CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells and their role in immunity Margarida Kirkby, Marc Veldhoen Immunology and Cell Biology, 2025 CD4+ tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells are essential for immune protection in the lungs, providing rapid responses against respiratory pathogens. Unlike circulating memory T cells, CD4+ TRM cells persist in the tissue parenchyma and possibly inducible lymphoid tissues, where they facilitate pathogen clearance through cytokine production and interactions with local immune cells. While CD8+ TRM cells are well studied, the role of CD4+ TRM cells in immunity remains less defined and is the focus of this review. Distinct subsets, based on the effector TH1, TH2, TH17 and T follicular helper (TFH)‐like tissue‐resident helper (TRH) cells, contribute to antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and vaccine‐induced immunity. CD4+ TRM cells play a key role in infections, enhancing immune responses and supporting antibody production. However, they are also implicated in chronic inflammation, allergies and fibrosis. Given their importance, vaccines aiming to elicit lung‐resident CD4+ TRM cells, particularly via mucosal delivery, have shown promise in inducing long‐term protective immunity. Intranasal vaccination strategies, such as live‐attenuated influenza virus and tuberculosis vaccines, have successfully generated CD4+ TRM cells, highlighting their potential for respiratory pathogen control. In this review, we focus on CD4+ TRM cells, their differentiation, maintenance and role, especially in the lungs.
Metabolic Stress Expands Polyfunctional, Proinflammatory Th17 Cells in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis for Whom There is Interleukin-23–Independent Interleukin-17 Production Carmel B. Stober, Louise Ellis, Jane C. Goodall, Marc Veldhoen, J. S. Hill Gaston Arthritis and Rheumatology, 2025 ObjectiveGenetic associations and blockade of the interleukin (IL)‐23/IL‐17 axis with monoclonal antibodies support a role for this pathway in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This study examines the requirement of IL‐23 for IL‐17 production and the role of the metabolic microenvironment in the expansion of Th17‐derived cells in patients with PsA.MethodsTh17 cell frequencies in synovial fluid or peripheral blood from patients with PsA were evaluated by flow cytometry using chemokine receptor 6, CD161, and T‐bet as phenotypic markers, and the cytokines interferon γ, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and IL‐17 were assessed by flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The impact of IL‐23 and metabolic stress on T cell differentiation was investigated.ResultsPolyfunctional positive IL‐17 (IL‐17pos) CD4 (P < 0.0001) and CD8 (P < 0.0001), and GM‐CSFpos Th17‐derived cells (P < 0.0001) were increased in the inflamed joints of patients with PsA, with a proportional decrease in the peripheral blood of patients. We demonstrate IL‐23–independent IL‐17 release by CD4 T cells in patients with PsA, in which the absence of IL‐23 during Th17 differentiation reduced IL‐17 by mean ± SEM 31% ± 5.8%. Exogenous IL‐23 increased IL‐17, negatively regulated GM‐CSF, and cooperated with transforming growth factor β to augment IL‐17. Polyfunctional Th17 and Th17‐derived cells, but not Th1 cells, were expanded by metabolic stress in patients with PsA.ConclusionWe confirmed the abundance of polyfunctional type 17 CD4 and CD8 cells in the inflamed joints of patients with PsA. We demonstrate IL‐23–independent expansion of Th17 cells, for which IL‐23 negatively regulates GM‐CSF. This may account for therapeutic differences in IL‐17 and IL‐23 inhibition in patients with PsA or other spondyloarthritides. Polyfunctional IL‐17pos Th17 and Th17‐derived but not Th1 cells were expanded by metabolic stress, and metabolic stress may itself represent a unique therapeutic target.
Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination Zahra Hasan, Kiran Iqbal Masood, Marc Veldhoen, Shama Qaiser, Marta Alenquer, Mishgan Akhtar, Sadaf Balouch, Junaid Iqbal, Yaqub Wassan, Shahneel Hussain, Khalid Feroz, Sajid Muhammad, Atif Habib, Akbar Kanji, Erum Khan, Afsar Ali Mian, Rabia Hussain, Maria Joao Amorim, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Heliyon, 2025 Preexisting immunity may be associated with increased protection against non-related pathogens such as, SARS-CoV-2. There is little information regarding endemic human coronaviruses (HCOVs) from Pakistan, which experienced a relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs NL63 and OC43, comparing sera from prepandemic controls (PPC) period with responses in healthy controls from the pandemic (HC 2021). Further, we investigated the effect of inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations on antibody responses to the pandemic and endemic coronaviruses. We measured IgG antibodies to Spike of SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 by ELISA. Serum neutralizing capacity was determined using a SARS-CoV-2 psuedotyped virus assay. Vaccinees were sampled prior to vaccination as well after 6, 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 inactivated (Sinovac), or mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine administration. PPC sera showed seropositivity of 15 % to SARS-CoV-2, whilst it was 45 % in the HC 2021 group. Five percent of sera showed virus neutralizing activity in PPC whilst it was 50 % in HC 2021. IgG antibodies to Spike of NL63 and OC43 were also present in PPC; anti-NL63 was 2.9-fold, and anti-OC43 was 10.1-fold higher than to anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels. IgG antibodies to Spike SARS-CoV-2 were positively correlated with HCoV-NL63 in HC 2021, indicating recognition of shared conserved epitopes. IgG antibody levels increased during the pandemic; 2.7-fold to HCoV-NL63 and 1.9-fold to HCoV-OC43. SinoVac and BNT162b2 vaccine induced an increase in IgG antibodies to Spike SARS-CoV-2 as well as HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43. Our data show that antibodies to spike protein of endemic coronaviruses were present in the prepandemic population. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, NL63 and OC43 were all raised during the pandemic and further enhanced after COVID-19 vaccinations. The increase in antibodies to spike of coronaviruses would contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Systems biology to unravel Western diet-associated triggers in inflammatory bowel disease Špela Konjar, Evgen Benedik, Marko Šestan, Marc Veldhoen, Anže Županič Frontiers in Immunology, 2025 The global rise in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the past five decades has coincided with the widespread adoption of a Western diet and lifestyle. These conditions, characterised by chronic inflammation, are shaped by complex interactions between genetic, environmental, immunological, and microbial factors. The Western diet rich in, refined sugars, unhealthy fats, ultra-processed foods and excess salt, is increasingly recognised as a major contributor to immune dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity, all hallmarks of IBD. Systems biology offers a powerful framework for untangling the complexity of IBD by integrating large-scale biological data from various sources, leveraging computational modelling, high-throughput analyses, and network-based approaches to identify key regulatory pathways and molecular interactions driving disease progression. Complementary to this, nutritional epidemiology provides critical insights into the role of diet in IBD pathogenesis. By combining systems biology with nutritional epidemiology, researchers can move toward personalised dietary interventions and new therapeutic strategies, offering new opportunities for prevention and addressing the growing burden of IBD in societies adopting Western lifestyles. This review synthesise current findings and proposes integrated approaches for future precision prevention and treatment of IBD.
