Academic Professional with 22 years of Experience in Academic & Training, Research & Development and Academic Administration with B.E., M.Tech., Ph.D., Qualification.
EDUCATION
B.E, M.Tech, Ph.D
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Total Productive MaintenanceLean ManufacturingCondition MonitoringMaintenance ManagementCondition Based Maintenance
58
Scopus Publications
847
Scholar Citations
16
Scholar h-index
23
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Fracture behavior of rod-in-tube layered configurations under three-point bending: an experimental investigation Mohan Kumar, Neelakantha V. Londhe, C. G. Ramachandra, M. Srinivas Prabhu, Praveen Kumar Kanti, Chander Prakash, H. G. Prashantha Kumar, Haiter Lenin Allasi Scientific Reports, 2026 Ensuring adequate fracture resistance in structural components is a critical challenge in engineering applications, as sudden crack propagation can lead to catastrophic failure. This study investigates the fracture behavior of novel rod-in-tube layered configuration using EN8 steel, aimed at enhancing fracture resistance and delaying catastrophic failure. Specimens were prepared in accordance with ASTM standards and subjected to three-point bend tests. Stress intensity factor (SIF) values were evaluated over load point displacement and time to assess crack propagation behavior. Compared to plain rod specimens, the layered configurations demonstrated a two-stage crack growth process characterized by initial steady crack propagation and subsequent delayed failure, attributed to the presence of a physical interface that arrests crack growth and redistributes stress. The configuration with an 8 mm diameter inner rod proved as effective, extending the time to failure by approximately 115% when tested and compared with plain rod. The findings affirm the layered design's effectiveness in enhancing both safe-life and fail-safe performance, offering a promising approach for improving fracture tolerance in structural applications.
Development of carbon fiber reinforced niobium particulate epoxy composites for high-performance structural and thermal management applications Raja Thandavamoorthy, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Jagdish Bhagvanbhai Pampania, C.G. Ramachandra, Sasanka Choudhury, Kunal Sharma, Ajay Kumar, Arunkumar Devalapura Thimmappa Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2026 The growing demand for lightweight, thermally stable, and mechanically robust materials in advanced engineering systems has driven the development of multifunctional structural composites. This study presents high-performance carbon fiber/epoxy laminates reinforced with niobium (Nb) particulates (0–5 wt%; C0–C5), with a focus on their mechanical, thermal, fatigue, and microstructural behavior. Incorporation of Nb significantly enhanced composite performance, with the 4 wt% Nb system (C4) exhibiting the most notable improvements among all samples. Tensile strength increased from 219.35 to 247.93 MPa, while flexural strength reached 254.91 MPa. Impact resistance improved from 19.43 to 31.49 kJ/m 2 , accompanied by an increase in surface hardness (Shore D: 151), attributed to effective stress transfer and crack-bridging mechanisms. Fatigue strength increased from 158 to 178 MPa at 50,000 cycles, indicating improved cyclic durability. Thermal conductivity increased substantially (0.92 to 4.12 W/mK), while the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased (2.98×10 -5 to 1.42×10 -5 °C -1 ), enhancing dimensional stability under thermal loading. Heat deflection temperature increased from 149 to 169 °C, and thermogravimetric analysis showed improved char yield (28% at 800 °C), confirming enhanced thermo-oxidative stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a higher storage modulus (7035 MPa at 120 °C) and reduced damping, indicating strong interfacial interactions. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed uniform Nb dispersion and improved fiber–matrix bonding. Collectively, the C4 composite demonstrates a balanced combination of mechanical strength and thermal performance, making it suitable for thermally efficient enclosures, heat spreaders, and high-performance structural applications. • Niobium-reinforced carbon fiber composites engineered for multifunctional performance • 4 wt% Nb achieved optimal strength, fatigue life, and thermal stability enhancements • Thermal conductivity ↑ and CTE ↓ enable improved heat management and dimensional control • Strong interfacial bonding confirmed by SEM-EDX supports superior damage tolerance • Promising for battery housings, thermal spreaders, and structural energy-storage casings
