Optimizing room occupancy estimation on the edge: A TinyML and sensor network approach Mehal Pandkar, Shashank Nambiar, Ayush Sinha, Prachi Sharma Results in Engineering, 2026 • TinyML-based system achieves real-time room occupancy estimation on the ESP32. • Combines environmental sensing with edge-based machine learning for smart buildings. • Random Forest model outperforms others with R² = 0.923 and MAE = 0.217. • Low latency (997 µs) and minimal storage (1.426 MB) ensure edge deployment feasibility. • Offers a low-cost, privacy-conscious alternative for occupancy detection. This research study has developed a new method of determining room occupancy in real time using TinyML (Machine Learning) and an ESP32 Microcontroller to create more efficient smart buildings that consume less energy. It consists of collecting environmental data from non-intrusive sensors, including CO₂ concentration, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and human presence. Machine Learning models provide support in predicting occupancy levels with sufficient accuracy based on the collected environmental data. From the tested machine learning models (Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, XGBoost), Random Forest model outperformed all others with the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE = 0.217), Mean Square Error (MSE = 0.115), and highest R² score (0.923) when measured against testing datasets. The occupancy predictive model has a very low inference latency (997 μs) and a small amount of memory stamps to conserve resources, using only 1.426 MB storage and 1.175 MB memory when deployed in an ESP32. These results validate the ESP32’s capability for accurate, low-latency, edge-based occupancy estimation, providing a low-cost, energy-efficient solution for enhancing real-time automation in smart building environments.
Nanosensors for Environmental Pollution Detection A. Gorshkova, M. Gorshkov, Prachi Sharma, Prabhash Mishra, V. Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi Nanoparticles for Pollution Management, 2026 Environmental pollution is making a drastic impact on human life. That is one of the reasons green technology started to be one of the main challenges humanity is facing today. To develop and implement such transformation one needs to control the changes it brings. That is where gas sensors reach out in help. In this book chapter gas sensors based on new materials and technologies are discussed. Sensors based on carbon nanotubes and 2D materials are emphasized for their superior sensitivity and novelty. The sensors for NO2 gas are pointed out as for one of the most hazardous gases. The chapter also describes general behavior of these sensors and explains physical and chemical principles behind them. Also, main constructions of these sensors and their modifications are reviewed. In conclusion perspectives and tendencies of different technologies are analyzed and their implementation is reviewed by a current state of industry.
Impact of TiS3 Integration on Porous Silicon Photodetector Performance A. Rymzhina, Prachi Sharma, V. Platonov, V. Podlipnov, V. Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi Optical Memory and Neural Networks Information Optics, 2025 The paper presents a comparison study results on the heterostructure between TiS3 and Porous Silicon with pure Porous Silicon optoelectronic properties for photonics applications. To do this, titanium trisulfide, Porous Silicon and a heterostructure between them were synthesized and investigated. The TiS3/P–Si heterostructure-based photodetector demonstrated a significant performance enhancement over the pure P–Si device. Key results include an 8 to 10 fold increase in photoresponsivity (reaching up to ~190 A/W at 2 V bias, wavelength of 632.8 nm and 0.3 mW/cm2 light power density), quantum efficiency (exceeding 37%), and detectivity (up to 2.26 × 1010 Jones). Furthermore, the heterostructure exhibited a much faster response time of 0.015 s compared to 0.169 s for the pure P–Si device. The results demonstrate the relevance of using heterostructures for the development of new generation photodetectors.
IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System using ESP32 Darshil Patel, Krishi Koradia, Prachi Sharma 7th International Conference on Energy Power and Environment Icepe 2025, 2025 Maintaining water quality is essential for many industrial activities, environmental health, and human well-being. Effective and ongoing monitoring has become vital due to the rise in water contamination brought on by human activity. Conventional techniques for monitoring water quality are time-consuming and costly and do not provide real-time data. This study investigates the creation of an IoT-based water quality monitoring system that is economical, scalable, and effective. The system continuously gathers and sends water quality data to a Firebase cloud database using an ESP32 microcontroller and sensors for temperature, turbidity, pH, and TDS. Real-time data access and remote monitoring are made possible by the incorporation of IoT technology, providing a workable answer to problems with water quality.
