Optimizing Agricultural Disease Detection with Hybrid Weighted Particle Swarm Optimization-based Faster Mask RCNN for Secure Cloud Analysis and Steady Productivity Muneeshwari Paramasivam, Bharathiraja Nagu, Sellakumar Subramanian, Chandramouli Seetharaman, Rupesh Gupta, Anurag Sinha, Ayodele Lasisi, Quadri Noorulhasan Naveed, Ayushman Srivastava International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 2026 Agriculture is vital to India’s economy, employing a large portion of the population, yet it faces significant challenges, such as crop diseases that cause substantial financial losses. Advanced technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, offer effective solutions to these challenges. This study proposes a Hybrid Weighted Particle Swarm Optimization–based Faster Mask RCNN (HWPSO-FMRCNN) framework to improve the accuracy and efficiency of plant disease detection while enabling secure cloud-based analysis. Existing methods often suffer from limitations in accuracy, computational efficiency, and data security, which can hinder timely and effective plant disease management in agricultural practices. The proposed approach combines the optimization capability of weighted PSO with the feature extraction and segmentation strengths of FMRCNN for enhanced disease classification. The hybrid deep learning model analyses real-time plant images captured by IoT-enabled image acquisition devices. Cloud infrastructure provides secure storage and large-scale analysis, ensuring scalability and accessibility for farmers. By refining FMRCNN hyperparameters through HWPSO, the model achieves superior detection performance. Experimental results show that HWPSO-FMRCNN outperforms existing approaches, achieving accuracy of 98.3%, precision of 96.4%, recall of 99.9%, and F1-score of 99.1%, improving over the best baseline by 3–4% across metrics. The proposed framework demonstrates robustness, scalability, and efficiency, offering a practical tool for farmers to enhance crop management, reduce yield losses, and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
An efficient hybrid scheduling and virtual machine framework for load balancing in cloud computing architectures J. Ramaprabha, P. Mahalakshmi, S. Murugesan, Bharathiraja Nagu, Sowjanya Ramisetty, Rupesh Gupta, M. Kathiravan Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2026 The proposed work makes several key contributions. First, a hybrid task scheduling strategy is developed using an Artificial Neural Network combined with a Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Tasks are prioritized based on multiple criteria, after which an optimal virtual machine (VM) is allocated. Second, the VM topology is restructured into a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) configuration to simplify and enhance load balancing. Finally, load balancing is achieved through VM migration guided by the Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA). The approach aims to reduce VM overload without increasing queuing or processing time. Performance is evaluated using the CloudSim simulator, considering metrics such as latency, execution time, migration time, number of migrated VMs, load level, and communication overhead. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements across these parameters. The proposed framework, referred to as HTS-P2P (Hybrid Task Scheduling with Peer-to-Peer virtual machine interaction), integrates intelligent scheduling, decentralized load sharing, and optimized virtual machine migration to improve cloud resource utilization.
Advanced predictive analytics for bio-waste management using YOLOv8-SPP to enhance waste prediction and sustainability in smart cities Selvalakshmi Balasubramanium, Bharathiraja Nagu, Shonak Bansal, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Kholoud Saad Al-mugren Scientific Reports, 2025 The large volumes of bio-waste pose significant health and sanitation hazards. Effective bio-waste management involves value addition and conversion processes to enable the utilization of municipal biological waste as low-carbon energy sources. This research suggests a new predictive analytics model using the YOLOv8-SPP algorithm for improved waste management. With precise structuring and data processing, YOLOv8-SPP enhances waste identification and segmentation of various wastes with the vision of facilitating proper anticipation of future trends in waste production. The enhanced framework is remarkably 92% accurate in predicting waste production compared to the 78% accuracy achieved with other data types. The deployment also had the effect of the recycling rate growing by 20% and reducing waste treatment expenses by 15%. The findings justify the success of executing state-of-the-art analytics to optimize waste management processes in intelligent cities.
Development of Hybrid Explainable Artificial Intelligence With Swin Vision Transformer Intrusion Detection for Securing VANETs From Attacks Bharathiraja N, M. S. Minu, Richa Vijay, M. Rajalakshmi, Pellakuri Vidyullatha, K. Balamurugan Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 2025 Vehicular Ad‐hoc Networks (VANETs) are a cornerstone of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enabling efficient vehicle‐to‐vehicle and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communication. However, their open and dynamic nature makes them highly susceptible to security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and the injection of false data by malicious nodes. Existing security mechanisms often fall short in addressing these challenges due to the real‐time and mobile characteristics of VANETs. This paper proposes a Hybrid Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) framework integrated with a Swin Vision Transformer for robust intrusion detection in VANET environments. The proposed model leverages the Swin Transformer's hierarchical feature extraction capabilities and the interpretability of XAI to accurately classify network nodes based on behavioral and transmission characteristics. Key features such as packet transmission duration, communication regularity, and node status are analyzed to detect anomalies and differentiate between benign and malicious nodes. The inclusion of explainability allows for transparent decision‐making, facilitating trust and understanding in critical automotive applications. Simulation results validate the model's effectiveness in detecting a wide range of attack vectors while maintaining high accuracy and low false‐positive rates. This study contributes to the development of adaptive, intelligent, and trustworthy security solutions for next‐generation vehicular networks operating in complex urban traffic scenarios.
