Martynova Marina Dmitrievna

@mrsu.ru

Institute of History and Sociology, Department of Philosophy
Ogarev Mordovia State University

Martynova Marina Dmitrievna


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https://researchid.co/martynovamd

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Philosophy, Education, Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences
6

Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics: Anthropocentric Approach
    Ekaterina Koval, Natalya Zhadunova, Marina Martynova
    Proceedings 2025 IEEE Ural Siberian Conference on Biomedical Engineering Radioelectronics and Information Technology Usbereit 2025, 2025
    This article focuses on analyzing the specifics of the anthropocentric approach to artificial intelligence (AI) ethics. This approach enables the classification of AI-interacting agents—developers, operators, and users—while also addressing the broader question of AI ethics' place within contemporary ethical discourse. AI developers are professionals who specialize in the design, training, maintenance, and other activities related to the creation and fine-tuning of AI systems. Operators use AI to solve professional problems unrelated to AI development. Users interact with AI to solve everyday, nonprofessional problems. For AI developers and operators, moral issues are regulated by the norms of professional ethics, while for AI users they are governed by the principles and norms of applied ethics. Within the framework of professional ethics, a professional community establishes norms for itself based on reflection on the moral dilemmas that arise in professional practice. In applied ethics, educational mechanisms and the practice of small deeds are more relevant than norm creation.
  • Teenagers’ Digital Security: Sociological Analysis
    Sergey G. Ushkin, Ekaterina A. Koval, Marina D. Martynova
    Integration of Education, 2025
    Introduction. The growing amount of personal data posted by users about themselves and other people on social media platforms, the intensification of user-generated content collection for machine learning determines the relevance of the research. The impact of new digital tools on users’ online safety strategies needs to be scrutinized. The focus of the work is on adolescents, who represent one of the most risky groups. The aim of the study is to determine teenagers’ perceptions of concerns related to their personal data and to compare them in two different Russian regions.Materials and Methods. The empirical base is represented by the data of a sociological study conducted in 2023–2024 by online survey among schoolchildren of grades 8–11 in two Russian regions – the Republic of Mordovia and the Donetsk People’s Republic. The sample is quota-based, representing each of the regions separately.Results. Nearly half of respondents have some concerns about the collection of personal data. Most of them have negative attitudes towards their data and content being exposed to large datasets and used for machine learning. Teenagers fear that their data will be used for criminal purposes as well as financial loss. They believe that the surest way to ensure digital security is not to share their personal data unless it is necessary.Discussion and Conclusion. The materials of the article can be used to develop educational programs and practical recommendations aimed at improving digital literacy and formation of conscious practices of personal data protection among teenagers. This is especially important in the current conditions of hybrid warfare and the spread of fraudulent activities in virtual space.
  • Transformation of Moral Norms and Values in the Big Data Era
    Ekaterina А. Koval, Marina D. Martynova
    Ethical Thought, 2024
    Big data is an information technology that is based on the rapid accumulation of huge vo­lumes of diverse data. Analysis of this data makes it possible to identify complex patterns of human and social activity, obtain new information products and services, monitor social changes and manage them. This information technology is embedded in social systems and has a significant impact on social norms and practices. This requires ethical and philosophi­cal reflection on the transformation of not only practices, but also the explanatory ability of basic moral theories. Big data ethics is a new field of applied ethics focused on address­ing such issues. This article examines the impact of big data on universalizable moral princi­ples and values, the content of which is substantiated within the framework of such groups of ethical theories or normative ethical programs as deontology, consequentialism, contrac­tarianism and perfectionism. In the context of deontological theories in the big data era, the moral autonomy of the individual is problematized. In consequentialism, the problem of the relationship between personal and common good is exacerbated, as well as the defini­tion of a moral minimum, beyond which values and beliefs cannot be abandoned under any circumstances. Contractarianism is not always able to explain the operation of the maximin principle, the distribution of inequalities and the new imbalance of power in the conditions of the continuous accumulation of big data. The challenge to perfectionist ethical theories from big data lies in the difficulty of encoding virtues and the dubious benefit of hyper-nudging towards the good for the moral improvement of individuals, who are overly trusting in delegating to technological tools the right to make decisions in situations of moral choice.
  • Strategies of Professional and Educational Choice among Technical University Applicants
    Raisa M. Petruneva, Nadezhda A. Ovchar, Marina D. Martynova
    Integration of Education, 2024