Plant-derived nano-bioactive systems from industrial crops: Scalable pathways toward sustainable high-value industrial products Yuvarajan Devarajan, T. Raja, Aravindan Munusamy Kalidhas, Purvesh Patel, CG Ramachandra, Saroj Kumar Acharya, Mansingh Meena, Kulmani Mehar, Ravikumar Jayabal Industrial Crops and Products, 2026 Natural products derived from industrial crops and their byproducts constitute a vital reservoir of bioactive molecules for the agrochemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and broader bio-based manufacturing sectors. Their widespread use, however, is constrained by inherent limitations, including low solubility, chemical instability, and poor bioavailability. Emerging nano-enabled delivery platforms, including nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), polymeric nanocapsules, nanofibers, and bioactive-loaded biopolymer films, provide transformative opportunities to enhance molecular stability, tailor release kinetics, and achieve targeted and efficient functional performance. This review critically integrates state-of-the-art progress in the formulation of plant-derived nano-bioactive systems from oilseeds, fiber crops, and cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants. Emphasis is placed on sustainable metabolite extraction technologies, green nanofabrication strategies, and their validated application potential across industrial domains. The classification framework for identifying industrial crops and residue streams is clarified, and major classes of bioactives, including terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and fatty-acid-derived compounds, are systematically outlined. Key challenges and forward pathways are thoroughly discussed, particularly with respect to scalability, regulatory compliance, environmental and human health safety, and ecotoxicological assessment. Integration into circular bioeconomy models and techno-economic feasibility considerations are highlighted as essential for commercialization. Overall, this review positions plant-based nano-bioactive systems as pivotal enablers of next-generation sustainable products, accelerating industrial innovation at a global scale. • Industrial-crop nano-bioactives linked from extraction to end-use. • Green extraction aligned with nano-architectures for functional performance. • Comparative benchmarking urged against synthetic formulations. • Scale-up, safety, and regulation framed for circular bioeconomy adoption. • Research gaps identify priority industrial market entry niches.
Transforming Indian Agro-Waste into High-Performance Green Catalysts: An AI-Driven Techno-Environmental Roadmap for Circular Chemistry Christopher Selvam Damian, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Beemkumar Nagappan, Ramachandra C. G., Shakti Prakash Jena, Ravi Kumar Paliwal, Suneel Kumar Swarnkar Chemical Record, 2026 India generates over 500 million tonnes of agricultural waste annually, much of which is lignocellulosic biomass rich in silica, calcium, potassium, and carbon elements, which are favourable for catalytic applications. This study highlights the valorisation of abundant agro‐wastes such as rice husk (up to 20% silica), coconut shell (74%–78% fixed carbon), sugarcane bagasse (45%–55% cellulose), and tamarind seed (rich in polysaccharides and carbon), as cost‐effective and sustainable catalysts. Various preparation techniques, such as calcination (450°C–700°C), acid/base activation (e.g. H 2 SO 4 , KOH), and nanoparticle impregnation (e.g. CaO, ZnO, Fe 3 O 4 ), are explored to enhance the surface area (up to 250 m 2 /g) and activate functional groups. Agro‐waste‐derived catalysts exhibit high performance, achieving over 90% conversion in transesterification, efficient alcohol oxidation under mild conditions, and up to 98% dye degradation (e.g. methylene blue) within 60–90 min. Economic evaluations estimate production costs at $30–50 per ton, positioning them as competitive alternatives to conventional catalysts. Comparative insights from African innovations reveal opportunities for regional scalability. The study further explores Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐assisted catalyst design, with life‐cycle assessments indicating a potential reduction of up to 40% in greenhouse gas emissions, and integration prospects within decentralised biorefineries, supporting the transition to a circular, low‐carbon chemical economy.
Tribological Wear Analysis of Bronze-Alloy for Bearing Application C.G. Ramachandra Advances in Science and Technology, 2026 The performance and reliability of sliding bearings are strongly influenced by the tribological properties of the materials employed. In the present study, the wear behavior of a bronze alloy was investigated under lubricated conditions using SAE 20W-40 engine oil as the working fluid. To enhance performance, a bronze–Cr–Ag alloy system was developed and its tribological response was evaluated against AISI 52100 bearing steel under controlled laboratory conditions. The study focused on key parameters such as the coefficient of friction, wear rate, and material loss, which are critical in determining the operational life of bearings. Furthermore, the role of lubricants in mitigating tribocorrosion was examined, highlighting how SAE 20W-40 oil interacts with the alloy surface to form protective films, thereby minimizing direct metal-to-metal contact. The findings demonstrate that bronze-based alloys, when modified with chromium and silver, exhibit superior tribological performance in lubricated environments, making them promising candidates for sliding bearing applications.
