Prabal Pratap Singh

@mnnit.ac.in

Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies
Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad

Prabal Pratap Singh


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https://researchid.co/mechaprabal

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Management Science and Operations Research, Information Systems and Management
7

Scopus Publications

30

Scholar Citations

4

Scholar h-index

1

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Terrorists’ affinity towards borders: an Indian perspective
    Prabal Pratap Singh, Deepu Philip, Manindra Agrawal
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2025
    Terrorism is a global threat in which perpetrators aim to maximize fear in society through devastating attacks. India’s peninsular geography and transnational borders create strategic terrorism challenges. We analyzed multiple hypotheses about the proximity of high-impact attacks (HIAs) from international and inter-state boundaries of Indian states, categorized into states with maritime and transnational geographies. The K-means suggested four classifications of attacks of interests’ (AOI) distances from international boundaries. The KS test on HIA’s shortest border distances demonstrated that underlying distributions vary between maritime and land-bordered states. We identified that HIA’s lethality is inversely proportional to their distance from borders. Most HIAs occurred within 68 kilometres of interstate borders. Maritime-bordered states reported a three times longer time between AOIs than land-bordered states. These insights regarding HIAs can help agencies to formulate better border security measures.
  • Insights into Terrorists’ Weapon Choices Using Caterpillar Diagram
    Prabal Pratap Singh, Deepu Philip
    Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 2025
  • Modelling & Analysis of High Impact Terrorist Attacks in India & Its Neighbors
    Prabal Pratap Singh, Deepu Philip
    ISPRS International Journal of Geo Information, 2023
    Terrorism perpetrated in any country by either internal or external actors jeopardizes the country’s security, economic growth, societal peace, and harmony. Hence, accurate modelling of terrorism has become a necessary component of the national security mission of most nations. This research extracted and analyzed high impact attacks (HIAs) perpetrated by terrorists in India and its neighboring countries since 1970 using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). We evaluated the extraction efficacy of the Global Terrorism Index Impact Score (GTI-IS) against the GTD measure “nkill” using the iterative outlier analysis (IOA) heuristic. The heuristic identified 6117 common HIAs using nkill or GTI-IS attributes. GTI-IS extracted 1718 exclusive HIAs that nkill missed, while nkill extracted 2233 exclusive HIAs. We further classified the extracted HIAs into lethal and non-lethal attacks. Next, we conducted a rigorous spatiotemporal exploratory analysis of countries that reported the most HIAs. Though Afghanistan, India, and Sri Lanka exhibited global spatial autocorrelation, Pakistan did not. Ripley’s G function suggested the recurrence of lethal attacks near other similar events. This analysis showed that lethal and non-lethal attacks in those countries follow different statistical distributions, which can aid in focused counterterrorism tactics.
  • An innovative color-coding scheme for terrorism threat advisory system
    Prabal Pratap Singh, Deepu Philip
    Methodological Innovations, 2023
    This research develops an innovative terror threat advisory system capable of visually communicating variations in the terrorism levels to policymakers or the public and forecasts future levels. Earlier attempts to create similar advisory systems by policymakers were either discontinued or lost their relevance due to a trust deficit in the system. We propose a novel approach for creating a color scheme and utilize it to develop an intuitive caterpillar diagram summarizing various stages of terrorism. It incorporates Global Terrorism Impact Scores for a nation or region using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Further, color transitions in the caterpillar diagram between consecutive periods mimic a Markovian process, thereby enabling us to develop the forecasting model. We successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed caterpillar diagram and forecasting model for India, Iraq, and their respective regions. The forecasting model suggests that the aggressive terrorism stage depicted by red color and transient stages of ascent (yellow) and descent (cyan) are the most probable in these nations and their regions. The proposed caterpillar diagram is an innovative visualization approach to identify terrorism patterns, from which a Markovian forecasting model is developed to aid policymakers. Our approach applies to any event-based database like GTD. Finally, the caterpillar diagram is a domain-independent framework that can visualize variations in any univariate data series, thereby assisting in system monitoring.
  • Profiling terrorist organizations capable of high impact attacks
    Prabal Pratap Singh, Deepu Philip, Ashutosh Khanna, Alok Kumar Singh
    Cogent Social Sciences, 2023
    Terrorist attacks aim to maximize human fatalities and related damages to instill fear within the community. Such attacks are considered High Impact Attacks (HIAs) and orchestrating them requires considerable organizational setup and resources. This study extends the implementation of the Iterative Outlier Analysis (IOA) heuristics developed earlier to each region reported in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). It reinforces and generalizes the finding that the “nkill” attribute resulted in richer sets of HIAs in regions where terrorism is prolific compared to the composite measure Global Terrorism Index—Impact Score (GTI-IS). HIA dataset of each region facilitates the identification and ranking of the Most Active Organizations (MAOs). Moreover, this study proposes a consistency and intensity code (CIC) to classify terrorist organizations capable of HIAs using four color categories. K-Means validate the number of clusters. The frequency of MAOs rank follows distinct probability distribution in each CIC category. Finally, this research identified the most virulent consistent and intense terrorist organizations (CITO) capable of perpetrating attacks in multiple regions. Regional counterterrorism policymakers can use such a classification method. A non-parametric hypothesis test confirmed that the contribution of ideologies varies significantly by region.
