Factors Associated with Hypercementosis: A Cone Beam Tomography Study of Local Dental Conditions MV. Martiren, JM. Llaguno-Rubio, GA. Fiori-Chincaro, LE. Arriola-Guillén World Journal of Hepatology, 2026 Background: To evaluate the morphological characteristics of hypercementosis and its association with local factors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a population from Uruguay. Material and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed CBCT scans from 1,830 patients aged 25 and older. The study recorded the presence and type of hypercementosis (diffuse, focal, maggot-shaped), the types of teeth affected, and associated local factors, including the absence of an antagonist, dental impaction, occlusal trauma, periodontal disease, periapical processes, and endodontic or orthodontic treatments, among others. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and multiple linear regression, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Hypercementosis was observed in 19% of the patients, affecting 595 teeth, primarily upper molars (48.6%) and lower molars (23.6%). The diffuse type was the most prevalent, accounting for 93.3% of cases. The absence of an antagonist tooth was identified as the most common local factor (24.71%), followed by dental impaction (21.01%) and idiopathic cases (13.28%). A significant association was found between the type of hypercementosis and the affected teeth (p < 0.001), as well as between local factors and morphological presentation (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that male sex was a protective factor for fewer affected teeth (p = 0.010), whereas age had no significant effect (p = 0.273). Conclusions: The absence of an antagonist tooth was the primary local factor associated with hypercementosis, with the diffuse form predominating across all dental groups. Male sex appears to be a protective factor concerning the number of affected teeth, while age showed no significant association. These findings underscore the importance of considering functional and local factors in diagnosing and planning endodontic, orthodontic, and surgical treatments for patients with hypercementosis.
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE AUTHORSHIP OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES IN DENTISTRY: ETHICAL APPROACHES FOR RESPONSIBLE USE Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén Revista Cientifica Odontologica, 2026 A central challenge in contemporary dentistry is determining how to ethically and responsibly integrate artificial intelligence tools, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Google Gemini, into scientific article writing, review, and development, while ensuring that these technologies do not compromise researchers’ originality or fundamental responsibilities (1-4). The coming years will be critical for establishing clear boundaries. Although AI tools can support specific aspects of research, they should not be used to generate research ideas or to author scientific articles. These issues require us to clarify the distinct roles of researchers and establish effective strategies to safeguard the originality of our studies.
The most influential cephalometric factors affecting variations in the nasolabial angle: A cross-sectional regression study AA. Díaz-Quevedo, LE. Arriola-Guillén Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2026 Background: This study aims to evaluate the most influential cephalometric values affecting variations in the nasolabial angle among a sample of Peruvian individuals. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 111 lateral head radiographs from individuals aged 15 to 40 years for cephalometric evaluation. Two trained and calibrated researchers measured various cephalometric parameters, including the nasolabial angle, maxillary central incisor inclination (I-NA, UIPP), maxillary position (SNA, SNB, ANB), upper lip thickness (ULT), palatal plane (PP), and occlusal plane (OP) using specialized measurement software. Variables related to affiliation were also assessed. Shapiro-Wilk test and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with significance at p < 0.05. Results: Age has a significant effect on the nasolabial angle (p = 0.017), with the angle increasing by 0.45° for each year of age. The position of the upper incisor (I-NA) also plays a significant role (p = 0.006); specifically, for every millimeter that the upper incisor moves forward, the nasolabial angle decreases by 1.94°. Additionally, the inclination of the upper incisor (UIPP) significantly influences the angle as well (p = 0.040), resulting in a decrease of 0.43° in the angle for every 1° increase in inclination. Furthermore, upper lip thickness (ULT) has a significant impact on the nasolabial angle (p = 0.002); with every millimeter increase in labial thickness, the nasolabial angle decreases by 1.57°. Conclusions: The nasolabial angle is primarily influenced by age, the position and inclination of the upper incisor, and the thickness of the upper lip. Orthodontists should consider this information when planning their treatments.
Factors Associated with Hypercementosis: A Cone Beam Tomography Study of Local Dental Conditions MV. Martiren, JM. Llaguno-Rubio, GA. Fiori-Chincaro, LE. Arriola-Guillén Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2026 Background: To evaluate the morphological characteristics of hypercementosis and its association with local factors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a population from Uruguay. Material and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed CBCT scans from 1,830 patients aged 25 and older. The study recorded the presence and type of hypercementosis (diffuse, focal, maggot-shaped), the types of teeth affected, and associated local factors, including the absence of an antagonist, dental impaction, occlusal trauma, periodontal disease, periapical processes, and endodontic or orthodontic treatments, among others. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and multiple linear regression, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Hypercementosis was observed in 19% of the patients, affecting 595 teeth, primarily upper molars (48.6%) and lower molars (23.6%). The diffuse type was the most prevalent, accounting for 93.3% of cases. The absence of an antagonist tooth was identified as the most common local factor (24.71%), followed by dental impaction (21.01%) and idiopathic cases (13.28%). A significant association was found between the type of hypercementosis and the affected teeth (p < 0.001), as well as between local factors and morphological presentation (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that male sex was a protective factor for fewer affected teeth (p = 0.010), whereas age had no significant effect (p = 0.273). Conclusions: The absence of an antagonist tooth was the primary local factor associated with hypercementosis, with the diffuse form predominating across all dental groups. Male sex appears to be a protective factor concerning the number of affected teeth, while age showed no significant association. These findings underscore the importance of considering functional and local factors in diagnosing and planning endodontic, orthodontic, and surgical treatments for patients with hypercementosis.