Effect of graphene addition on tensile, flexural, and hardness behavior of GFRP composites Siraganahalli N. Nagesh, Chamarajanagar G. Ramachandra, Pallagatte C. Aruna Kumara, Praveen Kumar Kanti, Chander Prakash, Sandeep Kumar, Gabr Goshu Syum, Archana Bhat Plos One, 2026 Polymer Matrix Composites represent a new generation of engineering materials in which matrix materials are altered by reinforcing filler materials to enhance strength and other properties. In the present work, the Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites were fabricated by adding different compositions of Graphene as a Nano filler material using the Hand layup technique, followed by the Vacuum bagging process. The Graphene filler material was varied from 0 wt. %, 2 wt. %, and 4 wt. %. The prepared composites were characterized by subjecting them to various mechanical tests such as tensile test, flexural test, and micro hardness test. The experimental results revealed an increase in tensile strength by 5.48%, flexural strength by 27.74%, and a reduction in microhardness by 20% for 4 wt. % filler added GFRP compared to neat GFRP, indicating reduced brittleness and enhanced ductility. Furthermore, addition of graphene resulted in a 9% increase in elongation and improved interfacial bonding between glass fiber and epoxy matrix was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed uniform graphene dispersion, reduced voids, and improved fiber–matrix adhesion. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of 4 wt. % graphene filler achieves an optimal balance between strength, flexibility, and interfacial bonding, making these composites suitable for structural and lightweight applications.
Statistical optimization and cryogenic treatment effects on the wear behavior of stir-cast Al-SiC-Gr hybrid composites Arun Kumar K N, Ganesha B B, Ramachandra C G Engineering Research Express, 2025 Aluminum matrix composites are increasingly used in automotive and aerospace applications due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio and wear resistance; however, improving their tribological performance remains a key challenge. This study numerically investigates the wear behavior of Al6061–SiC–Gr hybrid composites fabricated by the stir casting method. The matrix alloy Al6061 was reinforced with 13 wt% Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Graphite (Gr) at 1, 2, and 3 wt% levels. Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array was employed to design experiments considering reinforcement percentage, cryogenic treatment duration (0, 24, 36, and 48 h), load (10–40 N), sliding speed (600–1200 rpm), and sliding time (5–20 min) as factors. Wear scar depth and coefficient of friction were analyzed as responses. Results showed that the Al–13%SiC–2%Gr composite exhibited the best wear resistance with the lowest wear scar depth and coefficient of friction. A 36 h cryogenic treatment further enhanced performance through microstructural refinement and phase stabilization. Fractography confirmed uniform reinforcement dispersion and the lubricating effect of graphite. The study concludes that combining hybrid reinforcement with optimized cryogenic treatment significantly improves wear performance of aluminum composites. It is recommended for applications requiring high wear resistance, and the findings imply potential for extending component life in tribological systems.
Effect of bonding characteristics of major constituents of mineral filler-based glass fiber reinforced with epoxy composites K. S. Lokesh, C. G. Ramachandra, Thandra Pavan Kumar, Praveen Kumar Kanti, Prabhu Paramasivam, Abinet Gosaye Ayanie Scientific Reports, 2025 In the present study, attempt has been made in understanding the bonding behaviour of mineral filler when it is introduced with epoxy matrix structured with e-glass fibre at molecular level. Firstly, filler content in GFRP composite was analysed through Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Here, Silicon dioxide has been chosen as a representative for E-glass fibre as Silicon dioxide holds major part in the composition of an E-glass fibre. DFT simulation techniques has been employed to study the reaction in between them. In order to increase the binding capability, wollastonite has been introduced into the system and many possible configurations were modelled for study. Out of all the models, the model with the highest dipole moment and stability has been considered. Spectral studies such as NMR, VCD and IR studies has been done to witness the oxygen atoms in the glass fibre acted as the connecting bridge in between the silicon atoms of the glass fibre and the carbon atoms of the epoxy resin. But these alone were not enough to obtain a stable structure that was described above. The calcium atoms in the wollastonite acted as better electron bridges and support for the complex. This work majorly focusses on the interactions between epoxy resin(ly556) and SiO2 molecule and the filler material wollastonite (CaSiO3).
