , 2016 2016 Citations: 18
Resonance effects in thickness-dependent ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics of topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 S Kim, DH Shin, JH Kim, CW Jang, JW Park, H Lee, SH Choi, SH Kim, ... Nanotechnology 27 (4), 045705 , 2016 2016 Citations: 29
Anisotropic Terahertz Emission from Bi 2 Se 3 Thin Films with Inclined Crystal Planes SY Hamh, SH Park, J Han, JH Jeon, SJ Kahng, S Kim, SH Choi, N Bansal, ... Nanoscale research letters 10 (1), 489 , 2015 2015 Citations: 16
Transport properties of topological insulators: Band bending, bulk metal-to-insulator transition, and weak anti-localization M Brahlek, N Koirala, N Bansal, S Oh Solid State Communications 215, 54-62 , 2015 2015 Citations: 185
Experimental Analysis of Weak Anti-localization in Topological Insulator Thin Films J Moon, N Bansal, M Brahlek, N Koirala, S Oh Bulletin of the American Physical Society 60 , 2015 2015
Experimental Analysis of Weak Anti-localization in Topological Insulator Thin Films N Bansal, M Brahlek, N Koirala, J Moon, S Oh APS March Meeting Abstracts 2015, L10. 015 , 2015 2015
Time-resolved terahertz dynamics in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 R Valdes Aguilar, J Qi, M Brahlek, N Bansal, A Azad, J Bowlan, S Oh, ... Applied Physics Letters 106 (1) , 2015 2015 Citations: 89
Time-resolved THz dynamics in thin films of Bi 2 Se 3 RV Aguilar, J Qi, M Brahlek, N Bansal, A Azad, S Oh, AJ Taylor, ... 2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz … , 2014 2014
Emergence of Decoupled Surface Transport Channels in Bulk Insulating Thin Films M Brahlek, N Koirala, M Salehi, N Bansal, S Oh Physical review letters 113 (2), 026801 , 2014 2014 Citations: 151
Robust topological surface states of Bi2Se3 thin films on amorphous SiO2/Si substrate and a large ambipolar gating effect N Bansal, N Koirala, M Brahlek, MG Han, Y Zhu, Y Cao, J Waugh, ... Applied Physics Letters 104 (24) , 2014 2014 Citations: 43
Transferring MBE-grown topological insulator films to arbitrary substrates and metal–insulator transition via Dirac gap N Bansal, MR Cho, M Brahlek, N Koirala, Y Horibe, J Chen, W Wu, ... Nano letters 14 (3), 1343-1348 , 2014 2014 Citations: 45
Electrodynamics of the topological insulator (Bi In ) Se tuned to the brink of quantum criticality L Wu, R Valdes Aguilar, A Stier, C Morris, Y Lubashevsky, P Armitage, ... Bulletin of the American Physical Society 59 , 2014 2014
Electrodynamics of the topological insulator (Bi1 -x In x ) 2 Se 3 tuned to the brink of quantum criticality L Wu, R Valdes Aguilar, A Stier, C Morris, Y Lubashevsky, P Armitage, ... APS March Meeting Abstracts 2014, G42. 003 , 2014 2014
High quality topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 thin film growth on amorphous SiO 2 using MBE N Koirala, N Bansal, M Brahlek, S Oh APS March Meeting Abstracts 2014, Q42. 001 , 2014 2014
Transfer of large-area MBE grown BiSefilms to arbitrary substrates N Bansal, MR Cho, M Brahlek, N Koirala, Y Horibe, J Chen, W Wu, ... APS March Meeting Abstracts 2014, Q42. 004 , 2014 2014
Bi 2 Se 3 Thin film topological insulators as a field effect transistor L Langer, N Bansal, N Koirala, M Brahlek, S Oh APS March Meeting Abstracts 2014, C1. 187 , 2014 2014
Bulk-Insulating Bi 2 Se 3 Thin Films and Decoupled Topological Surface States M Brahlek, N Koirala, M Salehi, N Bansal, S Oh APS March Meeting Abstracts 2014, G42. 002 , 2014 2014
Plasmonic excitations in Bi 2 Se 3 topological insulator P Di Pietro, M Ortolani, O Limaj, A Di Gaspare, V Giliberti, F Giorgianni, ... 2013 38th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz … , 2013 2013
Observation of Dirac plasmons in a topological insulator P Di Pietro, M Ortolani, O Limaj, A Di Gaspare, V Giliberti, F Giorgianni, ... Nature nanotechnology 8 (8), 556-560 , 2013 2013 Citations: 482
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Observation of Dirac plasmons in a topological insulator P Di Pietro, M Ortolani, O Limaj, A Di Gaspare, V Giliberti, F Giorgianni, ... Nature nanotechnology 8 (8), 556-560 , 2013 2013 Citations: 482
Thickness-Independent Transport Channels in Topological Insulator Thin Films N Bansal, YS Kim, M Brahlek, E Edrey, S Oh Physical review letters 109 (11), 116804 , 2012 2012 Citations: 457