    Introduction. There is an acute shortage of labor resources in the modern labor market, especially with engineering qualifications. A significant part of university students do not reach the stage of obtaining a diploma. Efficient spending of federal budget funds for training of high-class technical specialists becomes extremely necessary. The purpose of this study is to identify the main strategies of choosing a university among first-year students participating in the “Priority-2030ˮ program. Materials and Methods. The goals and objectives of this descriptive study suggest obtaining a more complete understanding of professional and educational applicants’ strategies when choosing technical universities. The questionnaire method implemented in the form of an online survey was used as the main method of collecting primary empirical data. The survey was conducted in May 2023 (n = 1,888). Results. The main motives and factors influencing the professional and educational strategy of choosing a higher educational institution are determined: the characteristics of the university (its type and academic authority, position in university rankings, its transport accessibility and the availability of dormitories); prospects for further employment in the speciality received; the financial capabilities of the applicantʼs family, the main trajectories of admission to the university. The most relevant aspects of the attractiveness of the university for applicants are formulated. Discussion and Conclusion. The authorʼs conclusions contribute to the development of scientific approaches to the study of trends in the development of higher education, the theory and practice of organizing the educational process in educational organizations, the problems of professional self-determination and career guidance, methods of supporting studentsʼ professional choice. The materials of the article can be useful to Russian universities in developing an effective system of career guidance.
  • From Philosophy of the Act to New Ethics: History of the Saransk Ethical Center Formation (Materials of the Round Table Discussion)
    Natalia V. Zhadunova, , Ekaterina A. Koval, Marina D. Martynova, Anatoly P. Skripnik, Andrey A. Sychev, , , , and
    Ethical Thought, 2023
    The paper tells about the history of the development of ethical education and research in the field of ethics in Saransk on the basis of the Department of Ethics (Ogarev Mordovia State University). The organizer of the ethical center and the founder of the scientific school in the field of moral philosophy in the second half of the 1970s was R.I. Alexandrova. Thanks to her energy and enthusiasm, the Department of Ethics became a place of attraction for students, graduate students, teachers who were interested in moral problems. For repre­sentatives of the center, the fundamental theoretical basis for research was the philosophy of act, which goes back to the Bakhtin’s ideas. The main subject of the study – the moral foundations of an environmentally significant act – was determined by Alexandrova’s works devoted to the relationship between morality and nature. Traditions, atmosphere, problems of the Saransk Ethical Center developed not only in the process of teaching and at the offi­cial events of the department, but also in the course of the work of an informal philosophi­cal society, the most prominent participants of which were O.V. Breikin, V.A. Pisachkin, A.P. Skripnik, A.V. Smolyanov and others. At this time, the problems of environmental ethics, moral ideal, moral evil are being developed. The formation of the next generation of representatives of the center in the 2000s (M.D. Martynova, A.A. Sychev, N.V. Zhadunova, E.A. Koval, etc.) was greatly influenced by ethical schools, which were held under the guid­ance of R.G. Apresyan. They made it possible to establish contacts between ethical centers and form a single community of ethics researchers from Russia and neighboring countries. The basic direction of the center’s work during this period remains environmental ethics, but the space for research is gradually expanding due to new and relevant topics for modern so­ciety. There is a steady trend towards interdisciplinary research. Modern studies of the Sa­ransk Ethical Center, on the one hand, continue and develop the traditions of the scientific school, established back in the 70s of the last century (environmental ethics, philosophy of the act), but, on the other hand, are aimed at solving dilemmas that arise in connection with the accelerating development of science and technology and social changes. At the mo­ment, the focus of research is the ethics of big data and the “new ethics”.
  • Informed consent in the big data age: The need for normative updates
    Ekaterina A. Koval, , Marina D. Martynova, Natalya V. Zhadunova, , and
    Ethical Thought, 2020
    Big data is changing the usual practices of obtaining informed consent. Traditional informed consent models stop working because they don’t take into account the speed, volume, and variety of collected and processed data. In the traditional model it is extremely difficult to identify all possible uses for the information received from users, and obtaining secondary consent is difficult or simply impossible in a situation where data is depersonalized. As a re­sult, a person signing an informed consent gets into the situation described by J. Heller in the novel «Catch-22»: absurd rules aimed at taking care of the individual lead to the op­posite results. To avoid falling into catch-22, it is necessary to create new models of in­formed consent (the model of broad (full) consent, the model of dynamic consent, the mar­ket model, the model of postponed consent, the model of meta consent, the model of multi-level consent, the democratic model of consent), which can more effectively protect per­sonal autonomy, confidentiality, privacy and serve as a guarantor of trust in the subjects of collecting, processing, and using big data. Although the new models of informed consent are not without drawbacks, a complete rejection of this procedure entails a violation of the pre­cautionary principle and increases the likelihood of harm to the data subject. At the same time, following the precautionary principle should take into account the relationship be­tween the individual and the General good and not hinder the development of different spheres of public life in the condition of big data accumulation. The creation of rules governing the receipt of informed consent and the use of data should be based on an analysis of existing practices and take into account a measure of openness and trust, which are determined by both personal and socio-cultural characteristics.