Vertebral Cervical Fusion in Individuals with and without Open Bite: A Comparative Matched Study L. Angeles-Estrella, JM. Llaguno-Rubio, GA. Fiori-Chincaro, LE. Arriola-Guillén Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2026 Background: This study aims to evaluate the presence of cervical vertebral fusion in individuals with an open bite compared to those without, matched by skeletal relationship, age, and sex. Material and Methods: This matched-comparative study analyzed 234 lateral head radiographs, dividing the subjects into two groups. The open-bite group consisted of 117 patients (69 women and 48 men; average age 24.05 ± 12.5 years), while the control group included an equal number of individuals with a similar gender ratio (average age 23.79 ± 11.95 years). Both groups were matched based on their skeletal relationship, specifically the ANB angle. A trained and calibrated radiologist conducted a visual assessment of the cervical spine using lateral cephalometric radiographs for each subject. The study evaluated the presence of simple fusion and block fusion. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression (p < 0.05). Results: The incidence of simple fusion was higher in the control group (35%) compared to the open-bite group (26.5%). A small number of cases (2.6%) of block fusion were found only in the anterior open-bite group. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.096). Additionally, no significant influences were identified regarding sex, age, group, or ANB angle (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There were no differences in the overall prevalence of cervical fusions between individuals with anterior open bite and those without. However, the finding that block fusions occurred exclusively in the open-bite group underscores the importance of evaluating the cervical spine, as it may affect the individual's head position.
Root morphometry of the lateral incisor as a contributing factor to the impaction of maxillary canines: A comparative study CM. Castillo-Alcoser, LE. Arriola-Guillén, ME. Vaca-Zapata, MS. Peñaherrera-Manosalvas, YA. Rodríguez-Cárdenas Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2026 Background: This study aimed to evaluate root morphometry of the lateral incisor using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as an etiological factor in the occurrence of impacted maxillary canines (IMC). Material and Methods: A total of 99 CBCT scans from individuals of both sexes were analyzed, revealing 139 impacted maxillary canines, categorized as buccal, palatal, and bicortical, across sagittal and coronal sections of the adjacent incisors (AI). Thus, 59 contralateral incisors from the non-impacted side in unilateral cases were examined. The study evaluated several parameters: sagittal root length of the lateral incisor (SRLI), coronal root length of the lateral incisor (CRLI), sagittal root dilaceration angle (SRD), coronal root dilaceration angle (CRD), sagittal root convergence angle (SRC), and coronal root convergence angle (CRC). In total, 198 lateral incisor roots were assessed. The statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, Student's t-tests, and Tukey's tests, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results: The study found that cases of canine impaction were more prevalent in females, with the majority being unilateral (47.5%) and located in a palatal position. Bilateral cases were predominantly buccal (52.5%) (p=0.001). Root dimensions on the impacted side were significantly smaller in the sagittal section (14.75 mm) compared to the non-impacted side (15.67 mm) (p=0.001). In the coronal section, measurements were also smaller on the impacted side (mean difference of 0.57 mm), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.082). The root lengths in both coronal and sagittal sections were shortest in the bicortical group (12.67 mm and 12.95 mm, respectively) compared to the palatal (15.34 mm coronal / 15.62 mm sagittal) and buccal (14.89 mm coronal / 15.54 mm sagittal) groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Individuals with impacted maxillary canines (IMC) exhibit shorter root lengths of the adjacent lateral incisor compared to the non-impacted side, with bicortical IMC cases showing the shortest lengths, approximately 2 mm shorter than other types of impactions. Orthodontists should consider this condition when planning treatments involving IMC.
