Harmonic distortion assessment of EV charging penetration and superconducting magnetic energy storage integration in a 400 V distribution network: EMT simulation based on a Universiti Putra Malaysia Campus Feeder Abdul Hafiz Abdul Karim, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Xinzhi Liu, Norhafiz Azis, Nor Mohd Haziq Norsahperi, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid Abda Engineering Research Express, 2026 This paper presents a detailed harmonic distortion analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charger deployment within a real 400 V low-voltage (LV) distribution network at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), conducted in alignment with national targets under Malaysia’s Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint (LCMB). A hybrid EV modelling framework is proposed that integrates conventional P + jQ load characteristics with externally injected harmonic currents derived from empirically validated spectra for 22 kW AC and 70 kW DC fast chargers. Five scenarios are modelled, including a baseline with two AC chargers and progressively intensified cases involving up to 16 DC chargers. To assess harmonic mitigation, a 0.15 MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is also integrated into selected cases. Results indicate that current total demand distortion (TDD) increasing from 0.42% in the baseline to 7.59% in the high-load mixed scenario, with voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) peaking at 7.87%. SMES implementation reduces TDD by up to 3.43% and THD by 3.56%, demonstrating modest passive damping effects. The modelling approach enables accurate, scalable simulation of harmonic behavior in EV-dense grids with low computational cost. The study’s novelty lies in its harmonically calibrated yet simplified EV representation and its application to a real distribution feeder, providing practical insights for power quality planning in emerging EV infrastructures.
Advanced position control and artificial intelligence strategies for robust robotic manipulators with energy-saving features: a comprehensive review Maryam Yasser Elshishini, Nor Mohd Haziq Norsahperi, Mohd Khair Hassan, Hafiz Rashidi Ramli, Wan Zuha Wan Hasan, Azura Che Soh, Norhafiz Azis Systems Science and Control Engineering, 2026 This paper provides a comprehensive review of advanced control systems and artificial intelligence techniques for robotic manipulators, emphasizing their role in enhancing position accuracy, robustness against uncertainties, and energy efficiency. Robotic manipulators are rapidly becoming key systems in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and disaster response. In practical environments, robotic manipulators are prone to uncertainties that degrade position accuracy, safety, and energy efficiency. Furthermore, there is increasing worldwide concern over energy efficiency due to environmental and resource constraints. Therefore, designing a reliable control system under uncertainties with improved energy efficiency is a challenging task, considering the trade-off between robustness and energy use. Most previous reviews focus mainly on position control under uncertainties, while this review highlights control systems and artificial intelligence techniques addressing both energy consumption and position accuracy. This paper identifies key challenges and limitations and provides directions for future work, including integrating multiple control systems with artificial intelligence to improve accuracy and energy efficiency.
Output Capacitance Extraction of p-GaN HEMTs under Multi Pulse Switching Across Variable Frequencies and Drain-Bias Stress Xinzhi Liu, Junting Chen, Shanshan Wang, Sijiang Wu, Zuoheng Jiang, Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi, Norhafiz Azis, Suhaidi Shafie, Mengyuan Hua IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2026 This study proposes a method to extract the output capacitance (COSS) of 200 V Schottky p-GaN HEMTs under multi-pulse switching conditions. By employing a gate-source shorted configuration, both CGD and CDS are captured during switching transients. To minimize ringing oscillations, a four layer printed circuit board (PCB) with low parasitic inductance was designed, along with a top-cooled heat sink to enhance thermal management. The results under various switching frequencies and off-state VDS biases reveal that COSS variations arise from the combined effects of VDS-induced electron trapping during the off-state and hole injection during reverse conduction. The extraction method and findings contribute to the accurate evaluation of COSS in multi-pulse switching applications and aid in the design of power converters and the switching performance prediction of GaN power devices.
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Power Efficiency and Output Capacitance in Standalone PV MPPT Buck Converters Using 200 V p-GaN HEMTs Xinzhi Liu, Suhaidi Shafie, Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi, Norhafiz Azis, Abdul Hafiz Abdul Karim, Nurbahirah Norddin, Ismail Lawal Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2025 This study addresses the inefficiencies and limitations of conventional silicon-based MOSFETs in photovoltaic (PV) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) buck converters by introducing a simulation based approach to assess 200 V Schottky p -GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). Motivated by the need for more efficient and reliable renewable energy solutions, the study explores the advantages of Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices in overcoming challenges such as limited power capacity, poor efficiency, and heat dissipation inherent in traditional semiconductors. By integrating MATLAB Simulink and SPICE simulation techniques, the transfer characteristics of GaN HEMTs are compared against those of MOSFET and Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices, with a specific focus on the impact of output capacitance ( C OSS ) extraction on system performance. A duty cycle controlled Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is introduced, and a comprehensive evaluation of a standalone PV array under varying irradiance conditions is conducted. The analysis extends to a hard-switching multi-pulse test under constant input, contrasting GaN with MOSFET and SiC devices to highlight GaN’s superior efficiency and suitability for remote energy applications. Conclusive simulations reveal that 200 V p -GaN HEMTs exhibit 2.24 times lower average power losses during hard-switching cycles compared to MOSFETs, demonstrating their exceptional performance in optimizing standalone PV MPPT buck converters. This advancement significantly contributes to enhancing the efficiency and reliability of renewable energy systems globally.