  • Extraction and Analysis of High Impact Attacks for Insights in Global Terrorism
    Prabal Pratap Singh, Deepu Philip
    Global Business Review, 2022
    Terrorism adversely impacts the investment decisions of multinational enterprises. This research proposes the iterative outlier analysis heuristic capable of utilizing a univariate attribute to extract high impact attacks (HIA) from a comprehensive and actively maintained global terrorism database (GTD). The two different univariate attributes used for HIA extraction were nkill (pure GTD univariate attribute) and global terrorism impact score (GTI-IS) (a derived composite attribute). Calendar year extraction of HIAs returns local point outliers, whereas taking whole dataset at once provides global point outliers. The nkill-based extraction resulted in 5 and 14 times more exclusive HIAs than GTI-IS in local and global point analysis, thereby establishing its superiority. Further, correspondence analysis using extracted HIAs demonstrated the affinity towards explosives in the Middle East & North Africa region, with Military and Business as preferred targets. Also, HIAs facilitated the geospatial visualization of terrorism hotbeds. Eliciting location-specific relationships from HIAs on weapon type and target type can assist in formulating better counterterrorism strategies. This study scrutinized the averaging out evaluation methodology of GTI ranking based on GTI-IS score. By equalizing terrorist attacks of distinct outcomes using an average score can induce bias among business decision-makers interested in a particular nation.
  • ITERATIVE OUTLIER ANALYSIS HEURISTIC TO STUDY HIGH IMPACT TERROR ATTACKS OF THE MENA REGION AND EUROPE
    PRABAL PRATAP SINGH, DEEPU PHILIP
    Wit Transactions on the Built Environment, 2021
    Terrorism perpetrated by both internal and external actors destabilizes the economy, hampers social harmony, and jeopardizes any nation's internal security. While various forms of terror attacks occur globally, most terrorist organizations focus on high impact attacks (HIA) that maximize human fatalities and associated damages to precipitate fear within the community. Realistic modeling of terrorism is essential to identify critical trends and patterns to devise appropriate countermeasures. global terrorism database (GTD) is the most comprehensive terrorism-related database available for research purposes. Comparing terrorist attacks require specific benchmarks. A specific attribute from the GTD (nkill) and a derived composite parameter from GTD (global terrorism index (GTI)) are compared to establish their efficacy in successfully segregating HIAs from other terrorist attacks. This research focuses on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and Europe. A sequential filtering heuristic based on local point outlier analysis utilizes both measures to extract HIAs of the MENA region. The proposed heuristic using nkill reports 1,055 unique HIAs in comparison with GTI and 522 vice versa. A simple geospatial analysis of these HIAs indicates the most fertile regions for terror organizations. Terrorism proliferation plots are developed to visually identify the migration timelines of major terrorist organizations that are capable of HIAs from the MENA region to Europe. The study concludes that virulent terrorist groups of the MENA region like Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Muslim Extremists (ME), etc. migrated to Europe successfully.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Terrorists’ affinity towards borders: an Indian perspective
    PP Singh, D Philip, M Agrawal
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12 (1), 1-11 , 2025
    2025
  • Geometric Characterization of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Morphology: A Cross-Sectional and Temporal Analysis using Differential Geometry
    P Mittal, PP Singh, J Chauhan
    bioRxiv, 2025.08. 09.669512 , 2025
    2025
  • Insights into Terrorists’ Weapon Choices Using Caterpillar Diagram
    PP Singh, D Philip
    International Conference on Leveraging Emerging Technologies and Analytics … , 2024
    2024
  • Profiling terrorist organizations capable of high impact attacks
    PP Singh, D Philip, A Khanna, A Kumar Singh
    Cogent Social Sciences 9 (2), 2270642 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 1
  • Modelling & Analysis of High Impact Terrorist Attacks in India & Its Neighbors
    PP Singh, D Philip
    ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12 (4), 162 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 5
  • An innovative color-coding scheme for terrorism threat advisory system
    PP Singh, D Philip
    Methodological Innovations 16 (1), 38-56 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 3
  • Extraction and Analysis of High Impact Attacks for Insights in Global Terrorism
    PP Singh, D Philip
    Global Business Review, 09721509221129038 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 5
  • SUTRA: a novel approach to modelling pandemics with applications to Covid-19
    M Agrawal, M Kanitkar, D Phillip, T Hajra, A Singh, A Singh, PP Singh, ...
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.09158 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 11
  • Iterative outlier analysis heuristic to study high impact terror attacks of the Mena region and Europe
    PP Singh, D Philip
    Saf. Secur. Eng. IX 206, 93-103 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 5
  • Feature Extraction from a STEP AP203 file for a CAPP system
    P Pratap Singh, M Pandey, S Agrawal
    6th International & 27th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and … , 2016
    2016
  • Optimum Selection of Cutting Tools using Artificial Neural Network in Computer Aided Process Planning
    MK Pandey, S Agrawal, P Pratap Singh
    6th International & 27th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and … , 2016
    2016
  • Feature Extraction from a STEP AP214 file using Python for a CAPP system
    P Pratap Singh, M Pandey, S Agrawal
    International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering … , 2016
    2016