Tissue-resident memory T cells: Harnessing their properties against infection for cancer treatment João Fernandes, Marc Veldhoen, Cristina Ferreira Bioessays, 2024 We have rapidly gained insights into the presence and function of T lymphocytes in non‐lymphoid tissues, the tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells. The central pillar of adaptive immunity has been expanded from classic central memory T cells giving rise to progeny upon reinfection and effector memory cells circulating through the blood and patrolling the tissues to include TRM cells that reside and migrate inside solid organs and tissues. Their development and maintenance have been studied in detail, providing exciting clues on how their unique properties used to fight infections may benefit therapies against solid tumors. We provide an overview of CD8 TRM cells and the properties that make them of interest for vaccination and cancer therapies.
CD8+ tissue-resident memory T-cell development depends on infection-matching regulatory T-cell types Leandro Barros, Daryna Piontkivska, Patrícia Figueiredo-Campos, Júlia Fanczal, Sofia Pereira Ribeiro, Marta Baptista, Silvia Ariotti, Nuno Santos, Maria João Amorim, Cristina Silva Pereira, Marc Veldhoen, Cristina Ferreira Nature Communications, 2023 Immunological memory is critical for immune protection, particularly at epithelial sites, which are under constant risk of pathogen invasions. To counter invading pathogens, CD8+ memory T cells develop at the location of infection: tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with type-1 infections and type-1 regulatory T cells (TREG) are important for CD8+ T-cell development, however, if CD8+ TRM cells develop under other infection types and require immune type-specific TREG cells is unknown. We used three distinct lung infection models, to show that type-2 helminth infection does not establish CD8+ TRM cells. Intracellular (type-1) and extracellular (type-3) infections do and rely on the recruitment of response type-matching TREG population contributing transforming growth factor-β. Nevertheless, type-1 TREG cells remain the most important population for TRM cell development. Once established, TRM cells maintain their immune type profile. These results may have implications in the development of vaccines inducing CD8+ TRM cells.
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan Kiran Iqbal Masood, Shama Qaiser, Syed Hani Abidi, Erum Khan, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Areeba Hussain, Zara Ghous, Khekahsan Imtiaz, Natasha Ali, Muhammad Hasan, Haris Ali Memon, Maliha Yameen, Shiza Ali, Sadaf Baloch, Gulzar Lakhani, Paula M. Alves, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Kumail Ahmed, Junaid Iqbal, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Rabia Hussain, Martin Rottenberg, J. Pedro Simas, Marc Veldhoen, Kulsoom Ghias, Zahra Hasan BMC Infectious Diseases, 2023 Background Protection against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by humoral and T cell responses. Pakistan faced relatively low morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 through the pandemic. To examine the role of prior immunity in the population, we studied IgG antibody response levels, virus neutralizing activity and T cell reactivity to Spike protein in a healthy control group (HG) as compared with COVID-19 cases and individuals from the pre-pandemic period (PP). Methods HG and COVID-19 participants were recruited between October 2020 and May 2021. Pre-pandemic sera was collected before 2018. IgG antibodies against Spike and its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization activity was determined using a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay. T cell – IFN-γ activation was assessed by ELISpot. Results Overall, the magnitude of anti-Spike IgG antibody levels as well as seropositivity was greatest in COVID-19 cases (90%) as compared with HG (39.8%) and PP (12.2%). During the study period, Pakistan experienced three COVID-19 waves. We observed that IgG seropositivity to Spike in HG increased from 10.3 to 83.5% during the study, whilst seropositivity to RBD increased from 7.5 to 33.3%. IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD were correlated positively in all three study groups. Virus neutralizing activity was identified in sera of COVID-19, HG and PP. Spike reactive T cells were present in COVID-19, HG and PP groups. Individuals with reactive T cells included those with and without IgG antibodies to Spike. Conclusions Antibody and T cell responses to Spike protein in individuals from the pre-pandemic period suggest prior immunity against SARS-CoV-2, most likely from cross-reactive responses. The rising seroprevalence observed in healthy individuals through the pandemic without known COVID-19 may be due to the activation of adaptive immunity from cross-reactive memory B and T cells. This may explain the more favourable COVID-19 outcomes observed in this population.