Morphological Study on Corrosive Sulphur Development in Transformer Windings A. M. Selva, N. Azis, M. Z. A. Ab Kadir, J. Jasni, H. Zainuddin, M. F. M Yousof 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference in Power Engineering Applications Powering the Future Innovations for Sustainable Development Icpea 2024, 2024
AC Withstand Voltage of Palm Oil based CuO nanofluids with CTAB, SDS and OA Nur Aqilah Mohamad, Norhafiz Azis, Ahmad Razani Haron, Thien Yee Von, Zaini Yaakub 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy Advancement in Power and Energy Systems Towards Sustainable and Resilient Energy Supply Pecon 2022, 2022
FRA Indicator Limit for Faulty Winding Assessment in Rotating Machine Mohd Fairouz Mohd Yousof, Ahmed Allawy Alawady, Salem Mgammal Al-Ameri, Norhafiz Azis, Hazlee Azil Illias Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, 2021
Lightning surge on the DC and AC side of solar PV system N. H. Zaini, M. Z. A. Ab-Kadir, M. A. M. Radzi, N. Azis, N. I. Ahmad, M. S. M. Nasir, M. Izadi, N. F. Ab Aziz, Z. Ali 2019 11th Asia Pacific International Conference on Lightning APL 2019, 2019
Efficient Charging Pad for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Direct Contact M.R. Al-Obaidi, M. A. Mustafa, Wan Zuha Wan Hasan, Norhafiz B. Azis, A. H. Sabry, S.P. Ang, Zainidi Haji Abdul Hamid 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation Measurement and Application Icsima 2018, 2019
New Optimization Technique to Design the Core of Three-Phase Transformer Omar Sh. Alyozbaky, Mohd Zainal A. Ab Kadir, Mahdi Izadi, Chandima Gomes, Norhafiz B. Azis, Maryam Bt. Mohd. Isa 2nd International Conference on Electrical Communication Computer Power and Control Engineering Iceccpce 2019, 2019
Hybrid systems for robotic navigations uhammmad Farhan, Mohd Nazim Mohtar, Suhaidi Shafie, Norhafiz Azis, Wan Zuha Wan Hassan Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 2019
Unmanned aerial vehicle quadcopter: A review Omar I. Dallal Bashi, W. Z. Wan Hasan, N Azis, S Shafie, Hiroaki Wagatsuma Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2017
Quadcopter sensing system for risky area Omar I. Dallal Bashi, W. Z. Wan Hasan, N. Azis, S. Shafie, Hiroaki Wagatsuma Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics Rsm 2017, 2017
Lightning breakdown voltages of refined bleached and deodorised palm oil under needle-plane configuration Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2017
Top-oil temperature model for transformers based on nonlinear thermal resistance, lumped capacitance and thermal-electrical analogy Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2017
Assessment of transformer health index using different model Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2017
Integration of Ultra-Capacitor and battery as hybrid energy storage with intelligent controller for effecient electric vehicle application International Journal of Control Theory and Applications, 2016
Electrical performance of 10kV polymer insulator under lightning induced voltage condition Cigre Session 46, 2016
Advanced position control and artificial intelligence strategies for robust robotic manipulators with energy-saving features: a comprehensive review MY Elshishini, NMH Norsahperi, MK Hassan, H Rashidi Ramli, ... Systems Science & Control Engineering 14 (1), 2657100 , 2026 2026
Modelling of the partial discharge within insulation paper under double spherical cavity MH Roslan, N Azis, MZA Ab Kadir, J Jasni, MFM Yousof Electric Power Systems Research 257, 112978 , 2026 2026
Electromagnetic transient simulation of EV fast charging on distribution networks: Comparative evaluation with PV integration AHA Karim, MZA Ab Kadir, X Liu, N Azis, NMH Norsahperi, ZMK Abda Journal of Energy Storage 155, 121535 , 2026 2026
Assessment of viscosity changes due to residual mineral oil in synthetic ester oil NA Othman, H Zainuddin, MS Yahaya, N Azis, Z Ibrahim, MAC Musni AIP Conference Proceedings 3462 (1), 090005 , 2026 2026
An Impedance-Matching Technique for Suppressing Spurious Switching in Flyback Converters with Parasitic Effects MF YAAKUB, MAM RADZI, N AZIS, S SHAFIE, M AZRI, FHM NOH Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 173 , 2026 2026