Human-machine interaction in mechanical systems through sensor enabled wearable augmented reality interfaces K. Balamurugan, G. Sudhakar, Kavin Francis Xavier, N. Bharathiraja, Gaganpreet Kaur Measurement Sensors, 2025 The research improves mechanical systems by using wearable sensor-based Augmented Reality (AR) interfaces for better Human-Machine Interaction (HCI). Industrial AR systems currently face problems created by their static programming methods along with delayed responsiveness and restricted sensor collectability and insufficient wireless throughput that results in system inefficiency and elevated stress on users. A new wearable AR system using gloves with haptic feedback and flex sensors with Inertial Measurement Units provides precise gesture-control while displaying real-time contextual information. The dynamic gesture recognition system uses Random Forest as its lightweight machine learning model to achieve 93.4% accuracy in mapping gestures to command sequences which represents a 14.6% enhancement above conventional static models. The system leverages Edge Computing for low-latency processing (average latency < 47 ms) and cloud-based analytics for predictive maintenance insights. The proposed setup demonstrated an enhanced industrial performance in a simulated environment through error reduction by 22.3% along with a 31.1% increase in task speed and a 27.8% improvement in situational awareness recorded through NASA-TLX cognitive load evaluations. Findings prove that the system fills fundamental weaknesses with current AR-assisted industrial HCI systems by providing automatic adaptation features along with improved safety measures and precise operational capability.
Advancing transport safety with faster pre-convoluted neural networks and lightweight multi-scale fusion for driver distraction detection M. Joel John, K. Dinakaran, N. Bharathiraja International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 2025 Automated vehicle technology aims to improve driving safety by removing human errors but driver distraction remains an issue, spurring interest in driver-assistance systems that recognise and support safe driver activities. Complex model topologies enable convolutional neural networks (CNN) to acquire more data characteristics but reduce generalisation and risk overfitting; despite regularisation methods, improving generalisation performance in robust CNN training remains a concern. For classifying and detecting driver distraction, an architecture based on Faster Pre-convoluted neural networks (FPCNN) is suggested in this research. An efficient P-FRNN with excellent accuracy is built, and a novel lightweight multi-scale fusion (LMF) architecture is presented to create intensive convolutional networks for multi-scale image increased generalisation performance. To improve the generalization effectiveness of deep learning models for driver distraction created using raw data from various activity monitors and the proposed design proved accurate to 97.8% and resulted in reduced computational complexity and shorter training times.
ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF 3D PRINTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ONYX AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH MATERIAL HARDNESS Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 2024
Deep Learning-Driven Sentiment Analysis in Textual Data M. Kathiravan, S. Saravanan, M Jagadeesh, I. Lakshmi, V Sathya Durga, N. Bharathiraja Proceedings International Conference on Computing Power and Communication Technologies Ic2pct 2024, 2024
Efficient Intensity Bedded Sonata Wiles System using IoT M. Kathiravan, S. Manohar, R. Jayanthi, R. Dheepthi, R. Vishnu Sekhar, N. Bharathiraja Proceedings 7th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication Iccmc 2023, 2023
Cyber Security Tool for Combat Remote Work Vulnerability Menaka S, Navaneethakrishna K, Blesswin Geo Sam J A, Hariharasuthan V K, Murugesan S, Bharathiraja N 2023 5th International Conference on Electrical Computer and Communication Technologies Icecct 2023, 2023
SECURE INTEGRATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK WITTH CLOUD USING CODED PROBABLE BLUEFISH CRYPTOSYSTEM Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 2022
Diabetes prediction using sensors by analysing skin temperature Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2020
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
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Self‐Evolving Energy Harvesting Framework for IoT Sensor Nodes Using Bio‐Inspired Scheduling Algorithms S Kasiviswanathan, S S, B N, R Vijay International Journal of Communication Systems 39 (7), e70469 , 2026 2026
Optimizing Agricultural Disease Detection with Hybrid Weighted Particle Swarm Optimization-based Faster Mask RCNN for Secure Cloud Analysis and Steady Productivity M Paramasivam, B Nagu, S Subramanian, C Seetharaman, R Gupta, ... International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems , 2026 2026
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Prediction of banana leaf disease by intelligent algorithm through digital image using neural network technique B Nagu, G Kaur, M Shanmugavelu, V MRM Multimedia Tools and Applications 84 (28), 34249-34265 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Advanced predictive analytics for bio-waste management using YOLOv8-SPP to enhance waste prediction and sustainability in smart cities S Balasubramanium, B Nagu, S Bansal, MRI Faruque, KS Al-Mugren Scientific Reports 15 (1), 23583 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Human-machine interaction in mechanical systems through sensor enabled wearable augmented reality interfaces K Balamurugan, G Sudhakar, KF Xavier, N Bharathiraja, G Kaur Measurement: Sensors 39, 101880 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
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