Intestinal tissue-resident T cell activation depends on metabolite availability Špela Konjar, Cristina Ferreira, Filipa Sofia Carvalho, Patrícia Figueiredo-Campos, Júlia Fanczal, Sofia Ribeiro, Vanessa Alexandra Morais, Marc Veldhoen Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022
Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Portugal and antibody maintenance 12 months after infection Luísa Canto e Castro, Andreia Gomes, Marta Serrano, Ana Helena Guia Pereira, Rita Ribeiro, Patrícia Napoleão, Inês Domingues, Cláudia Silva, Júlia Fanczal, Ângela Afonso, Andreia Lopes, Ionela Toader, Maria José Rego Sousa, José Germano Rego Sousa, Germano Sousa, Maria M. Mota, Bruno Silva‐Santos, Marc Veldhoen, Ruy M. Ribeiro European Journal of Immunology, 2022
3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine is an immunomodulatory biogenic amine Cristina C. Clement, Angelo D’Alessandro, Sangeetha Thangaswamy, Samantha Chalmers, Raquel Furtado, Sheila Spada, Giada Mondanelli, Federica Ianni, Sarah Gehrke, Marco Gargaro, Giorgia Manni, Luisa Carlota Lopez Cara, Peter Runge, Wanxia Li Tsai, Sinem Karaman, Jorge Arasa, Ruben Fernandez-Rodriguez, Amanda Beck, Antonio Macchiarulo, Massimo Gadina, Cornelia Halin, Francesca Fallarino, Mihaela Skobe, Marc Veldhoen, Simone Moretti, Silvia Formenti, Sandra Demaria, Rajesh K. Soni, Roberta Galarini, Roccaldo Sardella, Gregoire Lauvau, Chaim Putterman, Kari Alitalo, Ursula Grohmann, Laura Santambrogio Nature Communications, 2021
Prevalence of sars-cov-2 antibodies after first 6 months of covid-19 pandemic, portugal Luísa Canto e Castro, Ana Helena Guia Pereira, Rita Ribeiro, Catarina Alves, Luís Veloso, Vera Vicente, Dalila Alves, Inês Domingues, Cláudia Silva, Andreia Gomes, Marta Serrano, Ângela Afonso, Marc Veldhoen, Maria José Rego de Sousa, José Germano Rego de Sousa, Germano de Sousa, Maria M. Mota, Bruno Silva-Santos, Ruy M. Ribeiro Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2021
Humoral Immune Response of SARS-CoV-2–Infected Patients with Cancer: Influencing Factors and Mechanisms Miguel Esperança-Martins, Lisa Gonçalves, Inês Soares-Pinho, Andreia Gomes, Marta Serrano, Birte Blankenhaus, Patrícia Figueiredo-Campos, Ana Catarina-Marques, Ana Castro-Barbosa, Ana Cardoso, Pedro Antunes-Meireles, Henrique Atalaia-Barbacena, Pedro Gaspar, Patrícia Howell-Monteiro, António Pais-de-Lacerda, Catarina Mota, Marc Veldhoen Oncologist, 2021
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers up to 6 months post disease onset Patrícia Figueiredo‐Campos, Birte Blankenhaus, Catarina Mota, Andreia Gomes, Marta Serrano, Silvia Ariotti, Catarina Costa, Helena Nunes‐Cabaço, António M. Mendes, Pedro Gaspar, M. Conceição Pereira‐Santos, Fabiana Rodrigues, Jorge Condeço, M. Antonia Escoval, Matilde Santos, Mario Ramirez, José Melo‐Cristino, J. Pedro Simas, Eugenia Vasconcelos, Ângela Afonso, Marc Veldhoen European Journal of Immunology, 2020
Type 1 Treg cells promote the generation of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells Cristina Ferreira, Leandro Barros, Marta Baptista, Birte Blankenhaus, André Barros, Patrícia Figueiredo-Campos, Špela Konjar, Alexandra Lainé, Nadine Kamenjarin, Ana Stojanovic, Adelheid Cerwenka, Hans C. Probst, Julien C. Marie, Marc Veldhoen Nature Immunology, 2020
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition) Andrea Cossarizza, Hyun‐Dong Chang, Andreas Radbruch, Andreas Acs, Dieter Adam, Sabine Adam‐Klages, William W. Agace, Nima Aghaeepour, Mübeccel Akdis, Matthieu Allez, Larissa Nogueira Almeida, Giorgia Alvisi, Graham Anderson, Immanuel Andrä, Francesco Annunziato, Achille Anselmo, Petra Bacher, Cosima T. Baldari, Sudipto Bari, Vincenzo Barnaba, Joana Barros‐Martins, Luca Battistini, Wolfgang Bauer, Sabine Baumgart, Nicole Baumgarth, Dirk Baumjohann, Bianka Baying, Mary Bebawy, Burkhard Becher, Wolfgang Beisker, Vladimir Benes, Rudi Beyaert, Alfonso Blanco, Dominic A. Boardman, Christian Bogdan, Jessica G. Borger, Giovanna Borsellino, Philip E. Boulais, Jolene A. Bradford, Dirk Brenner, Ryan R. Brinkman, Anna E. S. Brooks, Dirk H. Busch, Martin Büscher, Timothy P. Bushnell, Federica Calzetti, Garth Cameron, Ilenia Cammarata, Xuetao Cao, Susanna L. Cardell, Stefano Casola, Marco A. Cassatella, Andrea Cavani, Antonio Celada, Lucienne Chatenoud, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Sue