Fertilization Effects on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Maize Growth and Yield in Southeast Sulawesi Dryland, Indonesia International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 2025 Maize plays a prominent role in fulfilling food and fodder demands in the industry.This study aimed to determine the effect of NPK fertilization on soil chemical properties and maize productivity.The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five levels of NPK, organic, and CaCO3 fertilization treatments, each with five replications.Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by DMRT and Tukey's test at P<0.05.The research results demonstrated the following initial soil chemical and physical characteristics: neutral soil pH, low organic carbon content, very low nitrogen (N) content, moderate phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) contents, moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC), very high calcium (Ca) content, and sandy clay loam texture.After fertilization with N, P, K, organic matter, and CaCO3, the following changes were observed: decreased soil pH, organic carbon, Ca content, CEC, and silt content, along with a significant increase in N, P, K, Mg, sand, and clay contents.The highest organic carbon, P, and K contents in maize biomass were achieved with 75% and 100% NPK fertilization, while the highest N content was observed with 50, 75, and 100% NPK fertilization.The best C/N ratio and the most optimal maize growth and productivity were obtained from 100% NPK fertilization.The highest maize yields were recorded with 75% (7,610kgha) and 100% (7,690kgha) NPK fertilization.The highest maize yields were recorded from 75% (7,610kgha) and 100% (7,690kgha) fertilization.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Endophytic Fungi in Sugarcane as Antagonists of the Pathogen Fusarium sacchari Asniah Asniah, Muhammad Taufik Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 2025 Fusarium sacchari is a pathogenic fungus that causes the pokkah boeng disease in sugarcane plants. The symptoms of pokkah boeng disease are systemic, spreading throughout all parts of the plant. The control measures implemented so far still rely on synthetic pesticides but have not yielded optimal results and are not environmentally friendly. One of the environmentally friendly control methods is the use of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi live within plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. This research aims to discover endophytic fungi derived from sugarcane and evaluate their ability to suppress the growth of the pathogen F. sacchari. The research began with the isolation of sugarcane tissue, followed by the morphological and molecular characterization of endophytic fungi and testing their inhibitory capacity against the pathogen F. sacchari. Morphological identification was based on colony and microscopic characteristics, while molecular identification was conducted using PCR and sequencing, with similarities based on GenBank. Inhibition tests were conducted through dual culture and volatile compound testing, as well as enzyme production. The research results obtained 38 endophytic fungal isolates from sugarcane plants that have the ability to inhibit the pathogen F. sacchari. Five of these isolates showed the highest inhibition against F. sacchari and produced cellulase, protease, and chitinase enzymes. Molecular identification results indicated that these five-sugarcane endophytic fungal isolates are Daldinia eschscholdzii, Hypoxylon pulicicidum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, and Diaporthe phaseolorum. The endophytic fungus T. harzianum provides the highest inhibition rate of 83.33% in dual culture and 55.5% inhibition through the production of volatile compounds. Keywords: Endophytic fungi, inhibitory power, Fusarium sacchari, morphological characteristics, molecular characteristics, pokkah boeng disease, sugarcane plants.
Characterization of the Type 2 L-Asparaginase Gene in Thermohalophilic Bacterial from Wawolesea Hot Springs, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Muzuni ., Ridha Aprilyani, Ardiansyah ., Suriana ., Muhammad Farij, Mathilda Theressa Gultom Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023 Background and Objective: Type 2 L-asparaginase enzyme can be used as a cancer therapy agent and prevent acrylamide formation in food products. Enzymes produced by thermohalophilic bacteria can provide high activity at high temperatures so they are needed on an industrial scale. Hence, this study aims to determine the characteristics of the gene encoding type 2 L-asparaginase enzyme in the thermohalophilic bacterial isolate CAT3.4. Materials and Methods: This research is a type of exploratory research. The characteristics of the gene encoding type 2 L-asparaginase were determined using the PCR technique using the primer pairs AsnBac2-F2 (5'-CTCACGGGAATCTCCATAACTC-3') and AsnBac2-R2 (5'CAGCGATGTAACAGACAGCATC-3'). The characterization process was carried out in stages: Isolation of genomic DNA using a modified alkali-lysis method, nucleotide and protein similarity analysis using BLASTn analysis on the NCBI website, construction of a phylogenetic tree using the MEGAX program, restriction enzyme mapping and amino acid analysis using the Bioedit program. Results: The characterization results showed that the PCR product has a size of 1594 bp with a CDS of 1128 bp, has a similarity value of 100% with Bacillus subtilis, has seven restriction enzymes as molecular markers for the type 2 L-asparaginase gene at the species level: BsrGI, DraI, EcoRV, HindIII, HpyCH4IV , SspI and TaiI, have dominant hydrophilic regions and are in the same subclass as Bacillus subtilis strain GOT9. Conclusion: The target gene was similar to the gene encoding type 2 L-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis with a max identity of 98.85%, query coverage value of 100% and E-value of 0.