Harmonic distortion assessment of EV charging penetration and superconducting magnetic energy storage integration in a 400 V distribution network: EMT simulation based on a … AH Abdul Karim, MZA Ab Kadir, X Liu, N Azis, NMH Norsahperi, ... Engineering Research Express 8 (4), 045325 , 2026 2026
Effect of dibenzyl disulphide on partial discharge characteristics in mineral oil–impregnated cellulose pressboard AM Selva, N Azis, MZA Ab Kadir, J Jasni, H Zainuddin, MFM Yousof Electric Power Systems Research 251, 112212 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Output Capacitance Extraction of p -GaN HEMTs under Multi Pulse Switching across Variable Frequencies and Drain-Bias Stress X Liu, J Chen, S Wang, S Wu, Z Jiang, MAM Radzi, N Azis, S Shafie, ... IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , 2026 2026
Design of Rapid-Response Fail-Safe Protection Circuit for 200 V p-Gan HEMTs in LLC Half-Bridge Converters X Liu, S Shafie, MAM Radzi, N Azis, AHA Karim, N Norddin 2025 IEEE International Circuit and System Symposium (ICSyS), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Harmonic distortion analysis in power system due to geomagnetically induced currents ZM Khurshid, MZA Ab Kadir, NF Ab Aziz, ZA Rhazali, N Azis Electric Power Systems Research 247, 111831 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Power Efficiency and Output Capacitance in Standalone PV MPPT Buck Converters Using 200 V p -GaN HEMTs X Liu, S Shafie, MAM Radzi, N Azis, AHA Karim, N Norddin, I Lawal Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 20 (6), 3875-3887 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
An adaptive sliding mode controller with free-will arbitrary time convergence for three-phase rectifiers in autonomous agricultural vehicles OT Mahmood, WZ Wan Hasan, N Azis, NMH Norsahperi, HR Ramli, ... PLoS One 20 (8), e0330424 , 2025 2025
Advanced Transformer Insulating Fluids: Morphological and Dielectric Performance of Hybrid Hematite-Zinc Oxide Nanofluids D Zamri, NHN Ali, NSM Mustakim, NK Mohd, N Azis, MH Mamat 2025 IEEE 5th International Conference in Power Engineering Applications … , 2025 2025
Acoustic Partial Discharge Localization in Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Based on the Savitzky-Golay and Moving Average Denoising Methods. ND Ahmad, N Azis, J Jasni, KA Md Rezali, MA Talib, NH Nik Ali, ... Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology 33 , 2025 2025
On the Effect of Rolling Sphere Penetration and Rod Spacing Configurations in Optimizing Lightning Protection for Solar Farms MSM Nasir, MZA Ab Kadir, MAM Radzi, N Azis, M Osman, NAFM Nasir 2025 13th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning (APL), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Broken rotor bar detection of three phase induction motor using frequency response analysis. R Khan, MF Mohd Yousof, RA Rahman, N Azis, S Al-Ameri, A Ali International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708) 15 (2) , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Investigation of Partial Discharge Characteristics in Mineral Oil Induced by Dibenzyl Disulfide. AM Selva, N Azis, MU Tariq, MZA Ab Kadir, J Jasni, H Zainuddin Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology 33 (2) , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Improved electrogeometric model for shielding failure evaluation of double-circuit UHVAC transmission lines based on leader propagation simulations Z Ma, J Jasni, MZA Ab Kadir, N Azis, Y Ma Electric Power Systems Research 239, 111240 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
SPICE Simulation Assisted Thermal Management for Surface-Mount GaN HEMTs: Experimental Validation and Performance Insights X Liu, S Shafie, MAM Radzi, N Azis, N Norddin, AHA Karim, I Lawal 2025 IEEE Power Electronics Society International Decentralized Energy … , 2025 2025
Enhanced Incremental Conductance MPPT with Adjustable Reference Current and Scheduled-Gain Using a Power Zoning Strategy for Flyback-Based Photovoltaic Inverter Systems MF Yaakub, MAM Radzi, FHM Noh, M Azri, S Shafie, N Azis, AAN Zaidan Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 13 (9), 261-273 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Automated positioning dual-axis solar tracking system with precision elevation and azimuth angle control MHM Sidek, N Azis, WZW Hasan, MZA Ab Kadir, S Shafie, MAM Radzi Energy 124, 160-170 , 2017 2017 Citations: 207