Chow, Eleni Christakou, Luka Čičin‐Šain, Mario Clerici, Federico S. Colombo, Laura Cook, Anne Cooke, Andrea M. Cooper, Alexandra J. Corbett, Antonio Cosma, Lorenzo Cosmi, Pierre G. Coulie, Ana Cumano, Ljiljana Cvetkovic, Van Duc Dang, Chantip Dang‐Heine, Martin S. Davey, Derek Davies, Sara De Biasi, Genny Del Zotto, Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz, Michael Delacher, Silvia Della Bella, Paolo Dellabona, Günnur Deniz, Mark Dessing, James P. Di Santo, Andreas Diefenbach, Francesco Dieli, Andreas Dolf, Thomas Dörner, Regine J. Dress, Diana Dudziak, Michael Dustin, Charles‐Antoine Dutertre, Friederike Ebner, Sidonia B. G. Eckle, Matthias Edinger, Pascale Eede, Götz R.A. Ehrhardt, Marcus Eich, Pablo Engel, Britta Engelhardt, Anna Erdei, Charlotte Esser, Bart Everts, Maximilien Evrard, Christine S. Falk, Todd A. Fehniger, Mar Felipo‐Benavent, Helen Ferry, Markus Feuerer, Andrew Filby, Kata Filkor, Simon Fillatreau, Marie Follo, Irmgard Förster, John Foster, Gemma A. Foulds, Britta Frehse, Paul S. Frenette, Stefan Frischbutter, Wolfgang Fritzsche, David W. Galbraith, Anastasia Gangaev, Natalio Garbi, Brice Gaudilliere, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Jens Geginat, Wilhelm Gerner, Nicholas A. Gherardin, Kamran Ghoreschi, Lara Gibellini, Florent Ginhoux, Keisuke Goda, Dale I. Godfrey, Christoph Goettlinger, Jose M. González‐Navajas, Carl S. Goodyear, Andrea Gori, Jane L. Grogan, Daryl Grummitt, Andreas Grützkau, Claudia Haftmann, Jonas Hahn, Hamida Hammad, Günter Hämmerling, Leo Hansmann, Goran Hansson, Christopher M. Harpur, Susanne Hartmann, Andrea Hauser, Anja E. Hauser, David L. Haviland, David Hedley, Daniela C. Hernández, Guadalupe Herrera, Martin Herrmann, Christoph Hess, Thomas Höfer, Petra Hoffmann, Kristin Hogquist, Tristan Holland, Thomas Höllt, Rikard Holmdahl, Pleun Hombrink, Jessica P. Houston, Bimba F. Hoyer, Bo Huang, Fang‐Ping Huang, Johanna E. Huber, Jochen Huehn, Michael Hundemer, Christopher A. Hunter, William Y. K. Hwang, Anna Iannone, Florian Ingelfinger, Sabine M Ivison, Hans‐Martin Jäck, Peter K. Jani, Beatriz Jávega, Stipan Jonjic, Toralf Kaiser, Tomas Kalina, Thomas Kamradt, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Baerbel Keller, Steven L. C. Ketelaars, Ahad Khalilnezhad, Srijit Khan, Jan Kisielow, Paul Klenerman, Jasmin Knopf, Hui‐Fern Koay, Katja Kobow, Jay K. Kolls, Wan Ting Kong, Manfred Kopf, Thomas Korn, Katharina Kriegsmann, Hendy Kristyanto, Thomas Kroneis, Andreas Krueger, Jenny Kühne, Christian Kukat, Désirée Kunkel, Heike Kunze‐Schumacher, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Christian Kurts, Pia Kvistborg, Immanuel Kwok, Jonathan Landry, Olivier Lantz, Paola Lanuti, Francesca LaRosa, Agnès Lehuen, Salomé LeibundGut‐Landmann, Michael D. Leipold, Leslie Y.T. Leung, Megan K. Levings, Andreia C. Lino, Francesco Liotta, Virginia Litwin, Yanling Liu, Hans‐Gustaf Ljunggren, Michael Lohoff, Giovanna Lombardi, Lilly Lopez, Miguel López‐Botet, Amy E. Lovett‐Racke, Erik Lubberts, Herve Luche, Burkhard Ludewig, Enrico Lugli, Sebastian Lunemann, Holden T. Maecker, Laura Maggi, Orla Maguire, Florian Mair, Kerstin H. Mair, Alberto Mantovani, Rudolf A. Manz, Aaron J. Marshall, Alicia Martínez‐Romero, Glòria Martrus, Ivana Marventano, Wlodzimierz Maslinski, Giuseppe Matarese, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Christian Maueröder, Alessio Mazzoni, James McCluskey, Mairi McGrath, Helen M. McGuire, Iain B. McInnes, Henrik E. Mei, Fritz Melchers, Susanne Melzer, Dirk Mielenz, Stephen D. Miller, Kingston H.G. Mills, Hans Minderman, Jenny Mjösberg, Jonni Moore, Barry Moran, Lorenzo Moretta, Tim R. Mosmann, Susann Müller, Gabriele Multhoff, Luis Enrique Muñoz, Christian Münz, Toshinori Nakayama, Milena Nasi, Katrin Neumann, Lai Guan Ng, Antonia Niedobitek, Sussan Nourshargh, Gabriel Núñez, José‐Enrique O'Connor, Aaron Ochel, Anna Oja, Diana Ordonez, Alberto Orfao, Eva Orlowski‐Oliver, Wenjun Ouyang, Annette Oxenius, Raghavendra Palankar, Isabel Panse, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Malte Paulsen, Dinko Pavlinic, Livius Penter, Pärt Peterson, Christian Peth, Jordi Petriz, Federica Piancone, Winfried F. Pickl, Silvia Piconese, Marcello Pinti, A. Graham Pockley, Malgorzata Justyna Podolska, Zhiyong Poon, Katharina Pracht, Immo Prinz, Carlo E. M. Pucillo, Sally A. Quataert, Linda Quatrini, Kylie