Multiclass classification using backpropagation neural network Maria Fransina Veronica Ruslau, Rian Ade Pratama, Martha Betaubun, Dessy Rizki Suryani Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2025 The regression model was commonly employed while examining response characteristics in social studies. If the variable response or targets are both categorical and ordinal, the ordinal logistic regression model should be employed, but it may not always produce adequate results. Neural networks are an alternate categorization method that can deal with a high number of qualitative characteristics associated to behavioural reactions. Backpropagation was used in this work to predict the poverty status of impoverished households in Surabaya, rather than ordinal logistic regression. In this study, impoverished households’ poverty status was classified into four classes. Cumulative logit models for four classes were created. The backpropagation network model is 38-35-4, which is 38 neurons in the input layer, 35 neurons in the hidden layers, and 4 neurons in the output layer. The findings revealed that backpropagation neural networks can recognize the features of poor households using a large number of qualitative data, outperforming ordinal logistic regression in terms of classification accuracy. In data testing, backpropagation network techniques achieve an average classification accuracy of 59.21% and 57.34% for training data, respectively. In the data testing, ordinal logistic regression yields an average classification accuracy of 55.56 percent and 11.50 percent for training data. The accuracy is low due to the condition of imbalanced data. The sensitivity and specificity of the minority class classification result in a row of backpropagation algorithms are 1.49% and 99.84%, respectively. This means that the backpropagation neural network model can deliver a classification accuracy of 99.84% for all classes.
Fear and Group Defense Effect of a Holling Type IV Predator-Prey System Intraspecific Competition Rian Ade Pratama, Martha Loupatty, Hariyanto Hariyanto, Wahyu Caesarendra, Wahyu Rahmaniar Emerging Science Journal, 2023 Field and experimental data on aquatic ecosystem species show the effect of fear on changing prey demographics. The fear effect has an impact on aquatic ecosystems, such as species migration to settled areas. In this paper, the type of research described is a literature study. The cost effect assigned to the reproductive system of the prey population and the predation function response are given as Holling Type IV for research purposes to model the fear effect. Some research novelties, the equilibrium points are all shown in the population dynamics system model with an analysis of positive equilibrium. Positive and biologically realistic equilibrium points were analyzed using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion which is mathematically a local asymptotically stable. A pair of imaginary eigenvalues with a negative real part can increase population growth. An equilibrium region showing equilibrium for several parameters such as extinction, no predators, and two populations coexisting in a sustainable manner. The correlation and fluctuation of fear and fear cost were investigated to obtain a better model. The results of the numerical simulations show that the prey population becomes more daring to fight or fighting power with significant prey growth rates or high predator mortality rates. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-06 Full Text: PDF
IMPACT OF FEAR BEHAVIOR ON PREY POPULATION GROWTH PREY-PREDATOR INTERACTION Rian Ade Pratama Barekeng, 2022 Experiments on the living environment of vertebrate ecosystems, it has been shown that predators have a massive influence on the demographic growth rate of prey. The proposed fear effect is a mathematical model that affects the reproductive growth rate of prey with the Holling Type I interaction model. Mathematical analysis of the prey-predator model shows that a strong anti-predator response can provide stability for prey-predator interactions. The parameter area taken will be shown for the extinction of the prey population, the balance of population survival, and the balance between the prey birth rate and the predator death rate. Numerical simulations were given to investigate the biological parameters of the population (birth rate, natural mortality of prey, and predators). Another numerical illustration that is seen is the behavior of prey which is less sensitive in considering the risk of predators with the growth rate of prey.
Potential of landfill microbes in hydrocarbon degradation E Munir, A Lutfia, A Hartanto, A A N Fazri, C Herdiyanti, R Pratama, O B I Sinaga, Z A Ramadani, P Hasanah Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2022 Bioprospecting study of indigenous microbial community is still being approached especially for some microbial strains in bioremediation aspect. The objective of this study was to obtain a collection of indigenous bacterial and fungal isolates capable of growing on hydrocarbon medium. Soil samples were collected from Terjun Landfill located in Medan City, North Sumatra. Mineral salt agar medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) of hydrocarbon sources (diesel oil, pesticide, dye wastewater) was used to screen the microbial capacity in utilizing the hydrocarbon compounds as sole carbon source. Each isolate was categorized based on their growth performance or colony diameter on agar medium namely none (-), slow (+), moderate (++), and rapid (+++). The results obtained a total of 27 bacterial isolates and 6 fungal isolates. Majority of microbial isolates showed a better growth on pesticide medium than in diesel oil and dye wastewater which indicated their capability in converting the pesticide as nutrient. It is worthwhile to investigate the further application of our indigenous strains in contaminated areas in order to ensure the environmental sustainability.
The Dynamics and Harvesting Effect Population One Prey Two Predator with Schooling Behavior Rian Ade Pratama, Maria F. V. Ruslau, Dessy Rizki Suryani E3s Web of Conferences, 2021 This paper, the model considered is a predator-prey model for an exploited population. Predator and prey species in the offered concept have schooling characteristics. The characteristics of schooling are very similar to behavior in natural ecosystems. Based on the equilibrium analysis obtained five equilibrium points. The equilibrium point is the only one that satisfies the equilibrium model based on the Routh-Hurwitz criteria. Meanwhile, harvesting effort using the chosen equilibrium point was also calculated in the study. The principle of bionomic equilibrium is a method of showing the results of harvesting as a parameter control. Numerical simulations are also carried tor to validate the findings in the research discussion. Parameters taken from assumptions and references become important and critical references. Trajectories show a population of prey and predator one population that continues to be sustainable despite harvesting efforts. Meanwhile, different trajectories are shown by the population of two predators, which experienced a decrease in population growth. Harvesting attempts carried out on predator two continuously until a certain time will result in serious extinctions.