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • SUTRA: a novel approach to modelling pandemics with applications to Covid-19
    M Agrawal, M Kanitkar, D Phillip, T Hajra, A Singh, A Singh, PP Singh, ...
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.09158 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 11
  • Modelling & Analysis of High Impact Terrorist Attacks in India & Its Neighbors
    PP Singh, D Philip
    ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12 (4), 162 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 5
  • Extraction and Analysis of High Impact Attacks for Insights in Global Terrorism
    PP Singh, D Philip
    Global Business Review, 09721509221129038 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 5
  • Iterative outlier analysis heuristic to study high impact terror attacks of the Mena region and Europe
    PP Singh, D Philip
    Saf. Secur. Eng. IX 206, 93-103 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 5
  • An innovative color-coding scheme for terrorism threat advisory system
    PP Singh, D Philip
    Methodological Innovations 16 (1), 38-56 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 3
  • Profiling terrorist organizations capable of high impact attacks
    PP Singh, D Philip, A Khanna, A Kumar Singh
    Cogent Social Sciences 9 (2), 2270642 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 1
  • Terrorists’ affinity towards borders: an Indian perspective
    PP Singh, D Philip, M Agrawal
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12 (1), 1-11 , 2025
    2025
  • Geometric Characterization of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Morphology: A Cross-Sectional and Temporal Analysis using Differential Geometry
    P Mittal, PP Singh, J Chauhan
    bioRxiv, 2025.08. 09.669512 , 2025
    2025
  • Insights into Terrorists’ Weapon Choices Using Caterpillar Diagram
    PP Singh, D Philip
    International Conference on Leveraging Emerging Technologies and Analytics … , 2024
    2024
  • Feature Extraction from a STEP AP203 file for a CAPP system
    P Pratap Singh, M Pandey, S Agrawal
    6th International & 27th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and … , 2016
    2016
  • Optimum Selection of Cutting Tools using Artificial Neural Network in Computer Aided Process Planning
    MK Pandey, S Agrawal, P Pratap Singh
    6th International & 27th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and … , 2016
    2016
  • Feature Extraction from a STEP AP214 file using Python for a CAPP system
    P Pratap Singh, M Pandey, S Agrawal
    International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mechanical Engineering … , 2016
    2016