Experimental Evaluation of a Graphite/MXene-Based Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Management in 3S3P Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Rajesh Nasinathan, Arulmurugan Gnanasekaran, Marimuthu Rengasamy, Ragunath Lakshmanan, Kamatchi Rajaram Energy Technology, 2026 Proper temperature management plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and long‐term performance of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) systems, particularly under high discharge rates where excessive heat is generated. Inadequate thermal regulation can lead to faster degradation, inconsistent performance, and safety risks. This study introduces a novel thermally stable composite phase change material (TS‐CPCM) aimed at improving the heat management of a 3S3P LIB pack. The TS‐CPCM is formulated using lauric acid as the phase change medium, integrated with graphite powder, MXene nanosheets and encapsulated in melamine formaldehyde resin to improve thermal conductivity, stability, and prevent leakage. Five formulations are developed and analysed for their thermal conductivity, phase transition behaviour, and stability. Among them, TS‐CPCM 5 exhibited the best performance with a high decomposition temperature of 280°C, thermal conductivity of 0.754 W/m K and strong shape stability. When applied to a 3S3P battery pack, reduced the maximum temperature ( T max ) to 49.33°C and minimized temperature difference (Δ T max ) to 3.91°C at 3C discharge rate, representing reduction of 12.79°C and 1.81°C, respectively, compared to natural air cooling. These results confirm TS‐CPCM 5 effectively enhances battery thermal management and performance under high stress conditions.
Multi-Functional hBN/ZrO2/CaO – PVDF-HFP Composite Films for Enhanced Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Piezocatalytic Dye Degradation Ragunath Lakshmanan, Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy, C. Joelin, T. Raguram, S. Agalya, S. Rajesh, Arulmurugan Gnanasekaran, Marimuthu Rengasamy, Rajesh Nasinathan, Kamatchi Rajaram Advanced Materials Technologies, 2026 Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is the sustainable cooling solution for climate change mitigation and heat island effects. Present work focuses on developing flexible fiber network to reflect the sunlight and emit infrared energy to reduce cooling loads on roofs. Here, inorganic high bandgap fillers namely, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and calcium oxide (CaO) is mixed with dielectric polymer PVDF‐HFP to fabricate single pigment radiative cooling film (SPRC) and multi pigment radiative cooling (MPRC) films by electrospinning method. Developed films with a unique micro/nano porous and cross‐linked structure reflect ≈ 90% of sunlight in solar window (0.2–2.5 µm) and emits 98% of heat in thermal window of atmosphere (2.5–20 µm). During peak solar irradiance, MPRC3 maintains just 1 °C above the ambient temperature (35 °C) and produced maximum cooling power of ≈ 45 Wm−2 than other developed films. Further, the ability of dye degradation is examined using piezocatalytic effect and hence, ZrO2 mixed SPRC and MPRC films is investigated experimentally. The MPRC4 film has achieve a degradation of 83% owing to improve dielectric properties. Hence, these films are suggested, ideal candidates for building cooling and dye degradation.
Implementation and analysis of clean energy Arulmurugan Gnanasekaran, Marimuthu Rengasamy, Ragunath Lakshmanan, Rajesh Nasinathan, Kamatchi Rajaram Green Manufacturing Challenges and Applications, 2025 This chapter explores the adoption of solar rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in Asian countries as a sustainable energy solution to mitigate carbon emissions and reduce dependency on conventional fossil fuels. It highlights the significant potential of solar energy due to high solar radiation in the region and examines the policies and initiatives implemented by governments in India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to promote rooftop PV systems. The analysis underscores the role of these systems in achieving energy efficiency, grid resilience, and environmental sustainability. By integrating solar rooftop PV systems with existing energy frameworks, these nations have made notable strides in reducing CO₂ emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources. Additionally, this chapter aligns these efforts with global commitments such as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), projecting a dramatic increase in solar adoption by 2050 to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C.