Study on growth and yield of black rice M4 generation induced by 100 gamma-ray for drought resistance E Purwanto, Parjanto, R A J Pratama Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021 One of the impacts of climate change is drought stress. Drought stress is a severe threat to the present and future, especially black rice cultivation. An appropriate breakthrough needs to be created to get new varieties with drought-resistant and high-yielding character. This paper aimed to review the growth, yield, and get a genotype of black rice M4 generation from Boyolali and Bantul induced by 100 gamma-ray, with a drought-tolerant. The research was conducted at the screenhouse of Jati Village, Jaten, Karanganyar, Indonesia, from August 2020 until January 2021. The screenhouse is 200 meters above sea level, and the daily temperature ranges from 28.2 °-31 ° Celsius. The research design used was a field experiment research by planting the genotype of black rice M4 generation from Boyolali and Bantul induced by 100 gamma-ray. All black rice genotypes were given a moisture content of 50% field capacity as a drought treatment. The observation variables included growth, morpho-physiology, and yield. The data were analyzed descriptively and the comparison character of black rice M4 generation induced by 100 gamma-ray with the control using the T-test. The results showed that there was an effect of drought stress treatment on growth, yield, and there was genetic diversity between genotypes. The selection results showed that the black rice genotype from Boyolali and Bantul were better induced by 100 gamm-ray than the control genotype.
Global Analysis of Stage Structure Two Predators Two Prey Systems under Harvesting Effect for Mature Predators R A Pratama, M F V Ruslau, Nurhayati Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2021 This article examines set a prey-predator population model system with structural stages. Development of a mathematical model of a sustainable population of a population of living things. Structure stages are formed in predator populations, namely immature and mature. The predation function that corresponds to the characteristics in the ecosystem is the predation process of Holling I. The interaction in the population model that is carried out analysis is the equilibrium value formed from the population model. There are eight equilibrium values that arise from simple simulations. The equilibrium is E 1(0,0,0,0), E 2(0, k,0,0), E 3(k,0,0,0), E 4(k, k,0,0), E 5(0,0,0, A 1), E 6(A 2,0, A 3, A 4), E 7(0, A 5, A 6, A 7) and E 8(A 8, A 9, A 10, A 11). However, only one equilibrium value is analyzed to obtain stability. Stability is seen by requiring four eigenvalues with the Jacobian matrix. As well as the chosen value is used to find the amount of harvest carried out. The linearization of differential equations is an alternative way in this study to obtain equilibrium values. Each equilibrium value has the characteristics and terms of its stability. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion becomes a condition of its stability characteristics. Meanwhile, exploitation efforts in the population are carried out to see the changes that occur. Harvesting carried out obtained harvesting business W = 0.01313666667. For the maximum benefit obtained π = 4.997259008. This advantage is the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.
Solving capacitated vehicle routing problem using saving matrix, sequential insertion, and nearest neighbor of product 'X' in Grobogan district Nur Anisa Fitriani, Rama Aditya Pratama, Siti Zahro, Putranto Hadi Utomo, Titin Sri Martini Aip Conference Proceedings, 2021 One variation of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). CVRP is a VRP which has an additional vehicle capacity constraint. The purposes of this research are to solve CVRP for distribution routes in Grobogan district using the Saving Matrix Algorithm, Sequential Insertion Algorithm and Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, and to find out which one is the best solution from the three algorithms. Based on the calculations carried out in solving CVRP, the total distance traveled using the Saving Matrix Algorithm is 126.6 km, using the Sequential Insertion Algorithm is 136.4 km, using the Nearest Neighbor is 133.7 km. This show that Saving Matrix Algorithm is more effective in determining these distribution routes in the Grobogan district with the cost of the route is Rp. 96,849.
Edge detection of digital image with different edge types M F V Ruslau, R A Pratama, E Meirista Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020 Abstract In digital images processing, there are three types of edges based on intensity changes. Namely, step edges, ramp edges and edges noise. An edge is defined as a set of pixels where there is an abrupt change in colour intensity over distance. On-ramp edges where gray levels change slowly, the Gradient Method is able to detect better. On step edges where the intensity or gray levels changes very quickly the Laplace method is able to detect better than the Gradient Method. In this study, three images were used as samples and identified the type of edge of each image. Furthermore, edge detection is performed with the first derivative operator Canny and the second derivative operator Laplacian of Gaussian. The results indicate that for step edges LoG provides better results, whereas for ramp edges Canny detects better. However, by selecting the right threshold that matches the σ (standard deviation), Canny is also capable to provide good edge detection results. The greater the σ value, the threshold was chosen must be small so that the results obtained are good and easily interpreted. The Canny operator produces a thinner edge and a firmer boundary between objects and between objects on the given sigma = 1 value while the LoG operator corrects better, especially on the steep part of the value σ = 2 compared to the value σ = 1.
Optimal harvesting and stability of predator-prey model with holling type II predation respon function and stage-structure for predator R A Pratama, M F V Ruslau, D R Suryani, E Meirista Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020 Abstract This article develops mathematical models with structural stages from predators, immature and mature predators. The predation function of mature predators follows the Holling II response function. We assume that the immature predator population has the economic value, therefor the harvesting function is included in this model. In this model an analysis of the equilibrium point and stability of the interior equilibrium point is carried out. Analysis of the stability of the interior equilibrium points is done by linearization method and pay attention to the eigenvalues of the characteristics of the Jacobi matrix obtained. Analysis of equilibrium point stability is carried out before and after harvesting. The result is obtained by each of the three equilibrium points. At the equilibrium point of the interior with stable harvesting a local maximum profit analysis is obtained from the exploitation business. Based on the results of the analysis, it is obtained the value of harvesting business which provides a stable equilibrium point and maximum profit.