M. Quinn, Helena Radbruch, Tim R. D. J. Radstake, Susann Rahmig, Hans‐Peter Rahn, Bartek Rajwa, Gevitha Ravichandran, Yotam Raz, Jonathan A. Rebhahn, Diether Recktenwald, Dorothea Reimer, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Ester B.M. Remmerswaal, Lisa Richter, Laura G. Rico, Andy Riddell, Aja M. Rieger, J. Paul Robinson, Chiara Romagnani, Anna Rubartelli, Jürgen Ruland, Armin Saalmüller, Yvan Saeys, Takashi Saito, Shimon Sakaguchi, Francisco Sala‐de‐Oyanguren, Yvonne Samstag, Sharon Sanderson, Inga Sandrock, Angela Santoni, Ramon Bellmàs Sanz, Marina Saresella, Catherine Sautes‐Fridman, Birgit Sawitzki, Linda Schadt, Alexander Scheffold, Hans U. Scherer, Matthias Schiemann, Frank A. Schildberg, Esther Schimisky, Andreas Schlitzer, Josephine Schlosser, Stephan Schmid, Steffen Schmitt, Kilian Schober, Daniel Schraivogel, Wolfgang Schuh, Thomas Schüler, Reiner Schulte, Axel Ronald Schulz, Sebastian R. Schulz, Cristiano Scottá, Daniel Scott‐Algara, David P. Sester, T. Vincent Shankey, Bruno Silva‐Santos, Anna Katharina Simon, Katarzyna M. Sitnik, Silvano Sozzani, Daniel E. Speiser, Josef Spidlen, Anders Stahlberg, Alan M. Stall, Natalie Stanley, Regina Stark, Christina Stehle, Tobit Steinmetz, Hannes Stockinger, Yousuke Takahama, Kiyoshi Takeda, Leonard Tan, Attila Tárnok, Gisa Tiegs, Gergely Toldi, Julia Tornack, Elisabetta Traggiai, Mohamed Trebak, Timothy I.M. Tree, Joe Trotter, John Trowsdale, Maria Tsoumakidou, Henning Ulrich, Sophia Urbanczyk, Willem Veen, Maries Broek, Edwin Pol, Sofie Van Gassen, Gert Van Isterdael, René A.W. Lier, Marc Veldhoen, Salvador Vento‐Asturias, Paulo Vieira, David Voehringer, Hans‐Dieter Volk, Anouk Borstel, Konrad Volkmann, Ari Waisman, Rachael V. Walker, Paul K. Wallace, Sa A. Wang, Xin M. Wang, Michael D. Ward, Kirsten A Ward‐Hartstonge, Klaus Warnatz, Gary Warnes, Sarah Warth, Claudia Waskow, James V. Watson, Carsten Watzl, Leonie Wegener, Thomas Weisenburger, Annika Wiedemann, Jürgen Wienands, Anneke Wilharm, Robert John Wilkinson, Gerald Willimsky, James B. Wing, Rieke Winkelmann, Thomas H. Winkler, Oliver F. Wirz, Alicia Wong, Peter Wurst, Jennie H. M. Yang, Juhao Yang, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Liping Yu, Alice Yue, Hanlin Zhang, Yi Zhao, Susanne Maria Ziegler, Christina Zielinski, Jakob Zimmermann, Arturo Zychlinsky European Journal of Immunology, 2019
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies Andrea Cossarizza, Hyun‐Dong Chang, Andreas Radbruch, Mübeccel Akdis, Immanuel Andrä, Francesco Annunziato, Petra Bacher, Vincenzo Barnaba, Luca Battistini, Wolfgang M. Bauer, Sabine Baumgart, Burkhard Becher, Wolfgang Beisker, Claudia Berek, Alfonso Blanco, Giovanna Borsellino, Philip E. Boulais, Ryan R. Brinkman, Martin Büscher, Dirk H. Busch, Timothy P. Bushnell, Xuetao Cao, Andrea Cavani, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Qingyu Cheng, Sue Chow, Mario Clerici, Anne Cooke, Antonio Cosma, Lorenzo Cosmi, Ana Cumano, Van Duc Dang, Derek Davies, Sara De Biasi, Genny Del Zotto, Silvia Della Bella, Paolo Dellabona, Günnur Deniz, Mark Dessing, Andreas Diefenbach, James Di Santo, Francesco Dieli, Andreas Dolf, Vera S. Donnenberg, Thomas Dörner, Götz R. A. Ehrhardt, Elmar Endl, Pablo Engel, Britta Engelhardt, Charlotte Esser, Bart Everts, Anita Dreher, Christine S. Falk, Todd A. Fehniger, Andrew Filby, Simon Fillatreau, Marie Follo, Irmgard Förster, John Foster, Gemma A. Foulds, Paul S. Frenette, David Galbraith, Natalio Garbi, Maria Dolores García‐Godoy, Jens Geginat, Kamran Ghoreschi, Lara Gibellini, Christoph Goettlinger, Carl S. Goodyear, Andrea Gori, Jane Grogan, Mor Gross, Andreas Grützkau, Daryl Grummitt, Jonas Hahn, Quirin Hammer, Anja E. Hauser, David L. Haviland, David Hedley, Guadalupe Herrera, Martin Herrmann, Falk Hiepe, Tristan Holland, Pleun Hombrink, Jessica P. Houston, Bimba F. Hoyer, Bo Huang, Christopher A. Hunter, Anna Iannone, Hans‐Martin Jäck, Beatriz Jávega, Stipan Jonjic, Kerstin Juelke, Steffen Jung, Toralf Kaiser, Tomas Kalina, Baerbel Keller, Srijit Khan, Deborah Kienhöfer, Thomas Kroneis, Désirée Kunkel, Christian Kurts, Pia Kvistborg, Joanne Lannigan, Olivier Lantz, Anis Larbi, Salome LeibundGut‐Landmann, Michael D. Leipold, Megan K. Levings, Virginia Litwin, Yanling Liu, Michael Lohoff, Giovanna Lombardi, Lilly Lopez, Amy Lovett‐Racke, Erik Lubberts, Burkhard