Precision-engineered nanomaterials: Unlocking the potential of water-in-oil microemulsions for the controlled synthesis, morphology design, and future innovations Trishna Mandal, Sk Mehebub Rahaman, Nargis Khatun, Arnab Patra, Kripasindhu Karmakar, Prafullya Kumar Mudi, Bidyut Saha Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 2025 Nanomaterials with precisely controlled size and shape have attracted considerable attention over the past two decades due to their diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, oil recovery, energy production and storage, wastewater treatment, and advanced magnetic devices. Among the various synthesis techniques, water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions have emerged as a superior strategy for the preparation of nanoparticles with well-defined morphology and minimal aggregation. These self-assembled colloidal dispersions act as nanoscale reactors, offering exceptional control over nanoparticle growth and structural evolution. This review critically examines the role of W/O microemulsions in tailoring nanoparticle size, geometry, and crystallinity by modulating key physicochemical parameters such as surfactant architecture, cosurfactant-to-surfactant molar ratio, and water-to-surfactant molar ratio. The influence of surfactant head group charge, hydrophobic tail length, and cosurfactant selection on nanoparticle synthesis is systematically analyzed, highlighting the versatility of anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants. Despite significant progress, critical gaps remain, including the underutilization of ionic liquid-based microemulsions and the limited exploration of amines as cosurfactants. Additionally, the potential of biosurfactants as sustainable alternatives for nanoparticle synthesis remains largely untapped. By consolidating extensive research findings, this review provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing W/O microemulsion systems and offer valuable insights for future advances in nanomaterial synthesis and applications.
Decrypting the hydrogen evolution in alkaline water with novel magnetoactive cobalt(ii) complex-driven cobalt oxide electrocatalysts Subhajit Saha, Nilankar Diyali, Sangharaj Diyali, Subhra Jyoti Panda, Mainak Das, Sobhna Acharya, Prafullya Kumar Mudi, Monika Singh, Partha Pratim Ray, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Bhaskar Biswas Dalton Transactions, 2024 This work emphasises the design and synthesis as well as the structural, electrical and magnetic characterisation of two cobalt(ii) complexes and their electrocatalytic fate towards sustainable hydrogen production in alkaline water.
A benzimidazole scaffold as a promising inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 Prafullya Kumar Mudi, Ayan Kumar Mahanty, Muddukrishnaiah Kotakonda, Sunnapu Prasad, Subires Bhattacharyya, Bhaskar Biswas Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 2023 The manuscript reports the green-chemical synthesis of a new diindole-substituted benzimidazole compound, B1 through a straightforward route in coupling between indolyl-3-carboxaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine in water medium under the aerobic condition at 75 ºC. The single crystal X-ray structural analysis of B1 suggests that the disubstituted benzimidazole compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system and the indole groups exist in a perpendicular fashion with respect to benzimidazole moiety. The SARS-CoV-2 screening activity has been studied against 1 × 10e4 VeroE6 cells in a dose-dependent manner following Hoechst 33342 and nucleocapsid staining activity with respect to remdesivir. The compound exhibits 92.4% cell viability for 30 h and 35.1% inhibition against VeroE6 cells at non-cytotoxic concentration. Molecular docking studies predict high binding propensities of B1 with the main protease (Mpro) and non-structural (nsp2 and nsp7-nsp8) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 through a number of non-covalent interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis for 100 ns confirms the formation of stable conformations of B1-docked proteins with significant changes