Low Power Design Analysis of ALU Using FinFET Sujit Suresh, Akarsha Ram, Aakash M, Prachi Sharma 3rd IEEE International Conference on Device Intelligence Computing and Communication Technologies Dicct 2025, 2025 This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of low-power design methods for the implementation of the Arithmetic Logical Unit using Fin- Field Effective Transistor. The study evaluates four new important low-power methodologies: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Gate Diffusion Input, Subthreshold and Adiabatic design. The paper aims to be the first of its kind to provide a comparative analysis using these four low-power models in FinFET Technology using the Cadence Virtuoso designing tool. FinFET, being a modern technology with lower power leakage than the conventional MOSFET, is being used in the four design models to test feasibility. These models showcase the practical implications of deploying these sophisticated models in an 8-bit Arithmetic logical unit to harness real-life use cases. The study investigates the tradeoff between the number of transistors required in each design, the power efficiency obtained, the area utilized, the delay, leakage current and the voltage transfer curve. The models are implemented in an ALU to understand how they would perform in real-world computational needs. We were able to obtain a reduction in power consumption of 76% provided by the Subthreshold Adiabatic Logic ALU and a decrease of 83% in the case of GDI based ALU. The findings contribute to understanding how FinFET 7nm technology can optimize power consumption for various digital applications, with potential benefits for both high-performance and low-power domains.
Power Consumption and SNM Analysis of 6T and 7T SRAM Using 90 nm Technology Devanshi Tripathi, Vedha Tripathi, Siddhant Bhushan, Prachi Sharma Advancing VLSI Through Machine Learning Innovations and Research Perspectives, 2025 A pivotal finding of the chapter is the proposed 7T SRAM cell, which stands out for its ability to reduce power consumption compared to the standard 6T SRAM cell. The 7T SRAM cell achieves notable improvements in power efficiency without compromising performance. Furthermore, the chapter evaluates various performance metrics to comprehensively compare the two cell types. Key parameters such as power consumption and static noise margin (SNM) during read and write operations are thoroughly analyzed. In essence, the research paper provides valuable insights into low-power memory operation and semiconductor memory design, offering a compelling case for the adoption of 7T SRAM cells as a viable alternative to conventional 6T cells. By systematically evaluating performance parameters and proposing innovative solutions, this chapter significantly contributes to advancing memory technologies in the nanometer regime and underscores the importance of 90 nm VLSI technology in this context.
Ultra-fast highly sensitive flexible infrared detector , A.R. Rymzhina, P. Sharma, , , V.V. Podlipnov, , , D.N. Artemyev, , K.N. Tukmakov, , V.S. Pavelyev, , , V.I. Platonov, , P. Mishra, , , N. Tripathi, and Computer Optics, 2024 A comparative analysis of photodetectors based on TiS2 nanosheets and on TiS2 nanosheets functionalized with silver nitrate is carried out. TiS2 nanosheets were synthesized by a chemical vapor transport technique, followed by a 1-hour ultrasonication treatment. The obtained solution was deposited between interdigitated electrodes fabricated on the surface of a flexible substrate using a dielectrophoresis process. Polyethylene terephthalate was used as a flexible substrate material. The characteristics of the fabricated photodetectors were determined by illuminating them with tunable-power laser light at 1064 nm. A significant effect of silver nitrate particles scattered in the volume of the photodetector sensitive material on its efficiency is observed. The superiority of the photodetector based on TiS2 nanosheets functionalized with silver nitrate is demonstrated. This photodetector demonstrates a significant response for all the laser light powers used (11.6, 19.6, 51, 100, and 150 mW), shows fast response (0.23±0.01 s) and recovery (0.49±0.02 s) times, coupled with high sensitivity (260∙103±7∙103 A/W), quantum efficiency (303∙103±8∙103 A/W∙nm) and detectivity (3.10∙1013±0.09∙1013 Jones) at an incident laser light power of 11.6 mW. The results obtained in this study can be used for the development and optimization of modern optoelectronic devices.