Perovskite structured LaCoO3 photothermal material decorated nanocellulose aerogel for efficient interfacial solar steam generation Arulmurugan Gnanasekaran, Joyel Paul, Marimuthu Rengasamy, R Prakash, Ragunath Lakshmanan, Rajesh Nasinathan, Sandeep S Ahankari, Kamatchi Rajaram Results in Engineering, 2025 • The bilayer structure is designed by CNF aerogel coated with LaCoO 3 . • AG-LCO evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 1.904 kg m -2 h⁻¹ under 1 kW m - ². • AG- LCO evaporator exhibits the excellent stability and reusability. Interfacial solar steam generation offers an innovative solution to address freshwater scarcity. However, constructing a durable, cost-effective and efficient solar evaporator with high salt resistance still remains a challenge. In this study, aerogel is fabricated by lyophilization of the hydrogels, made of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (ECH). The top surface of the aerogel is then coated with multifunctional perovskite photothermal material to form three-dimensional bilayer aerogel evaporator. Here, perovskite structured sodium tantalum oxide (NTO) and lanthanum cobaltite (LCO) are used as photothermal material. From the experimentation, aerogel coated with LCO (AG- LCO) evaporator achieves a high evaporation rate of 1.904 kg m -2 h⁻¹ under 1 kW m - ² light intensity due to the impressive optical properties and narrow bandgap of LCO in addition to rapid diffusion of water and capillary action. AG- LCO evaporator has the ability to remove salt from higher concentration solution (26 wt% NaCl solution) with the evaporation rate of 1.473 kg m −2 h −1 and reduce the concentration of ions in seawater. Further, this evaporator has the ability to remove dye molecule from aqueous solution of methylene blue and sulphone black. The outcome of the evaporator offers the potential for the practical application of dye removal, waste water treatment and seawater desalination.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Performance of Co₃O₄-Coated Bentonite Clay Based Interfacial Solar Evaporators: A sustainable solution for desalination M Rengasamy, A Gnanasekaran, A Prasannan, SJ Shih, K Rajaram Results in Engineering, 110525 , 2026 2026.0
Experimental Evaluation of a Graphite/MXene‐Based Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Management in 3S3P Lithium‐Ion Battery Pack R Nasinathan, A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, R Lakshmanan, ... Energy Technology 14 (2), e202501920 , 2026 2026.0
Multi‐Functional hBN/ZrO 2 /CaO – PVDF‐HFP Composite Films for Enhanced Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Piezocatalytic Dye Degradation R Lakshmanan, N Eswaramoorthy, C Joelin, T Raguram, S Agalya, ... Advanced Materials Technologies 11 (2), e01298 , 2026 2026.0 Citations: 1
Recent advances and insights into carbon-based materials synergistically enhancing MXene for supercapacitor, battery, solar cell, and electrocatalytic applications AC Mendhe, M Rengasamy, H Pradeep, T Bhoyar, K Chandirasekar, ... Coordination Chemistry Reviews 550 (1 March 2026), 217400 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 9
Cotton fabric wrapped 3D printed flat and triangle shaped sustainable solar evaporators for enhanced vapour generation and dye water separation M Rengasamy, A Gnanasekaran, BS Hariprasad, SG Babu, ... Separation and Purification Technology 366, 132703 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 4
A review on recent developments in natural convective solar dryer for agricultural products: Methods, collector design, influencing factors, performance and challenges R Prakash, A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, K Rajaram Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 215, 115613 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 20
Enhanced interfacial solar steam generation with CuO-decorated wood evaporator at indoor condition: A sustainable approach to desalination A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, N Eswaramoorthy, R Lakshmanan, ... Materials Letters 384, 138065 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 3
Perovskite structured LaCoO3 photothermal material decorated nanocellulose aerogel for efficient interfacial solar steam generation A Gnanasekaran, J Paul, M Rengasamy, R Prakash, R Lakshmanan, ... Results in Engineering 25, 104373 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 12
Augmenting interfacial solar steam generation using 3D-printed hollow honeycomb structured pattern filled with rGO decorated natural fibres M Rengasamy, K Rajaram Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 702, 135153 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 11
Combined effect of grooves and nanoflower structured Co 3 O 4 coating on bamboo wood for highly efficient solar steam generation at indoor and outdoor conditions M Rengasamy, A Gnanasekaran, N Eswaramoorthy, I Basker, K Rajaram Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31 (41), 54003-54019 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 6
Optimization of 3D-printed solar evaporators for enhanced interfacial solar steam generation and beyond: Investigating surface modifications and nanocomposite coatings M Rengasamy, N Eswaramoorthy, A Gnanasekaran, S MS, K Rajaram Materials Today Sustainability 26, 100816 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 17
Solar interfacial evaporator based freshwater generator AGMR Kamatchi R IN Patent 417925-001 , 2024 2024.0
Influence of ZnO/MWCNTs based hybrid electrodes for boosting the performance of photovoltaic and supercapacitor devices N Eswaramoorthy, S Rajendran, BA Kumar, S Nallusamy, M Rengasamy, ... Materials Chemistry and Physics 316, 129049 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 49
Enhancing interfacial solar steam generation using hybrid (Co3O4/perovskite structured NaTaO3) nanomaterials coated on cotton cloth with sawdust composite evaporator M Rengasamy, K Rajaram Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 684, 133086 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 16
Ni-Co co-doped SnO2 nanomaterial coated polyurethane foam as a cost-efficient interfacial evaporator for solar steam generation A Gnanasekaran, N Eswaramoorthy, M Rengasamy, V Elangovan, ... Materials Letters 357, 135688 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 13