of binding energy, attributing the potential inhibition properties of the synthetic benzimidazole scaffold against SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Copper(II) complexes with a benzimidazole functionalized Schiff base: Synthesis, crystal structures, and role of ancillary ions in phenoxazinone synthase activity Prafullya Kumar Mudi, Rajani Kanta Mahato, Mayank Joshi, Madhusudan Shit, Angshuman Roy Choudhury, Hari Sankar Das, Bhaskar Biswas Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2021 This research study reports the synthesis, structural characterization and phenoxazinone synthase‐like activity of two structurally similar copper(II) complexes developed with a benzimidazole functionalized Schiff base (L). The ligand, L, was designed and synthesized in high yield by the reaction of p‐methoxy benzaldehyde with o‐phenylenediamine. The reaction of L with CuCl2 and Cu(NO3)2 leads to the formation of two isostructural complexes, [Cu(L)2Cl2]2 (1) and [Cu(L)2(NO3)2]2 (2). Single crystal X‐ray structural study reveals that both the Cu(II) centre in 1 and 2 adopts a square planar geometry. An attempt has also been made to understand the role of coordinated co‐ligands on the catalytic oxidation of 2‐aminophenol (2‐AP) to 2‐amino‐3H‐phenoxazine‐3‐one (2‐APX) in methanol. The presence of coordinated nitrate to Cu(II) ions imparts a more labile character to complex 2, and the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for complex 2 (1.50 × 107) was determined almost double compared with that of complex 1 (8.78 × 106). Electro‐chemical and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry studies of 1 and 2 with 2‐AP suggests that the square planar geometries of the Cu(II) centres remain the driving force to develop enzyme‐substrate adducts and excellent catalytic performance of the complexes. Electrochemical and EPR spectral analysis of the reaction mixture confirm the presence of active 2‐AP−/2‐AP•− redox species in the course of catalytic oxidation and suggest the radical driven oxidative coupling of 2‐AP in an aerobic environment. Temperature‐dependent kinetic measurements were carried out to evaluate the activation parameters (Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡), which favours the higher rate of catalytic oxidation of 2‐AP for complex 2 than complex 1.
Nickel(ii) di-aqua complex containing a water cluster: synthesis, X-ray structure and catecholase activity Madhusudan Shit, Suvendu Maity, Sachinath Bera, Prafullya Kumar Mudi, Bhaskar Biswas, Thomas Weyhermüller, Prasanta Ghosh New Journal of Chemistry, 2021 A trans-diaquanickel(ii) complex with a tetradentate aryloxyacetic acid ligand that forms a six membered water cluster in crystals and exhibits catecholase activity with a good turnover number is reported.
Design and formulation of saponin based mustard oil derived extra stable oil-in-water emulsion: Exploration of its antimicrobial activity S Ghosh, SM Rahaman, NG Ghosh, PK Mudi, A Nandi, S Dam, B Saha New Journal of Chemistry , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Precision-engineered nanomaterials: unlocking the potential of water-in-oil microemulsions for the controlled synthesis, morphology design, and future innovations T Mandal, SM Rahaman, N Khatun, A Patra, K Karmakar, PK Mudi, ... Tenside Surfactants Detergents 62 (3), 211-236 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Demulsification of crude oil emulsion NG Ghosh, R Rana, MS Ali, B Saha, PK Mudi Elsevier , 2025 2025
Challenges and opportunities of biofuel production MS Ali, NG Ghosh, R Rana, PK Mudi Elsevier , 2025 2025
Hydrogen as a sustainable transportation fuel: Technologies, storage systems, applications, infrastructure and refueling stations R Rana, MS Ali, NG Ghosh, RK Mahato, PK Mudi Elsevier , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Decrypting the hydrogen evolution in alkaline water with novel magnetoactive cobalt (ii) complex-driven cobalt oxide electrocatalysts S Saha, N Diyali, S Diyali, SJ Panda, M Das, S Acharya, PK Mudi, ... Dalton Transactions 53 (33), 13805-13814 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