Ludewig, Enrico Lugli, Holden T. Maecker, Glòria Martrus, Giuseppe Matarese, Christian Maueröder, Mairi McGrath, Iain McInnes, Henrik E. Mei, Fritz Melchers, Susanne Melzer, Dirk Mielenz, Kingston Mills, David Mirrer, Jenny Mjösberg, Jonni Moore, Barry Moran, Alessandro Moretta, Lorenzo Moretta, Tim R. Mosmann, Susann Müller, Werner Müller, Christian Münz, Gabriele Multhoff, Luis Enrique Munoz, Kenneth M. Murphy, Toshinori Nakayama, Milena Nasi, Christine Neudörfl, John Nolan, Sussan Nourshargh, José‐Enrique O'Connor, Wenjun Ouyang, Annette Oxenius, Raghav Palankar, Isabel Panse, Pärt Peterson, Christian Peth, Jordi Petriz, Daisy Philips, Winfried Pickl, Silvia Piconese, Marcello Pinti, A. Graham Pockley, Malgorzata Justyna Podolska, Carlo Pucillo, Sally A. Quataert, Timothy R. D. J. Radstake, Bartek Rajwa, Jonathan A. Rebhahn, Diether Recktenwald, Ester B.M. Remmerswaal, Katy Rezvani, Laura G. Rico, J. Paul Robinson, Chiara Romagnani, Anna Rubartelli, Beate Ruckert, Jürgen Ruland, Shimon Sakaguchi, Francisco Sala‐de‐Oyanguren, Yvonne Samstag, Sharon Sanderson, Birgit Sawitzki, Alexander Scheffold, Matthias Schiemann, Frank Schildberg, Esther Schimisky, Stephan A Schmid, Steffen Schmitt, Kilian Schober, Thomas Schüler, Axel Ronald Schulz, Ton Schumacher, Cristiano Scotta, T. Vincent Shankey, Anat Shemer, Anna‐Katharina Simon, Josef Spidlen, Alan M. Stall, Regina Stark, Christina Stehle, Merle Stein, Tobit Steinmetz, Hannes Stockinger, Yousuke Takahama, Attila Tarnok, ZhiGang Tian, Gergely Toldi, Julia Tornack, Elisabetta Traggiai, Joe Trotter, Henning Ulrich, Marlous van der Braber, René A. W. van Lier, Marc Veldhoen, Salvador Vento‐Asturias, Paulo Vieira, David Voehringer, Hans‐Dieter Volk, Konrad von Volkmann, Ari Waisman, Rachael Walker, Michael D. Ward, Klaus Warnatz, Sarah Warth, James V. Watson, Carsten Watzl, Leonie Wegener, Annika Wiedemann, Jürgen Wienands, Gerald Willimsky, James Wing, Peter Wurst, Liping Yu, Alice Yue, Qianjun Zhang, Yi Zhao, Susanne Ziegler, Jakob Zimmermann European Journal of Immunology, 2017
Multi-tissue DNA methylation age predictor in mouse BI Ageing Clock Team, Thomas M. Stubbs, Marc Jan Bonder, Anne-Katrien Stark, Felix Krueger, Ferdinand von Meyenn, Oliver Stegle, Wolf Reik Genome Biology, 2017
Autophagy Controls Acquisition of Aging Features in Macrophages Amanda J. Stranks, Anne Louise Hansen, Isabel Panse, Monika Mortensen, David J.P. Ferguson, Daniel J. Puleston, Kevin Shenderov, Alexander Scarth Watson, Marc Veldhoen, Kanchan Phadwal, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Anna Katharina Simon Journal of Innate Immunity, 2015
Inflammation-induced formation of fat-associated lymphoid clusters Cécile Bénézech, Nguyet-Thin Luu, Jennifer A Walker, Andrei A Kruglov, Yunhua Loo, Kyoko Nakamura, Yang Zhang, Saba Nayar, Lucy H Jones, Adriana Flores-Langarica, Alistair McIntosh, Jennifer Marshall, Francesca Barone, Gurdyal Besra, Katherine Miles, Judith E Allen, Mohini Gray, George Kollias, Adam F Cunningham, David R Withers, Kai Michael Toellner, Nick D Jones, Marc Veldhoen, Sergei A Nedospasov, Andrew N J McKenzie, Jorge H Caamaño Nature Immunology, 2015
Helsinki alert of biodiversity and health Leena von Hertzen, Bruce Beutler, John Bienenstock, Martin Blaser, Patrice D. Cani, Johan Eriksson, Martti Färkkilä, Tari Haahtela, Ilkka Hanski, Maria C. Jenmalm, Juha Kere, Mikael Knip, Kimmo Kontula, Markku Koskenvuo, Charlotte Ling, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Erika von Mutius, Mika J. Mäkelä, Tiina Paunio, Göran Pershagen, Harald Renz, Graham Rook, Maria Saarela, Outi Vaarala, Marc Veldhoen, Willem M. de Vos Annals of Medicine, 2015
Regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by TPL-2 kinase Srividya Sriskantharajah, Eva Gückel, Niki Tsakiri, Katrin Kierdorf, Christine Brender, Abduelhakem Ben-Addi, Marc Veldhoen, Philip N Tsichlis, Brigitta Stockinger, Anne O’Garra, Marco Prinz, George Kollias, Steven C Ley Journal of Immunology, 2014
Persistence of skin-resident memory T cells within an epidermal niche Ali Zaid, Laura K. Mackay, Azad Rahimpour, Asolina Braun, Marc Veldhoen, Francis R. Carbone, Jonathan H. Manton, William R. Heath, Scott N. Mueller Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014
Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses Keiji Hirota, João H Duarte, Marc Veldhoen, Eve Hornsby, Ying Li, Daniel J Cua, Helena Ahlfors, Christoph Wilhelm, Mauro Tolaini, Ursula Menzel, Anna Garefalaki, Alexandre J Potocnik, Brigitta Stockinger Nature Immunology, 2011
Host cell traversal by Plasmodium parasites is essential for sterilizing hepatic cellular immunity A Rodrigues, AM Mendes, R Gonçalves, H Nunes-Cabaço, S Marques, ... bioRxiv, 2026.03. 20.713177 , 2026 2026
YME1L1 is Dispensable for T Lymphocyte Activation Despite its Upregulation and Activity G Malpica, M Joaquim, RS Machado, J Fernandes, MJ Hall, G Martins, ... bioRxiv, 2026.03. 16.712079 , 2026 2026
Systems Biology to Unravel Western Diet-Associated Triggers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Š Konjar, E Benedik, M Šestan, M Veldhoen, A Zupanic Frontiers in Immunology 16, 1621334 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
CD4 + tissue‐resident memory T cells and their role in immunity M Kirkby, M Veldhoen Immunology and Cell Biology 103 (8), 809-819 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
T Cells CDACV FERREIRA, M VELDHOEN US Patent App. 17/999,087 , 2025 2025
Lessons from Portugal on effects of cutting research funding M Veldhoen, JT Barata, LM Figueiredo, CM Azzalin Nature 639 (8056), 867-867 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination Z Hasan, KI Masood, M Veldhoen, S Qaiser, M Alenquer, M Akhtar, ... Heliyon 11 (3) , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Metabolic Stress Expands Polyfunctional, Proinflammatory Th 17 Cells in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis for Whom There is Interleukin‐23–Independent Interleukin … CB Stober, L Ellis, JC Goodall, M Veldhoen, JSH Gaston Arthritis & Rheumatology , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic blood donors at two time points in Karachi (vol 17, e0271259, 2022) M Hasan, B Moiz, S Qaiser, KI Masood, Z Ghous, A Hussain, N Ali, ... PLOS ONE 19 (12) , 2024 2024
Finding Their Place: Maintenance of Tissue Resident Memory T Cells in Lung Infections JC Lone, G Malpica, L Dratva, C Ferreira, L Barros, RA Vieira, C Mendes, ... EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 54, 1335-1335 , 2024 2024
A role for a novel factor in T cell biology G Malpica, S Ariotti, H Mukhopadhyay, G Vicente, A Radcke, M Veldhoen EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 54, 1495-1495 , 2024 2024
Tissue-resident memory T cells: Harnessing their properties against infection for cancer treatment J Fernandes, M Veldhoen, C Ferreira BioEssays: news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Metabolic Stress expands Polyfunctional, Proinflammatory Th17 cells in Psoriatic Arthritis, where there is IL-23-independent IL-17 production CB Stober, L Ellis, JC Goodall, M Veldhoen, JSH Gaston Arthritis Rheumatol 10 , 2024 2024
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan KI Masood, S Qaiser, SH Abidi, E Khan, SF Mahmood, A Hussain, ... BMC Infectious Diseases 23 (1), 846 , 2023 2023 Citations: 14
De novo human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 decoy NL-CVX1 protects mice from severe disease after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection M Rebelo, C Tang, AR Coelho, C Labão-Almeida, MM Schneider, ... The Journal of infectious diseases 228 (6), 723-733 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
CD8 + tissue-resident memory T-cell development depends on infection-matching regulatory T-cell types L Barros, D Piontkivska, P Figueiredo-Campos, J Fanczal, SP Ribeiro, ... Nature Communications 14 (1), 5579 , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
Investigating the impact of prior COVID‐19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP‐CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational … Z Hasan, KI Masood, S Qaiser, E Khan, A Hussain, Z Ghous, U Khan, ... Health Science Reports 6 (9), e1521 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance after breakthrough infection correlates with fit and happy T cells M Veldhoen, A Bertoletti Immunology and Cell Biology 101 (7), 587-589 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic blood donors at two time points in Karachi M Hasan, B Moiz, S Qaiser, KI Masood, Z Ghous, A Hussain, N Ali, ... PloS one 17 (8), e0271259 , 2022 2022 Citations: 18
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