Acceptance and usage of management information system in small scale and medium to large scale industries IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering Science and Management Icaesm 2012, 2012
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Tribological Wear Analysis of Bronze-Alloy for Bearing Application CG Ramachandra Advances in Science and Technology 175, 103-109 , 2026 2026
Development of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Niobium Particulate Epoxy Composites for High-Performance Structural and Thermal Management Applications R Thandavamoorthy, Y Devarajan, JB Pampania, CG Ramachandra, ... Journal of Materials Research and Technology , 2026 2026
Plant-derived nano-bioactive systems from industrial crops: Scalable pathways toward sustainable high-value industrial products Y Devarajan, T Raja, AM Kalidhas, P Patel, CG Ramachandra, ... Industrial Crops and Products 241, 122727 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Fracture behavior of rod-in-tube layered configurations under three-point bending: an experimental investigation M Kumar, NV Londhe, CG Ramachandra, MS Prabhu, PK Kanti, ... Scientific Reports , 2026 2026
Effect of graphene addition on tensile, flexural, and hardness behavior of GFRP composites SN Nagesh, CG Ramachandra, PC Aruna Kumara, PK Kanti, C Prakash, ... PLoS One 21 (1), e0340894 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Transforming Indian Agro‐Waste into High‐Performance Green Catalysts: An AI‐Driven Techno‐Environmental Roadmap for Circular Chemistry CS Damian, Y Devarajan, B Nagappan, R CG, SP Jena, RK Paliwal, ... The Chemical Record 26 (1), e202500152 , 2026 2026 Citations: 11
Microwave-assisted waste valorization for hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials: A critical review R Jayabal, K Mehar, I Dash, V Sandhwar, S Marupati, P Prabhakar International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 198, 152762 , 2026 2026 Citations: 3
Statistical optimization and cryogenic treatment effects on the wear behavior of stir-cast Al-SiC-Gr hybrid composites AK KN, G BB, R CG Engineering Research Express 7 (4), 0455c5 , 2025 2025
Integrated analysis of Cosmos sulphureus stem fibers as thermally stable and eco-compatible reinforcements in biocomposites P Murugadoss, R Vigneswaran, K Mehar, CG Ramachandra, ... Scientific Reports 15 (1), 39890 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Nanocatalyst-enabled waste-to-energy systems: from material innovation to techno-economic and sustainability pathways BT Nalla, BK Choudhary, M Sunil Kumar, CG Ramachandra, DR Vaghela, ... Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Recent advances in photocatalytic plastic waste conversion: a review on renewable energy pathways D Christopher Selvam, Y Devarajan, PR Behera, HR Manjunath, K Ajmeri, ... Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Preparation and examination of impact resistance of thermally aged mineral filler loaded composites KS Lokesh, T Pinto, DS Mayya, CG Ramachandra, JRN Kumar, R Pai Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 106 (2), 875-887 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Effect of bonding characteristics of major constituents of mineral filler-based glass fiber reinforced with epoxy composites KS Lokesh, CG Ramachandra, TP Kumar, PK Kanti, P Paramasivam, ... Scientific Reports 15 (1), 20474 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Effect of mineral filler on low velocity impact behaviour of bi-directional glass fibre/epoxy composites exposed to varied temperature conditions KS Lokesh, CG Ramachandra, S Mayya. D, T Varuna, PK Kanti, A Kumar, ... Plos one 20 (6), e0322208 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Unlocking the alchemy: an analysis of stainless steel creation via fused filament, de-binding and sintering R Batra, A DT, R Kumar, S Parikh, RC Gopal, V Sharma International Journal of Cast Metals Research 38 (2-3), 143-156 , 2025 2025
Application of Shot Blasting on Bronze Alloy to Enhance Surface Integrity CG Ramachandra, SN Nagesh, KS Lokesh, RU Baig, M Prashanth Pai International Conference on Materials Engineering and Functional Materials … , 2025 2025
Influence of Graphene Addition on Tensile, Flexural, and Hardness Behavior of GFRP Composites N SN, PC Aruna Kumara, R CG, PK Kanti, SK Kumar, CP Prakash, ... 2025
Surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in spark machining with equal channel angular pressing: Processed copper electrode and optimization of process parameters using response … R Gopal, K Ananthakumar, T Arunnellaiappan Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 33 (18), 9346-9355 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Modification to traditional vertical axis wind turbine system to implement permanent magnet propelling phenomenon as measure of performance enhancement S Hegde, R CG, PP M Engineering Research Express 6 (3), 035574 , 2024 2024