A benzimidazole scaffold as a promising inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 PK Mudi, AK Mahanty, M Kotakonda, S Prasad, S Bhattacharyya, ... Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 41 (5), 1798-1810 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
In silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of five-membered heterocycle-substituted benzimidazoles PK Mudi, RK Mahato, H Verma, SJ Panda, CS Purohit, O Silakari, ... Journal of Molecular Structure 1261, 132869 , 2022 2022 Citations: 25
A thiomethyl-substituted imidazolyl imine functionalized copper (II) complex: synthesis, structural characterization, phenoxazinone synthase mimics and biological activities N Bandopadhyay, K Paramanik, PK Mudi, G Sarkar, M Kotakonda, M Shit, ... Polyhedron 218, 115783 , 2022 2022 Citations: 12
Design, structural characterization and bio-inspired catalysis of some coordination compounds containing polydentate chelators PK Mudi University of North Bengal , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Schiff base driven denticity-fluctuated structural assortment of zinc-pseudohalide complexes: synthesis, structures and electrical transport properties PK Mudi, L Singla, A Chamuah, S Bhattacharya, AR Choudhury, B Biswas CrystEngComm 24 (13), 2418-2428 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
A direct metal‐free synthetic approach for the efficient production of privileged benzimidazoles in water medium under aerobic condition R Kanta Mahato, P Kumar Mudi, M Deb, B Biswas Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (11), 2954-2963 , 2021 2021 Citations: 18
Head-to-Tail interlocking aromatic rings of a hydrazine functionalized Schiff base for the development of Nano-aggregates with blue emission: Structural and spectroscopic … PK Mudi, A Das, N Mahata, B Biswas Journal of Molecular Liquids 340, 117193 , 2021 2021 Citations: 14
Copper (II) complexes with a benzimidazole functionalized Schiff base: synthesis, crystal structures, and role of ancillary ions in phenoxazinone synthase activity PK Mudi, RK Mahato, M Joshi, M Shit, AR Choudhury, HS Das, B Biswas Applied Organometallic Chemistry 35 (6), e6211 , 2021 2021 Citations: 42
Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of an o-vanillin Functionalized Schiff Base PK Mudi, S Pradhan, A Sahu, D Saha, B Biswas Applied Microbiology: Theory & Technology , 2021 2021 Citations: 4
Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of an PK Mudi, S Pradhan, A Sahu, D Saha, B Biswas 2021
Nickel (II) di-aqua complex containing a water cluster: synthesis, X-ray structure and catecholase activity M Shit, S Maity, S Bera, PK Mudi, B Biswas, T Weyhermüller, P Ghosh New Journal of Chemistry 45 (4), 2221-2227 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Schiff base triggering synthesis of copper (II) complex and its catalytic fate towards mimics of phenoxazinone synthase activity PK Mudi, N Bandopadhyay, M Joshi, M Shit, S Paul, AR Choudhury, ... Inorganica Chimica Acta 505, 119468 , 2020 2020 Citations: 67
Synthesis and structural characterization of a linkage isomer to a mononuclear Nickel (II) complex: Experimental and computational depiction of phosphoesterase efficiency PK Mudi, RK Mahato, M Joshi, S Paul, AR Choudhury, B Biswas Journal of Molecular Structure 1200, 127083 , 2020 2020 Citations: 9
Synthesis, supramolecular architecture and fluorescence property of a mixed ligand 1D Pb (II) coordination polymer PK Mudi, CK Pal, B Biswas European Journal of Chemistry 10 (2), 125-130 , 2019 2019
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Schiff base triggering synthesis of copper (II) complex and its catalytic fate towards mimics of phenoxazinone synthase activity PK Mudi, N Bandopadhyay, M Joshi, M Shit, S Paul, AR Choudhury, ... Inorganica Chimica Acta 505, 119468 , 2020 2020 Citations: 67
Copper (II) complexes with a benzimidazole functionalized Schiff base: synthesis, crystal structures, and role of ancillary ions in phenoxazinone synthase activity PK Mudi, RK Mahato, M Joshi, M Shit, AR Choudhury, HS Das, B Biswas Applied Organometallic Chemistry 35 (6), e6211 , 2021 2021 Citations: 42
In silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of five-membered heterocycle-substituted benzimidazoles PK Mudi, RK Mahato, H Verma, SJ Panda, CS Purohit, O Silakari, ... Journal of Molecular Structure 1261, 132869 , 2022 2022 Citations: 25
A direct metal‐free synthetic approach for the efficient production of privileged benzimidazoles in water medium under aerobic condition R Kanta Mahato, P Kumar Mudi, M Deb, B Biswas Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (11), 2954-2963 , 2021 2021 Citations: 18
Head-to-Tail interlocking aromatic rings of a hydrazine functionalized Schiff base for the development of Nano-aggregates with blue emission: Structural and spectroscopic … PK Mudi, A Das, N Mahata, B Biswas Journal of Molecular Liquids 340, 117193 , 2021 2021 Citations: 14
A benzimidazole scaffold as a promising inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 PK Mudi, AK Mahanty, M Kotakonda, S Prasad, S Bhattacharyya, ... Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 41 (5), 1798-1810 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Schiff base driven denticity-fluctuated structural assortment of zinc-pseudohalide complexes: synthesis, structures and electrical transport properties PK Mudi, L Singla, A Chamuah, S Bhattacharya, AR Choudhury, B Biswas CrystEngComm 24 (13), 2418-2428 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
A thiomethyl-substituted imidazolyl imine functionalized copper (II) complex: synthesis, structural characterization, phenoxazinone synthase mimics and biological activities N Bandopadhyay, K Paramanik, PK Mudi, G Sarkar, M Kotakonda, M Shit, ... Polyhedron 218, 115783 , 2022 2022 Citations: 12
Decrypting the hydrogen evolution in alkaline water with novel magnetoactive cobalt (ii) complex-driven cobalt oxide electrocatalysts S Saha, N Diyali, S Diyali, SJ Panda, M Das, S Acharya, PK Mudi, ... Dalton Transactions 53 (33), 13805-13814 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Synthesis and structural characterization of a linkage isomer to a mononuclear Nickel (II) complex: Experimental and computational depiction of phosphoesterase efficiency PK Mudi, RK Mahato, M Joshi, S Paul, AR Choudhury, B Biswas Journal of Molecular Structure 1200, 127083 , 2020 2020 Citations: 9
Nickel (II) di-aqua complex containing a water cluster: synthesis, X-ray structure and catecholase activity M Shit, S Maity, S Bera, PK Mudi, B Biswas, T Weyhermüller, P Ghosh New Journal of Chemistry 45 (4), 2221-2227 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of an o-vanillin Functionalized Schiff Base PK Mudi, S Pradhan, A Sahu, D Saha, B Biswas Applied Microbiology: Theory & Technology , 2021 2021 Citations: 4
Hydrogen as a sustainable transportation fuel: Technologies, storage systems, applications, infrastructure and refueling stations R Rana, MS Ali, NG Ghosh, RK Mahato, PK Mudi Elsevier , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Design and formulation of saponin based mustard oil derived extra stable oil-in-water emulsion: Exploration of its antimicrobial activity S Ghosh, SM Rahaman, NG Ghosh, PK Mudi, A Nandi, S Dam, B Saha New Journal of Chemistry , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Precision-engineered nanomaterials: unlocking the potential of water-in-oil microemulsions for the controlled synthesis, morphology design, and future innovations T Mandal, SM Rahaman, N Khatun, A Patra, K Karmakar, PK Mudi, ... Tenside Surfactants Detergents 62 (3), 211-236 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Design, structural characterization and bio-inspired catalysis of some coordination compounds containing polydentate chelators PK Mudi University of North Bengal , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Demulsification of crude oil emulsion NG Ghosh, R Rana, MS Ali, B Saha, PK Mudi Elsevier , 2025 2025
Challenges and opportunities of biofuel production MS Ali, NG Ghosh, R Rana, PK Mudi Elsevier , 2025 2025
Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of an PK Mudi, S Pradhan, A Sahu, D Saha, B Biswas 2021
Synthesis, supramolecular architecture and fluorescence property of a mixed ligand 1D Pb (II) coordination polymer PK Mudi, CK Pal, B Biswas European Journal of Chemistry 10 (2), 125-130 , 2019 2019