Biotechnology for Gas Sensing M. Gorshkov, A. Gorshkova, Prachi Sharma, Prabhash Mishra, V. Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi Nanoscale Sensors and their Applications in Biomedical Imaging, 2024
Study of Some TMCs Heterostructures Band Diagrams for Photonics Applications Anastasiia Rymzhina, Ivan Andreev, Azamat Temirbulatov, Prachi Sharma, Vladimir Platonov, Vladimir Pavelyev, Prabhash Mishra, Nishant Tripathi 2024 10th International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology Itnt 2024, 2024
Development of transition metal dichalcogenides for modern photodetector devices Sunil Kumar, Nishant Tripathi, Prachi Sharma, Vladimir Pavelyev, Vladimir Podlipnov, Sergey Stafeev, Prabhash Mishra, Daria Shishkina, Vladimir Platonov, Anastasiia Rymzhina Proceedings of Itnt 2021 7th IEEE International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology, 2021
Two dimensional simulation and analysis of density-of-states (Dos) in top-gated Nanocrystalline Silicon thin film transistor (nc-Si TFT) International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials, 2017
Structural design and operating principles of self-powered photodetectors N Tripathi, P Sharma, I Kozlova, V Pavelyev, V Platonov, P Mishra Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 37 (4), 357 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Two-Dimensional Heterostructures: Synthesis, Integration, and Technological Applications A Rymzhina, V Pavelyev, P Sharma, P Mishra, I Kozlova, N Tripathi Journal of Electronic Materials, 1-39 , 2025 2025
Impact of TiS 3 Integration on Porous Silicon Photodetector Performance A Rymzhina, P Sharma, V Platonov, V Podlipnov, V Pavelyev, N Tripathi Optical Memory and Neural Networks 34 (Suppl 3), S504-S513 , 2025 2025
Global case studies and collaborative frameworks MK Jana, P Mukherjee, SS Chatla, P Sharma, J Mistry, V Swarup, ... Progress in brain research 297, 377-426 , 2025 2025
Biotechnology for Gas Sensing M Gorshkov, A Gorshkova, P Sharma, P Mishra, V Pavelyev, N Tripathi Nanoscale Sensors and their Applications in Biomedical Imaging, 189-203 , 2024 2024
Development and validation of a portable gas chromatograph method for quantitative determination of oxygen and toxic gas impurities in medical oxygen using planar … EV Galeeva, RR Galeev, P Sharma, DV Somov, DA Semanov, ... 분석과학 37 (5), 261-270 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Study of some TMCs heterostructures band diagrams for photonics applications A Rymzhina, I Andreev, A Temirbulatov, P Sharma, V Platonov, ... 2024 X International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Recent trends in the fabrication of photodetectors: A detailed analysis on the photodetection properties of new 2D-TMCs A Rymzhina, P Sharma, V Pavelyev, P Mishra, N Tripathi Materials Today Communications 35, 106247 , 2023 2023 Citations: 22
TiS 3 Nanoribbons: A Novel Material for Ultra-Sensitive Photodetection across Extreme Temperature Ranges M Talib, N Tripathi, S Manzoor, P Sharma, V Pavelyev, VS Volkov, ... Sensors 23 (10), 4948 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Development of high-performance broadband optical detector for cryogenic to elevated operating temperature PM M Talib, S Manzoor, P Sharma, N Tripathi* , V Platonov, V Pavelyev, V S ... Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 158, 107364 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
A detailed study on Carbon Nanotubes: properties, synthesis, and characterization PM Nishant Tripathi, Prachi Sharma, Vladimir Pavelyev Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Commercial Applications , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
Realization of Microfluidic Preconcentrator for N-Pentane Traces Impurities from the Gaseous Media V Platonov, P Sharma, M Ledyaev, MA Anikina, NA Djuzhev, ... Materials 15 (22), 8090 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Advances in transition metal dichalcogenides-based flexible photodetectors V Pavelyev, P Sharma, A Rymzhina, P Mishra, N Tripathi Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 33 (32), 24397-24433 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Synthesis of highly sensitive nanomaterial for ultra-fast photocatalytic activity: A detailed study on photocatalytic capabilities of rod-shaped TiS3 nanostructures J Singh, P Sharma, N Tripathi, D Shishkina, A Rymzhina, EA Boltov, ... Catalysis Communications 162, 106381 , 2022 2022 Citations: 18
Development of transition metal dichalcogenides for modern photodetector devices S Kumar, N Tripathi, P Sharma, V Pavelyev, V Podlipnov, S Stafeev, ... 2021 International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology … , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
Very low price smartphone fundus camera innovation with basic amenities–a novel approach toward undergraduate teaching S Das, S Verma, P Sharma, U Midya, R Sahu, K Saini Medical Journal of Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth 14 (5), 592-595 , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
Development of ultra-sensitive broadband photodetector: a detailed study on hidden photodetection-properties of TiS2 nanosheets M Talib, N Tripathi, P Sharma, PMZ Hasan, AA Melaibari, R Darwesh, ... Journal of Materials Research and Technology 14, 1243-1254 , 2021 2021 Citations: 32
