Lecturer, Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences Botswana International University of Science and Technology
Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles using marula (Sclerocarya birrea) leaf extract for catalytic degradation of rhodamine 6 G and methylene blue dyes under UV light irradiation Tsholofelo Khao, Robert O. Gembo, Sebusi Odisitse, Cecil K. King'ondu Next Materials, 2025 This study investigated the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using marula leaf extract. Boiling water was used to extract the active marula ingredients, which were then processed hydrothermally with zinc precursor to synthesize ZnO NPs. Under UV light irradiation, the produced ZnO NPs were used to simultaneously degrade two dyes: methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine 6 G (R6G) in a binary dye mixture. The XRD analysis showed that pure and crystalline structures of ZnO NPs were fully formed after calcination at 350 ℃. Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the materials’ molecular functional groups using the fingerprint regions on the spectra. The distinctive peaks at 318, 429, and 566 cm−1 were used to identify ZnO NPs. SEM showed that ZnO NPs had both sphere-like and agglomerated nanorod structures and BET analysis showed that the ZnO materials had a an average pore size of 2818.35 (Å) with a pore volume of 0.008846 cm3/g and a surface area of 21.29 ± 0.07 m2/g. CT350-ZnO NPs afforded simultaneous MB and R6G degradation efficiencies of 99 and 98 %, respectively, after a time interval of 75 min. The degradation efficiency increased with the catalyst amount, contact time, and reaction temperature and decreased as the original concentration was raised. This study shows that ZnO NPs have a great deal of promise for environmental and public health protection because of their high effectiveness in degrading binary dye combinations when exposed to UV light.
Unlocking the valorization potential of Rooibos tea waste-derived activated carbon in the adsorptive removal of remazol brilliant blue R dye Robert O. Gembo, Sebusi Odisitse, Titus A.M. Msagati, Cecil K. King’ondu Next Sustainability, 2024 In this work, we report the use of spent rooibos tea leaves to fabricate activated carbon and use it to adsorptively remove the toxic Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from the aqueous solution. The resulting activated carbon (SRTLAC) was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N2 adsorption/desorption for surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction for morphological, functional group and crystallinity analyses. A Taguchi design approach was employed to determine the optimal conditions for the RBBR adsorption onto SRTLAC. Among the process variables studied, the sorbent dosage, initial concentration, and pH predominantly affected the removal capacity. The maximum removal of 246.5 mg/g was attained at the highest initial RBBR concentration of 120 mg/L, solution pH of 2, sorbent dosage of 20 mg, and agitation time of 110 min. The analysis of variance results showed that RBBR initial concentration contributed the most significant percentage (95.33 %) towards the removal uptake, highlighting its considerable impact. The adsorption data collected at various concentrations (20 – 120 mg/L) were modelled using three non-linear regression isotherms and kinetic models. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the optimal fit for adsorption, suggesting a monolayer and homogenous sorption system with a maximum capacity of 491.38 mg/g. Meanwhile, the pseudo-2nd order kinetic models accurately elucidated the sorption mechanism. The RBBR species interacted with the SRTLAC functional groups via hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and ion-dipole forces. Therefore, SRTLAC presents a powerful tool for ridding the environment of RBBR dye pollution.
Nickel mixed ligand complexes against drug resistant bacteria: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activities and molecular docking studies Sebusi Odisitse, James T.P. Matshwele, Ofentse Mazimba, Taye B. Demissie, Morongwa Moseki, Lebogang G. Julius, Mosimanegape Jongman, Florence Nareetsile Results in Chemistry, 2023 Five new nickel complexes of the type NiCl2L2 where (L is 4-picolylchloride (4PY), pyridin-4-ylmethyl 4-nitrobenzoate (L1), 4-(pyridine-4-ylmethoxy)aniline (L2), pyridin-4-ylmethyl 4-aminobenzoate (L3) and 4-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)pyridine (L4)) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Four of the complexes were synthesized using a green method of co-grinding using a pestle and mortar. All the complexes synthesized by the mechanochemical method were recovered at favorable yields between 70 to 78%, while Ni4PY was recovered at 47.1%. The thermal studies showed the different transformations of the complexes and their thermal stability through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), while Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the loss of different components of the complexes cementing their successful synthesis. FTIR data revealed all the significant functional groups originating from the ligands in the new complexes. The characterization results demonstrated the successful synthesis of these complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility studies showed all the complexes to be d8 tetrahedral, except NiL1 which showed a partial d8 octahedral geometry. To better understand the biological activities, molecular docking calculations against the PBP2a proteins from S. aureus, OmpK36 proteins from K. pneumoniae, and DHPS proteins were also carried out. According to the results, the active nickel complexes should have had better activity than the control drug AgSD, however their activity was decreased due to solubility issues.