Experimental Study of the Flash Temperature Parameter for the Blends of Soybean Oil with Carbon Nano-Particle Mohammed Hassan Jabal, Arshad Abdul Jaleil Hameed, Abdulrahman Shakir Mahmood Turkish Journal of Engineering, 2026 The escalating environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based lubricants have intensified the search for sustainable alternatives. While vegetable oils offer promising biodegradability and renewability, their tribological performance often falls short of mineral oils. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of soybean oil by blending it with Carbon Nano Particles (CNPs), addressing a critical research gap in the application of nano-additives to this specific bio-oil. The primary motivation is to develop an environmentally friendly lubricant with performance characteristics that rival or surpass conventional mineral oil. The methodology involved an experimental investigation using a four-ball tribotester according to ASTM D4172 standards. Soybean oil was blended with CNP additives at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt.%, and its performance was compared to both neat soybean oil and a commercial mineral oil. Key findings reveal that the 3.0 wt.% CNP blend (SOC3) demonstrated superior performance: it yielded the smallest wear scar diameter (WSD) (364.01 µm), the lowest coefficient of friction (0.0133), and the highest flash temperature parameter (164.62), significantly outperforming both neat soybean oil and the mineral oil benchmark. The significance of these results is profound, demonstrating that CNP additives can effectively mitigate the inherent limitations of soybean oil. This study conclusively shows that soybean-CNP blends are not merely eco-friendly alternatives but are high-performance lubricants capable of reducing wear and friction, thereby offering a viable and sustainable substitute for petroleum-based products in industrial applications.
Thermal Evaluation of an Internal Combustion Engine Lubricated with Mustard Seeds Oil as A Renewable Bio-fluid Hussain Saad Abd, Abdulmunem R. Abdulmunem, Raed A. Jessam, Mohammed Hassan Jabal Evergreen, 2025 The bio-renewable oil and fluid such as the plant fluids are in high demand nowadays as a lubricant, cooling oils and motion energy transmission fluids in mechanical or hydraulic systems processes, since they are a natural resource with a high biodegradability compared to commercial mineral fluids.In this work, the thermal performance of the mustard seeds oil is assessed utilizing a rotary pin-on-disc machine at varying rotational speeds of 250, 500, and 750 rpm, with 50 N as a fixed normal load, and 25 o C as a test temperature over the course of 60 minutes.The oil samples' performance was also evaluated using a single-cylinder, four-stroke, cooled by air, directly-injection diesel engine that requires no engine modifications.According to the findings of the research, could be seen a number of beneficial properties of the mustard seed oil as a bio-cooling oil depending on the high value of flash temperature parameter 5.74 as compared to mineral fluids of 5.63 under 250 rpm and 4.33 and 4.08 under 500 rpm, that mean the mustard seed oil has satisfactory thermal performance.The experimental results also reveal that using non-edible mustard seeds oil reduces brake-specific fuel consumption by around 6% and 4% respectively, at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm and a constant applied load of 5 N.m.In overall, it can be concluded that using of the mustard seeds oil has a promising future as an alternative bio-cooling oil instead of mineral oils in internal combustion engines.
Thermal characteristic of corn fluid blends as renewable bio-fluid Mohammed Hassan, Ahmed A. Khudhair, Farid Nasir Ani Aip Conference Proceedings, 2022 Investigating kinds of vegetable oil was done to substitute products with petroleum base because they have environmentally friendly features as well as they become vital sources for bio-fluids. The vegetable oil is useful because it is available as a renewable source. Moreover, the lubricants having bases of vegetable oil nature have designated potential for decreasing carbon dioxides as well as hydrocarbon emissions once they operate within an interior combusting engine also within industry process. Two methods for using vegetables’ fluids as bio-fluids, the first is by direct using of neat vegetables’ fluids with no blending and the second is by using specific rate of blending the vegetable oils along with the commercial fluids. Regarding the current work, investigating the mixing rate effects of mineral oil with double kinds of vegetable fluid was done on the thermal characteristics then a comparison was done with commerce oils using machine of four-ball type. Corn fluid (CON) and castor fluid (CAS) got blended separately at volumetric rate that ranges between 20 up to 80% with commercial mineral oils. Each experimentation work conforms to ASTM D4172. According to the outcomes, a number of blends of corn and castor fluids along with commerce oils reduced the scar diameter and increase the flash temperature parameter (thermal performance) compared to mineral fluid. Both blends exhibit lower friction’s constant in comparison with oils of commercial lubricants. One could conclude that some blends of corn or castor fluid with commerce oils have well-performance in comparison with commerce oils or neat corn or neat castor fluid.