Comparative study on manufacturing of EDM electrodes by laser sintering process S Shashank, T Pinto, CG Ramachandra, MJ Raghavendra Engineering Research Express 6 (3), 035501 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Understanding cylinder temperature effects in laser beam melting of polymers. Lecture notes in mechanical engineering S Greiner, A Jaksch, D Drummer Springer, New York , 2021 2021 Citations: 87
Experimental determination of thermophysical properties of Indonesian fly-ash nanofluid for heat transfer applications P Kanti, KV Sharma, R CG, WH Azmi Particulate Science and Technology 39 (5), 597-606 , 2021 2021 Citations: 50
Implementing the Lean Framework in a Small & Medium & Enterprise (SME)–Acase Study in Printing Press JP Rishi, TR Srinivas, CG Ramachandra, BC Ashok IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 376 (1), 012126 , 2018 2018 Citations: 38
Effect of tool wear & machinability studies on polymer composites; a review KS Lokesh, T Pinto, CG Ramachandra International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems 1 (5), 71-77 , 2017 2017 Citations: 36
Stability and thermophysical properties of fly ash nanofluid for heat transfer applications P Kanti, KV Sharma, CG Ramachandra, B Panitapu Heat Transfer , 2020 2020 Citations: 31
Experimental study on density and thermal conductivity properties of Indian coal fly ash water-based nanofluid P Kanti, VS Korada, CG Ramachandra, PHV Sesha Talpa Sai International Journal of Ambient Energy 43 (1), 2557-2562 , 2022 2022 Citations: 29
Thermal performance of fly ash nanofluids at various inlet fluid temperatures: An experimental study P Kanti, KV Sharma, CG Ramachandra, M Gupta International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 119, 104926 , 2020 2020 Citations: 29
The effect of metal filler on the mechanical performance of epoxy resin composites R CG, MP BH Engineering Proceedings 59 (1), 200 , 2024 2024 Citations: 26
Thermophysical properties of fly ash–Cu hybrid nanofluid for heat transfer applications P Kanti, KV Sharma, M Revanasiddappa, CG Ramachandra, S Akilu Heat Transfer 49 (8), 4491-4510 , 2020 2020 Citations: 25
A study on usage of total productive maintenance (TPM) in selected SMEs M Prashanth Pai, CG Ramachandra, TR Srinivas, MJ Raghavendra IOP conference series: materials science and engineering 376 (1), 012117 , 2018 2018 Citations: 25
Implementation of total productive maintenance (TPM) to increase overall equipment efficiency of an hotel industry B Manjunatha, TR Srinivas, CG Ramachandra MATEC Web of Conferences 144, 05004 , 2018 2018 Citations: 24
Effect of ball milling on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Indian coal fly ash nanofluid P Kanti, KV Sharma, CG Ramachandra, AA Minea Heat Transfer , 2020 2020 Citations: 23
Experimental study on tribological characteristics of E-waste filled fibre reinforced plastics KS Lokesh, BY Karthik, CG Avinash, SL Ganesh Kamath International Journal of Scientific Research in Mechanical and Materials … , 2018 2018 Citations: 22
OEE-A tool to measure the effectiveness of TPM implementation in industries-A review CG Ramachandra, PM Prashanth, TR Srinivas, MJ Raghavendra GRD Journals-Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering 1 (12 … , 2016 2016 Citations: 20
A study on development and implementation of a computerized maintenance management information system for a process industry CG Ramachandra, TR Srinivas, TS Shruthi International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) 2 (5) , 2012 2012 Citations: 19
Measurement and multi-response optimization of spark erosion machining parameters for titanium alloy using hybrid taguchi–grey relational analysis–principal component analysis … R Gopal, K Thirunavukkarasu, V Kavimani, PM Gopal Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30 (4), 3129-3143 , 2021 2021 Citations: 18
Optimization of surface roughness in turning operation in machining of TI-6AL-4V (titanium grade-5) MJ Raghavendra, CG Ramachandra, TR Srinivas, MP Pai IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 376 (1), 012118 , 2018 2018 Citations: 15
Behavior of ECAP processed copper electrodes in electrical discharge machining of AISI H13 steel R Gopal, KR Thangadurai, K Thirunavukkarasu Materials Today: Proceedings 21, 295-298 , 2020 2020 Citations: 14
Numerical study on fly ash–Cu hybrid nanofluid heat transfer characteristics P Kanti, KV Sharma, CG Ramachandra, M Gurumurthy, ... IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1013 (1), 012031 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Studies on Leaf Blight of Dicoccum Wheat Caused by Exserohilum Hawaiiensis (Bugnicourt) Subram and Jain, Ex. MB Ellis: CG Ramachandra CG Ramachandra University of Agricultural Sciences. , 2000 2000 Citations: 13