TGFβ in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells M Veldhoen, RJ Hocking, CJ Atkins, RM Locksley, B Stockinger Immunity 24 (2), 179-189 , 2006 2006 Citations: 5261
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH 17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins M Veldhoen, K Hirota, AM Westendorf, J Buer, L Dumoutier, JC Renauld, ... Nature 453 (7191), 106-109 , 2008 2008 Citations: 2091
Transforming growth factor-β'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9–producing subset M Veldhoen, C Uyttenhove, J Van Snick, H Helmby, A Westendorf, J Buer, ... Nature immunology 9 (12), 1341-1346 , 2008 2008 Citations: 1864
Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses K Hirota, JH Duarte, M Veldhoen, E Hornsby, Y Li, DJ Cua, H Ahlfors, ... Nature immunology 12 (3), 255-263 , 2011 2011 Citations: 1497
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies A Cossarizza, HD Chang, A Radbruch, M Akdis, I Andrä, F Annunziato, ... European journal of immunology 47 (10), 1584-1797 , 2017 2017 Citations: 1300
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies A Cossarizza, HD Chang, A Radbruch, A Acs, D Adam, S Adam‐Klages, ... European journal of immunology 49 (10), 1457-1973 , 2019 2019 Citations: 1211
Interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells selectively expand in response to pathogen products and environmental signals B Martin, K Hirota, DJ Cua, B Stockinger, M Veldhoen Immunity 31 (2), 321-330 , 2009 2009 Citations: 1093
Differentiation and function of Th17 T cells B Stockinger, M Veldhoen Current opinion in immunology 19 (3), 281-286 , 2007 2007 Citations: 1080
Exogenous stimuli maintain intraepithelial lymphocytes via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation Y Li, S Innocentin, DR Withers, NA Roberts, AR Gallagher, EF Grigorieva, ... Cell 147 (3), 629-640 , 2011 2011 Citations: 970
Highly purified Th17 cells from BDC2. 5NOD mice convert into Th1-like cells in NOD/SCID recipient mice D Bending, H De La Peña, M Veldhoen, JM Phillips, C Uyttenhove, ... The Journal of clinical investigation 119 (3), 565-572 , 2009 2009 Citations: 746
Natural agonists for aryl hydrocarbon receptor in culture medium are essential for optimal differentiation of Th17 T cells M Veldhoen, K Hirota, J Christensen, A O'Garra, B Stockinger Journal of Experimental Medicine 206 (1), 43-49 , 2009 2009 Citations: 668
Microbiota derived short chain fatty acids promote histone crotonylation in the colon through histone deacetylases R Fellows, J Denizot, C Stellato, A Cuomo, P Jain, E Stoyanova, S Balázsi, ... Nature communications 9 (1), 105 , 2018 2018 Citations: 586
Interleukin 17 is a chief orchestrator of immunity M Veldhoen Nature immunology 18 (6), 612-621 , 2017 2017 Citations: 577
Signals mediated by transforming growth factor-β initiate autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but chronic inflammation is needed to sustain disease M Veldhoen, RJ Hocking, RA Flavell, B Stockinger Nature immunology 7 (11), 1151-1156 , 2006 2006 Citations: 574
Interleukin-10 production by Th1 cells requires interleukin-12-induced STAT4 transcription factor and ERK MAP kinase activation by high antigen dose M Saraiva, JR Christensen, M Veldhoen, TL Murphy, KM Murphy, ... Immunity 31 (2), 209-219 , 2009 2009 Citations: 455
Multi-tissue DNA methylation age predictor in mouse OSWR Thomas M. Stubbs, Marc Jan Bonder, Anne-Katrien Stark, Felix Krueger ... Genome biology 18 (1), 68 , 2017 2017 Citations: 443
Th17 T cells: linking innate and adaptive immunity B Stockinger, M Veldhoen, B Martin Seminars in immunology 19 (6), 353-361 , 2007 2007 Citations: 409
Persistence of skin-resident memory T cells within an epidermal niche A Zaid, LK Mackay, A Rahimpour, A Braun, M Veldhoen, FR Carbone, ... Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (14), 5307-5312 , 2014 2014 Citations: 376
CD25 + CD4 + T cells compete with naive CD4 + T cells for IL-2 and exploit it for the induction of IL-10 production T Barthlott, H Moncrieffe, M Veldhoen, CJ Atkins, J Christensen, A O'Garra, ... International immunology 17 (3), 279-288 , 2005 2005 Citations: 320
Transient inhibition of ROR-γt therapeutically limits intestinal inflammation by reducing TH 17 cells and preserving group 3 innate lymphoid cells DR Withers, MR Hepworth, X Wang, EC Mackley, EE Halford, EE Dutton, ... Nature medicine 22 (3), 319-323 , 2016 2016 Citations: 284