Cooling performance characteristics of corn oil as a renewable-bio oil in electric transformer Ahmed A. Khudhair, Mohammed Hassan Jabal, Samar Jaafar Ismeal Aip Conference Proceedings, 2022 Vegetable oils are considered as environmentally friendly oils and possess an abundant benefit compared to different kinds of bio-oil, they are wildly available by means of renewable sources. This study concentrates upon investigating the effect of utilizing the corn oil for the cooling performing features of electric transformer, and making a comparison with the cooling performance of the electric transformer which cooling by the commercial mineral fluid. This investigation done by using the four ball machine and electric transformers. Each experiment that was executed complies with ASTM D4172-B. Depending on the outcomes of the four-ball machine and electric transformer, it has been noticed that the corn oil has the adequate cooling behaviours compared to the commercial cooling fluid.
Palm Olein with Jatropha Curcas Oil Blend as a Renewable Bio-Fluid Mohammed Hassan Jabal, Hussain Saad Abd, A. A. Gaddoa, Ibrahim Falih Kadhim, Syahrullail Samion, Ameer S. Shajar, Abdulwahhab A. Hardan Iop Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Determination the position and distance of a ground source of random vibration Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2020
Working features evaluation of the diesel engine lubricated with blends of renewable corn oil and carbon nanotubes Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2020
Experimental investigation of the neat rubber seed oil as a hydraulic fluid using four-ball tribotester Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2019
IC-engine performance using MWCNT dispersed in non-edible sunflower oil as bio lubricant: Experimental investigation International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
Experimental Study of the Flash Temperature Parameter for the Blends of Soybean Oil with Carbon Nano-Particle MH Jabal, AAJ Hameed, AS Mahmood Turkish Journal of Engineering 10 (1), 197-203 , 2026 2026
Performance feature of vegetable oil and carbon nanotube blends as a renewable cooling medium FA Younus, MH Jabal, SJ Ismael AIP Conference Proceedings 3350 (1), 070012 , 2025 2025
Experimental investigation for the blend of sunflower seeds oil with carbon nanoparticles under specific rotational speed FA Younus, SJ Ismael, MH Jabala AIP Conference Proceedings 3350 (1), 040003 , 2025 2025
Thermal Evaluation of an Internal Combustion Engine Lubricated with Mustard Seeds Oil as A Renewable Bio-fluid HS Abd, AR Abdulmunem, RA Jessam, MH Jabal Transdiscilinary Research and Education Center for Green Technologies … , 2025 2025
Thermal performance characteristics of sunflower seed oil as a renewable bio fluid DJ Ibraheem, MH Jabal, SJ Ismael AIP Conference Proceedings 3002 (1), 070040 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Implement a water pumps intelligent controller for industrial applications FJ Saweecht, SJ Ismael, MH Jabal AIP Conference Proceedings 3002 (1), 050018 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Performance characteristics a photovoltaic liquid pumping system under various operation conditions FJ Saweecht, MH Jabal, SJ Ismael AIP Conference Proceedings 3002 (1), 070032 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Thermal performance features of the bio-pumping unit with automatic controller based on neural network DJ Ibraheem, SJ Ismail, MH Jabal AIP Conference Proceedings 3002 (1), 060004 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Thermal characteristic of corn fluid blends as renewable bio-fluid MH Jabal, AA Khudhair, FN Ani AIP Conference Proceedings 2415 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Cooling performance characteristics of corn oil as a renewable-bio oil in electric transformer AA Khudhair, MH Jabal, SJ Ismeal AIP Conference Proceedings 2415 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Corn Oil Performance’s A Bio Cooling Fluid in Electric Distribution Transformer SJI Ahmed A. Khudhair , Mohammed H. Jabal Engineering and Technology Journal 40 (1), 20-30 , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
Experimental Investigation on Mist Flow and Heat Transfer in a Uniformly Heated Vertical Cylinder MHJ Akram H. Abed, Ayad K. Khlief International Journal of Heat and Technology 39 (6), 1835-1844 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Experimental investigation of modified solar still coupled with high-frequency ultrasonic vaporizer and phase change material capsules AH Abed, HA Hosh, MH Jabal Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28, 101531 , 2021 2021 Citations: 52
Performance Assessment of the Heat Exchanger with and without a Coating of Hybrid Nanoparticles the User Cooling System in Solar Heating Systems. KF Sultan, MH Jabal, AA Jaddoa International Journal of Heat & Technology 39 (5) , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
Energetic and Exergetic Assessment of Spiral Heat Exchanger Using Mineral and Oxide Mineral Oil Nanofluid. KF Sultan, MH Jabal, AA Jaddoa International Journal of Heat & Technology 39 (2) , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