Thickness-dependent bulk properties and weak antilocalization effect in topological insulator Bi Se YS Kim, M Brahlek, N Bansal, E Edrey, GA Kapilevich, K Iida, M Tanimura, ... Physical Review B—Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 84 (7), 073109 , 2011 2011 Citations: 420
Terahertz Response and Colossal Kerr Rotation from the Surface <?format ?>States of the Topological Insulator R Valdés Aguilar, AV Stier, W Liu, LS Bilbro, DK George, N Bansal, L Wu, ... Physical review letters 108 (8), 087403 , 2012 2012 Citations: 317
A sudden collapse in the transport lifetime across the topological phase transition in (Bi 1− x In x ) 2 Se 3 L Wu, M Brahlek, R Valdés Aguilar, AV Stier, CM Morris, Y Lubashevsky, ... Nature Physics 9 (7), 410-414 , 2013 2013 Citations: 303
Topological-Metal to Band-Insulator Transition in Thin Films M Brahlek, N Bansal, N Koirala, SY Xu, M Neupane, C Liu, MZ Hasan, ... Physical review letters 109 (18), 186403 , 2012 2012 Citations: 279
Epitaxial growth of topological insulator Bi2Se3 film on Si (111) with atomically sharp interface N Bansal, YS Kim, E Edrey, M Brahlek, Y Horibe, K Iida, M Tanimura, ... Thin Solid Films 520 (1), 224-229 , 2011 2011 Citations: 254
Mapping the orbital wavefunction of the surface states in three-dimensional topological insulators Y Cao, JA Waugh, XW Zhang, JW Luo, Q Wang, TJ Reber, SK Mo, Z Xu, ... Nature Physics 9 (8), 499-504 , 2013 2013 Citations: 193
Transport properties of topological insulators: Band bending, bulk metal-to-insulator transition, and weak anti-localization M Brahlek, N Koirala, N Bansal, S Oh Solid State Communications 215, 54-62 , 2015 2015 Citations: 185
Emergence of Decoupled Surface Transport Channels in Bulk Insulating Thin Films M Brahlek, N Koirala, M Salehi, N Bansal, S Oh Physical review letters 113 (2), 026801 , 2014 2014 Citations: 151
Surface versus bulk state in topological insulator Bi2Se3 under environmental disorder M Brahlek, YS Kim, N Bansal, E Edrey, S Oh Applied Physics Letters 99 (1) , 2011 2011 Citations: 107
Time-resolved terahertz dynamics in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 R Valdes Aguilar, J Qi, M Brahlek, N Bansal, A Azad, J Bowlan, S Oh, ... Applied Physics Letters 106 (1) , 2015 2015 Citations: 89
Aging and reduced bulk conductance in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 R Valdés Aguilar, L Wu, AV Stier, LS Bilbro, M Brahlek, N Bansal, S Oh, ... Journal of Applied Physics 113 (15) , 2013 2013 Citations: 47
Transferring MBE-grown topological insulator films to arbitrary substrates and metal–insulator transition via Dirac gap N Bansal, MR Cho, M Brahlek, N Koirala, Y Horibe, J Chen, W Wu, ... Nano letters 14 (3), 1343-1348 , 2014 2014 Citations: 45
In situ study of emerging metallicity on ion-bombarded SrTiO3 surface H Gross, N Bansal, YS Kim, S Oh Journal of Applied Physics 110 (7) , 2011 2011 Citations: 44
Robust topological surface states of Bi2Se3 thin films on amorphous SiO2/Si substrate and a large ambipolar gating effect N Bansal, N Koirala, M Brahlek, MG Han, Y Zhu, Y Cao, J Waugh, ... Applied Physics Letters 104 (24) , 2014 2014 Citations: 43
Sr flux stability against oxidation in oxide-molecular-beam-epitaxy environment: Flux, geometry, and pressure dependence YS Kim, N Bansal, C Chaparro, H Gross, S Oh Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 28 (2), 271-276 , 2010 2010 Citations: 37
Dirac cone shift of a passivated topological Bi Se interface state GS Jenkins, DC Schmadel, AB Sushkov, HD Drew, M Bichler, ... Physical Review B—Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 87 (15), 155126 , 2013 2013 Citations: 34
Resonance effects in thickness-dependent ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics of topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 S Kim, DH Shin, JH Kim, CW Jang, JW Park, H Lee, SH Choi, SH Kim, ... Nanotechnology 27 (4), 045705 , 2016 2016 Citations: 29
Simple self-gettering differential-pump for minimizing source oxidation in oxide-MBE environment YS Kim, N Bansal, S Oh Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 29 (4) , 2011 2011 Citations: 25