Characterization of type I L-asparaginase encoding gene from the thermohalophilic bacterium Bacillus subtilis CAT3.4 from Wawolesea Hot Spring, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Muzuni Muzuni, M. Nasrul Ilham, ARDIANSYAH ARDIANSYAH, Suriana Laga, YUTRIANA PUTRI, et al. Biodiversitas, 2023 Abstract. Muzuni, Ilham M, Ardiansyah, Suriana, Putri Y, Kartina. 2023. Characterization of type I L-asparaginase encoding gene from the thermohalophilic bacterium Bacillus subtilis CAT3.4 from Wawolesea Hot Spring, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5167-5178. This study aims to determine the molecular characteristics of the gene encoding type 1 L-asparaginase from CAT3.4 thermohalophilic bacterial isolates from the hot springs of Wawolesea, North Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. This enzyme can be used as a cancer therapy agent and prevents the formation of acrylamide in food products. It is a kind of exploratory research. The characterization was done by amplifying the ansA gene sequence encoding L-asparaginase from CAT3.4 isolate by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) technique using primers AsnBac1-F1 (5'-ACGCGATATTTCTTTTGGCCGG-3') and AsnBac1-R1 (5'-CAGTGAAGAGGTGCATGGTATG-3'). The amplified PCR product was used as a template for sequencing by the Sanger method. The amino acid coding regions (CDS) obtained were bioinformatically characterized using the NCBI website for BLASTn analysis, restriction site and hydrophobicity profiles were analyzed using the BioEdit program, phylogenetic tree was analyzed using the MEGA X program, and type 1 L-asparaginase amino acid sequence was analyzed using the Expasy translate program. The characterization results showed that the target gene has a high similarity to the ansA gene sequence of 20 Bacillus subtilis strains, i.e., 99-100%, is closely related to the ansA gene of Bacillus subtilis strain SRCM103629 and Bacillus subtilis strain GOT9, can be identified using restriction enzymes MluI and BstI to differentiate the species of organisms they produce, has CDS encoding 329 amino acids with a dominant composition of polar amino acids (54.1%) and has a hydrophobicity profile of amino acids dominated by hydrophilic regions. All these characteristics have confirmed that the characterized gene is the ansA gene encoding type 1 L-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis. The finding of the ansA gene from Bacillus subtilis in a thermohalophilic region in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia is a novelty of the research.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Composition and Sex Ratio of Decapod Crustaceans Catch from Southeast Sulawesi Waters of Indonesia Oce Astuti, La Sara, Muzuni Muzuni, Safilu Safilu Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2022 This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism abnormalities and neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in patients with ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment.Glucose metabolism abnormalities and cognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke were detected by glucose tolerance test and neuropsychological test.Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory ability of MCAO model rats.RT-PCR and Western Blot method were used to detect the expression of autophagy and apoptosis genes in neurons.We found that patients with ischemic stroke suffered from different degrees of impaired glucose tolerance, and the HbA1c index of patients with impaired glucose regulation and diabetes was higher than that of the normal glycemic group at the beginning and 3 months after the onset.The proportion of LAA and SAO in the two groups, other than the normal blood glucose group, reached 61.90%, 52.00%, 33.30%, and 40.00%, respectively.Compared with the other two groups, the MMSE and Mattis dementia scale scores and their attention were different in the impaired glucose regulation group; animal experiments found that the learning ability and memory ability of rats with ischemic stroke were reduced, and the expression levels of neuron autophagy-related genes Bclin-1, LC3, Bcl2 and apoptosis-related genecapase 3 increased.To conclude, aggravated cognitive dysfunction in patients with ischemic stroke could cause glucose metabolism abnormalities and increase neuronal autophagy and apoptosis.
Molecular Identification of Lobster Species Based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene characters Yusnaini ., Muzuni ., Indriyani Nur Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022 <b>Background and Objective:</b> In the puerulus phase, which is not pigmented, identification of lobster species based on morphological characteristics is still difficult identity, so it is necessary to identify based on molecular characters. This study aimed to analyze the mitochondrial subunit I cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene characters of the puerulus of lobster species. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The data can be useful for developing lobster seed identification methods based on DNA characteristics. Location of lobster sampling in Staring Bay, coastal waters of Moramo District, South Konawe Regency, Indonesia. The molecular characterization method is carried out in several stages, namely specific primer design, DNA preparation, PCR with specific primers, DNA sequencing and DNA sequence analysis. Characteristics of COI gene fragments were analyzed using BLAST analysis, restriction enzyme analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that DNA was successfully isolated with a high level of purity. The results of the amplification of the COI gene fragment showed thick and firm bands and formed a single band measuring 751 bp with 249 amino acids. Based on the BLAST analysis shows that the COI gene fragment has 99% similarity with <i>Panulirus homarus</i>. Based restriction enzyme analysis shows that the site of recognition and restriction enzyme cutting position in the <i>Panulirus</i> COI gene fragment is the same as <i>Panulirus homarus</i> in Genebank, the <i>Ase</i>I enzyme in position 392 and <i>Psi </i>I in positions 47 and 106. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on phylogenetic tree analysis, the COI gene fragment is in one group with <i>Panulirus homarus</i> and has a bootstrap value of 100% which shows that the nucleotide sequence is stable. The three analyzes show that the DNA source organism is the same species as <i>Panulirus homarus</i>.
Status of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) population in southeast sulawesi waters, Indonesia Aacl Bioflux, 2019
Environmental status of kappaphycus alvarezii cultivation area following temporary eutrophication Aacl Bioflux, 2019
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