Review of titanium trisulfide (TiS3): A novel material for next generation electronic and optical devices N Tripathi, V Pavelyev, P Sharma, S Kumar, A Rymzhina, P Mishra Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 127, 105699 , 2021 2021 Citations: 71
Review—Recent Advances in the Development of Carbon Nanotubes Based Flexible Sensors AK Sunil Kumar, Vladimir Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi, Vladimir Platonov ... Journal of The Electrochemical Society, , 2020 2020 Citations: 57
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A review on 2D transition metal di-chalcogenides and metal oxide nanostructures based NO2 gas sensors FC S Kumar, V Pavelyev, P Mishra, N Tripathi, P Sharma Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 107, 104865 , 2020 2020 Citations: 218
Analysis on the synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: growth mechanism and techniques NT Prachi Sharma, Vladimir Pavelyev, Sunil Kumar, Prabhash Mishra, S. S. Islam Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics , 2020 2020 Citations: 73
Review of titanium trisulfide (TiS3): A novel material for next generation electronic and optical devices N Tripathi, V Pavelyev, P Sharma, S Kumar, A Rymzhina, P Mishra Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 127, 105699 , 2021 2021 Citations: 71
Review—Recent Advances in the Development of Carbon Nanotubes Based Flexible Sensors AK Sunil Kumar, Vladimir Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi, Vladimir Platonov ... Journal of The Electrochemical Society, , 2020 2020 Citations: 57
Development of ultra-sensitive broadband photodetector: a detailed study on hidden photodetection-properties of TiS2 nanosheets M Talib, N Tripathi, P Sharma, PMZ Hasan, AA Melaibari, R Darwesh, ... Journal of Materials Research and Technology 14, 1243-1254 , 2021 2021 Citations: 32
Advances in transition metal dichalcogenides-based flexible photodetectors V Pavelyev, P Sharma, A Rymzhina, P Mishra, N Tripathi Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 33 (32), 24397-24433 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Nanocrystalline silicon thin film prepared by e-beam evaporation for display application P Sharma, N Tripathi, N Gupta Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 28 (4), 3891-3896 , 2017 2017 Citations: 23
Recent trends in the fabrication of photodetectors: A detailed analysis on the photodetection properties of new 2D-TMCs A Rymzhina, P Sharma, V Pavelyev, P Mishra, N Tripathi Materials Today Communications 35, 106247 , 2023 2023 Citations: 22
Investigation on material selection for gate dielectric in nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) top-gated thin film transistor (TFT) using Ashby’s, VIKOR and TOPSIS P Sharma, N Gupta Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 26 (12), 9607-9613 , 2015 2015 Citations: 22
Synthesis of highly sensitive nanomaterial for ultra-fast photocatalytic activity: A detailed study on photocatalytic capabilities of rod-shaped TiS3 nanostructures J Singh, P Sharma, N Tripathi, D Shishkina, A Rymzhina, EA Boltov, ... Catalysis Communications 162, 106381 , 2022 2022 Citations: 18
Development of high-performance broadband optical detector for cryogenic to elevated operating temperature PM M Talib, S Manzoor, P Sharma, N Tripathi* , V Platonov, V Pavelyev, V S ... Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 158, 107364 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
Analysis and optimization of photonics devices manufacturing technologies based on Carbon Nanotubes VP N Tripathi, VS Pavelyev, VS But, SA Lebedev, S Kumar, P Sharma, P Mishra ... Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1368 (2), 022034 , 2019 2019 Citations: 17
TiS 3 Nanoribbons: A Novel Material for Ultra-Sensitive Photodetection across Extreme Temperature Ranges M Talib, N Tripathi, S Manzoor, P Sharma, V Pavelyev, VS Volkov, ... Sensors 23 (10), 4948 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Model for threshold voltage instability in top-gated nanocrystalline silicon thin film transistor P Sharma, N Gupta Journal of Computational Electronics 15 (2), 666-671 , 2016 2016 Citations: 13
A detailed study on Carbon Nanotubes: properties, synthesis, and characterization PM Nishant Tripathi, Prachi Sharma, Vladimir Pavelyev Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Commercial Applications , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
Threshold voltage modeling on nanocrystalline silicon thin-film transistors P Sharma, N Gupta J. Electron Devices 19, 1608 , 2014 2014 Citations: 5
Study of some TMCs heterostructures band diagrams for photonics applications A Rymzhina, I Andreev, A Temirbulatov, P Sharma, V Platonov, ... 2024 X International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Electronic behavior of nanocrystalline silicon thin film transistor P Sharma, N Gupta Nanomaterials and Their Applications, 209-233 , 2017 2017 Citations: 3
Development and validation of a portable gas chromatograph method for quantitative determination of oxygen and toxic gas impurities in medical oxygen using planar … EV Galeeva, RR Galeev, P Sharma, DV Somov, DA Semanov, ... 분석과학 37 (5), 261-270 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