AS A POTENTIAL HYDRAULIC FLUID: CORN OIL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMINATION MH Jabal, AR Abdulmunem, HS Abd Journal of Thermal Engineering 7 (2), 215-221 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Energetic and Exergetic Assessment of Spiral Heat Exchanger Using Mineral and Oxide Mineral Oil Nanofluid Energetic and Exergetic Assessment of Spiral Heat Exchanger Using … AA Sultan, F. , Jabal, M.H. , Jaddoa International Journal of Heat and Technology 39 (2) , 2021 2021
Numerical investigation of mixture generation due to different inlet and outlet positions HS Abd, AR Abdulmunem, MH Jabal International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15 (2), 308-317 , 2020 2020
Determination the Position and Distance of a Ground Source of Random Vibration MZ Khalifa, MH Jabal 2020
Palm Olein with Jatropha Curcas Oil Blend as a Renewable Bio-Fluid MH Jabal, HS Abd, AA Gaddoa, IF Kadhim, S Samion, AS Shajar, ... 2020 Citations: 6
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Experimental investigation of tribological characteristics and emissions of non-edible sunflower oil as a bio-lubricant MH Jabal, AR Abdulmunem, HS Abd Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 69 (1), 109-118 , 2019 2019 Citations: 65
Tribological performance of refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein blends bio-lubricants M Hassan, FN Ani, S Syahrullail Journal of Oil Palm Research 28 (4), 510-519 , 2016 2016 Citations: 64
The tribological characteristic of the blends of Rbd palm olein with mineral oil using four-ball tribotester MH Jabal, FN Ani, S Syahrullail Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 69 (6) , 2014 2014 Citations: 64
Experimental investigation of modified solar still coupled with high-frequency ultrasonic vaporizer and phase change material capsules AH Abed, HA Hosh, MH Jabal Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28, 101531 , 2021 2021 Citations: 52
Analysis of energy and exergy for the flat plate solar air collector with longitudinal fins embedded in paraffin wax located in Baghdad center AR Abdulmunem 2019 Citations: 38
Experimental investigation of the neat rubber seed oil as a hydraulic fluid using four-ball tribotester MH Jabal, EO Hassoun, AR Abdulmunem, FN Ani Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 14 (5), 2670-2680 , 2019 2019 Citations: 23
Effect of Colored Filters on PV Panels Temperature and Performance under Baghdad Meteorological Condition AR Abdulmunem, AA Jadallah, HA Hoshi, MH Jabal 2018 Citations: 21
Tribological features of refined, deodorized, and bleached palm olein with mineral oil blend M Hassan, FN Ani, S Syahrullail Tribology Transactions 59 (4), 671-678 , 2016 2016 Citations: 21
THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER M Hassan, S Syahrullailb, FN Anib JURNAL TEKNOLOGI 78 (9-2), 33-38 , 2016 2016 Citations: 21
Investigation of tribological characteristics of castor oil with mineral oil blends A Hussain, SM Mehdi, A Ali, M Adeel, MH Jabal, FN Ani JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES 37 (1) , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
The Tribological Characteristics of Rubber Seed Oil With Mineral Oil Blends FNA Fattah, MAM Ariff, JM Hassan, AF Nasir Malaysian Journal Of Industrial Technology (MJIT) , 2017 2017 Citations: 19
PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF THE SUNFLOWER SEEDS OIL AS A HYDRAULIC BIO FLUID UNDER VARIOUS NORMAL LOADS MH Jabal, MZ Khlefia, IS Ahmed, HD Salman Jurnal Teknologi 82 (2) , 2020 2020 Citations: 17
Performance changes for window type air-conditioner unit chemically treated to work in an industrial petrochemical environment HI Ahmed, XM Hassan, CA Abdul Engineering & Technology Journal 29, 430-447 , 2011 2011 Citations: 16
The tribological characteristics of RBD palm olein with jatropha oil blend using four-ball tribotester with different normal loads M Hassan, FN Ani, S Syahrullail Applied Mechanics and Materials 819, 499-503 , 2016 2016 Citations: 15
Tribological features of refined, bleached and deodourised (RBD) palm olein blends with mineral oil MH Jabal, FN Ani, SSS Syahrullail Jurnal Mekanikal , 2015 2015 Citations: 10
Corn Oil Performance’s A Bio Cooling Fluid in Electric Distribution Transformer SJI Ahmed A. Khudhair , Mohammed H. Jabal Engineering and Technology Journal 40 (1), 20-30 , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF MUSTARD SEEDS OIL UNDER DIFFERENT LOADS USING PIN-ON-DISK TRIBOTESTER MH Jabal, MZ Khlefia, AR Abdulmunem THE IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 18 (4), 527-537 , 2018 2018 Citations: 8
AS A POTENTIAL HYDRAULIC FLUID: CORN OIL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMINATION MH Jabal, AR Abdulmunem, HS Abd Journal of Thermal Engineering 7 (2), 215-221 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Palm Olein with Jatropha Curcas Oil Blend as a Renewable Bio-Fluid MH Jabal, HS Abd, AA Gaddoa, IF Kadhim, S Samion, AS Shajar, ... 2020 Citations: 6