Waste sawdust-based composite as an interfacial evaporator for efficient solar steam generation M Rengasamy, K Rajaram RSC advances 13 (8), 5173-5184 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 13
Thermophysical properties and contact angle of ethylene glycol/2D graphitic carbon nitride nanofluids with different metal substrates for solar applications A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, N Eswaramoorthy, K Rajaram Journal of Molecular Liquids 369, 120838 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 6
Implementation and analysis of clean energy A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, R Lakshmanan, R Nasinathan, ... Green Manufacturing, 82-100 , 0
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Influence of ZnO/MWCNTs based hybrid electrodes for boosting the performance of photovoltaic and supercapacitor devices N Eswaramoorthy, S Rajendran, BA Kumar, S Nallusamy, M Rengasamy, ... Materials Chemistry and Physics 316, 129049 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 49
A review on recent developments in natural convective solar dryer for agricultural products: Methods, collector design, influencing factors, performance and challenges R Prakash, A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, K Rajaram Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 215, 115613 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 20
Optimization of 3D-printed solar evaporators for enhanced interfacial solar steam generation and beyond: Investigating surface modifications and nanocomposite coatings M Rengasamy, N Eswaramoorthy, A Gnanasekaran, S MS, K Rajaram Materials Today Sustainability 26, 100816 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 17
Enhancing interfacial solar steam generation using hybrid (Co3O4/perovskite structured NaTaO3) nanomaterials coated on cotton cloth with sawdust composite evaporator M Rengasamy, K Rajaram Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 684, 133086 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 16
Ni-Co co-doped SnO2 nanomaterial coated polyurethane foam as a cost-efficient interfacial evaporator for solar steam generation A Gnanasekaran, N Eswaramoorthy, M Rengasamy, V Elangovan, ... Materials Letters 357, 135688 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 13
Waste sawdust-based composite as an interfacial evaporator for efficient solar steam generation M Rengasamy, K Rajaram RSC advances 13 (8), 5173-5184 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 13
Perovskite structured LaCoO3 photothermal material decorated nanocellulose aerogel for efficient interfacial solar steam generation A Gnanasekaran, J Paul, M Rengasamy, R Prakash, R Lakshmanan, ... Results in Engineering 25, 104373 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 12
Augmenting interfacial solar steam generation using 3D-printed hollow honeycomb structured pattern filled with rGO decorated natural fibres M Rengasamy, K Rajaram Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 702, 135153 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 11
Recent advances and insights into carbon-based materials synergistically enhancing MXene for supercapacitor, battery, solar cell, and electrocatalytic applications AC Mendhe, M Rengasamy, H Pradeep, T Bhoyar, K Chandirasekar, ... Coordination Chemistry Reviews 550 (1 March 2026), 217400 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 9
Combined effect of grooves and nanoflower structured Co 3 O 4 coating on bamboo wood for highly efficient solar steam generation at indoor and outdoor conditions M Rengasamy, A Gnanasekaran, N Eswaramoorthy, I Basker, K Rajaram Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31 (41), 54003-54019 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 6
Thermophysical properties and contact angle of ethylene glycol/2D graphitic carbon nitride nanofluids with different metal substrates for solar applications A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, N Eswaramoorthy, K Rajaram Journal of Molecular Liquids 369, 120838 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 6
Cotton fabric wrapped 3D printed flat and triangle shaped sustainable solar evaporators for enhanced vapour generation and dye water separation M Rengasamy, A Gnanasekaran, BS Hariprasad, SG Babu, ... Separation and Purification Technology 366, 132703 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 4
Enhanced interfacial solar steam generation with CuO-decorated wood evaporator at indoor condition: A sustainable approach to desalination A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, N Eswaramoorthy, R Lakshmanan, ... Materials Letters 384, 138065 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 3
Multi‐Functional hBN/ZrO 2 /CaO – PVDF‐HFP Composite Films for Enhanced Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Piezocatalytic Dye Degradation R Lakshmanan, N Eswaramoorthy, C Joelin, T Raguram, S Agalya, ... Advanced Materials Technologies 11 (2), e01298 , 2026 2026.0 Citations: 1
Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Performance of Co₃O₄-Coated Bentonite Clay Based Interfacial Solar Evaporators: A sustainable solution for desalination M Rengasamy, A Gnanasekaran, A Prasannan, SJ Shih, K Rajaram Results in Engineering, 110525 , 2026 2026.0
Experimental Evaluation of a Graphite/MXene‐Based Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Management in 3S3P Lithium‐Ion Battery Pack R Nasinathan, A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, R Lakshmanan, ... Energy Technology 14 (2), e202501920 , 2026 2026.0
Solar interfacial evaporator based freshwater generator AGMR Kamatchi R IN Patent 417925-001 , 2024 2024.0
Implementation and analysis of clean energy A Gnanasekaran, M Rengasamy, R Lakshmanan, R Nasinathan, ... Green Manufacturing, 82-100 , 0
RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)
1. IND Design Patent: Solar interfacial evaporator-based freshwater generator - Grant number: 417925-001 & Grant date: 24/05/2024.
2. IND Design Patent: Portable Indoor Solar Simulator for Energy Harvesting Applications - Grant number: 490099-001 & published.
3. IND Design Patent: Integrated Solar–Thermal Steam Generator for Sustainable Fresh Water Production - Grant number: 494839-001 & filed.
INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
Quality Inspector (May 2021 – Dec 2021) at Unitech Plasto Component pvt, Sriperumbudur, Chennai – 602105, Tamilnadu, India.