Evolution of transformer health index in the form of mathematical equation A Azmi, J Jasni, N Azis, MZAA Kadir Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 76, 687-700 , 2017 2017 Citations: 131
Lightning protection on photovoltaic systems: A review on current and recommended practices NI Ahmad, MZA Ab-Kadir, M Izadi, N Azis, MAM Radzi, NH Zaini, ... Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82, 1611-1619 , 2018 2018 Citations: 121
The effect of temperature on a mono-crystalline solar PV panel NH Zaini, MZ Ab Kadir, M Izadi, NI Ahmad, MAM Radzi, N Azis 2015 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), 249-253 , 2015 2015 Citations: 118
Suitability of palm based oil as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers N Azis, J Jasni, MZA Ab Kadir, MN Mohtar Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 9 (2), 662-669 , 2014 2014 Citations: 100
Effect of molecular structure on oxidative degradation of ester based transformer oil NA Raof, R Yunus, U Rashid, N Azis, Z Yaakub Tribology International 140, 105852 , 2019 2019 Citations: 83
Investigation of the dielectric and thermal properties of non-edible cottonseed oil by infusing h-BN nanoparticles RA Farade, NIBA Wahab, DEA Mansour, NB Azis, J Jasni, ... Ieee Access 8, 76204-76217 , 2020 2020 Citations: 75
Lightning surge analysis on a large scale grid-connected solar photovoltaic system NH Zaini, MZA Ab. Kadir, MA Mohd Radzi, M Izadi, N Azis, NI Ahmad, ... Energies 10 (12), 2149 , 2017 2017 Citations: 72
An enhanced adaptive perturb and observe technique for efficient maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions AN Mahmod Mohammad, MA Mohd Radzi, N Azis, S Shafie, ... Applied Sciences 10 (11), 3912 , 2020 2020 Citations: 67
Investigation of the effect of sonication time on dispersion stability, dielectric properties, and heat transfer of graphene based green nanofluids RA Farade, NIA Wahab, DEA Mansour, NB Azis, JB Jasni, V Veerasamy, ... IEEE Access 9, 50607-50623 , 2021 2021 Citations: 63
Development of graphene oxide-based nonedible cottonseed nanofluids for power transformers RA Farade, NI Abdul Wahab, DEA Mansour, NB Azis, J bt. Jasni, ... Materials 13 (11), 2569 , 2020 2020 Citations: 59
On the effect of lightning on a solar photovoltaic system NH Zaini, MZA Ab-Kadir, M Izadi, NI Ahmad, MAM Radzi, N Azis, ... 2016 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), 1-4 , 2016 2016 Citations: 55
Ageing assessment of transformer paper insulation through post mortem analysis N Azis, Q Liu, ZD Wang IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 21 (2), 845-853 , 2014 2014 Citations: 54
The effect of interfacial zone due to nanoparticle–surfactant interaction on dielectric properties of vegetable oil based nanofluids RA Farade, NIA Wahab, DEA Mansour, NB Azis, JB Jasni, V Veerasamy, ... IEEE Access 9, 107033-107045 , 2021 2021 Citations: 53
Investigation on the electrical properties of palm oil and coconut oil based TiO 2 nanofluids SFM Nor, N Azis, J Jasni, MZA Ab Kadir, R Yunus, Z Yaakub IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 24 (6), 3432-3442 , 2018 2018 Citations: 53
Estimation of transformers health index based on the markov chain MS Yahaya, N Azis, MZA Ab Kadir, J Jasni, MH Hairi, MA Talib Energies 10 (11), 1824 , 2017 2017 Citations: 53
New perturb and observe algorithm based on trapezoidal rule: Uniform and partial shading conditions NMM Altwallbah, MAM Radzi, N Azis, S Shafie, MAAM Zainuri Energy Conversion and Management 264, 115738 , 2022 2022 Citations: 47
Nanoparticles application in high voltage insulation systems EJ Kadim, ZA Noorden, Z Adzis, N Azis IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 28 (4), 1380-1399 , 2021 2021 Citations: 47
Development of palm-based neopentyl glycol diester as dielectric fluid and its thermal aging performance NA Raof, U Rashid, R Yunus, N Azis, Z Yaakub IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 23 (4), 2051-2058 , 2016 2016 Citations: 47
Unmanned aerial vehicle quadcopter: A review OID Bashi, WZ Hasan, N Azis, S Shafie, H Wagatsuma Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14 (12), 5663-5675 , 2017 2017 Citations: 44