Frontal Sinus Dimensions and Maxillary and Mandibular Lengths in Individuals from Peru and Brazil: A Correlation Study Javier Stephano Aguilar-Trujillo, Diego Alejandro Salazar-Granda, Vinícius Dutra, Heraldo Luís Dias da Silveira, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén Pesquisa Brasileira Em Odontopediatria E Clinica Integrada, 2026 ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the correlation of frontal sinus dimensions with maxillary and mandibular lengths in lateral head radiographs of Latin American individuals from Peru and Brazil. Material and Methods: This correlation study evaluated 200 lateral head radiographs from Peruvian (n=100) and Brazilian (n=100) individuals aged 15 to 20 years. Two investigators were trained and calibrated to perform all measurements. Digital measurement of frontal sinus height and width was performed using specialized software. Subsequently, the maxillary (condylion to A point) and mandibular (condylion to gnathion—point) effective lengths were measured. Pearson correlation tests were used to assess the strength of the association. A significant level of p<0.05 was used. Results: A significant correlation was found between frontal sinus height and effective maxillary and mandibular lengths (p= 0.013 and p= 0.014, respectively). Frontal sinus width was also significantly correlated with effective maxillary and mandibular length (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). However, the correlations between frontal sinus height and width with maxillary and mandibular effective length were weak to moderate. Conclusion: The correlations between frontal sinus width and height and maxillary effective lengths are weak to moderate, indicating that, in most cases, as maxillary dimensions increase, frontal sinus lengths also increase but do not change by the same magnitude.
Cephalometric measurements and their impact on interlabial distance in individuals with and without anterior open bite: A comparative study LN. Garcia-Cahuana, YA. Rodríguez-Cárdenas, GA. Ruíz-Mora, PL. Tinedo-López, LE. Arriola-Guillén Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2026 Background: There has been limited research on the relationship between bone, dentoalveolar structures, and lip sealing, with no comparative studies on individuals with anterior open bite (AOB). This research aimed to evaluate the cephalometric measurements that modify interlabial distance in individuals with and without AOB. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 110 cephalometric radiographs (55 with AOB and 55 matched controls). Eighteen cephalometric variables (9 angular and 9 linear) were measured using Blue Sky Plan 4 software (USA) by one trained and calibrated dentist. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Shapiro-Wilk test assessed normality; Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test were applied accordingly. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify variables that modify interlabial distance (p<0.05). Results: In the control group, significant influences were identified for several factors: maxillomandibular divergence (B=0.03, p=0.019), upper lip height (B=0.06, p=0.032), upper lip to S-line distance (B=-0.05, p=0.024), and lower lip to S-line distance (B=0.05, p=0.047). In contrast, within the AOB group, only lower facial height had a significant influence (B=0.31, p=0.047). The final multiple linear regression analysis for the whole sample showed that AOB (B=0.703, p=0.009) and lower facial height (B=0.177, p=0.027) significantly affected the interlabial gap. Conclusions: The interlabial gap in individuals with AOB is mainly influenced by vertical facial dimension, while in controls, maxillomandibular divergence and lip-to-S-line distances play a greater role. Moreover, AOB and increased vertical facial dimension are the most influential factors affecting the interlabial gap, highlighting the need to address both during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth among young Peruvians: A large cross-sectional study L. Damián-Navarro, M. Esquivel-Ortega, JM. Llaguno-Rubio, GA. Fiori-Chincaro, LE. Arriola-Guillén Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2026 Background: To determine the prevalence of impacted teeth (IT) and supernumerary teeth (ST) in young Peruvian individuals aged 13 to 20 years based on panoramic radiographs taken between 2020 and 2025. Materials and. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and retrospective study complied with all ethical standards. Digital panoramic radiographs from two radiological centers in Peru (n = 7,903) were evaluated to analyze and detect the presence of impacted and supernumerary teeth. All DPRs were assessed by two previously trained and calibrated investigators. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were used, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The study found a prevalence of impacted teeth (IT) of 58.7%, with no significant difference between sexes (p = 0.361). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth (ST) was 3.9% (males 5.5%, females 2.5%; p < 0.001). Single ST were observed in 68.9% of cases, with no sex-related differences (p = 0.195). No maxillary or mandibular predominance was found (p = 0.717); however, a higher frequency of ST was recorded in the posterior region (56.1%, p = 0.088) and of the supplemental type (51.9%), with no differences by sex (p = 0.185). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of ST in males (B = 2.28, p < 0.001), with no influence of age (p = 0.200). The most frequently impacted teeth were third molars (n = 3,579), followed by canines (n = 1,101) and incisors (n = 60). Conclusions: The prevalence of impacted teeth in young Peruvian patients was within the high range reported in the literature, with no significant differences by sex or age. Third molars were the most commonly impacted teeth, followed by canines. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was within the average range reported in previous studies, being higher in males, predominantly single and located in the posterior region, with no age-related effect. Periodic radiographic evaluations during adolescence are recommended for early detection, as well as further research in young patients during the critical period of completion of permanent dental maturation.
Self-configuring 3D Segmentation of Pediatric Dentition Enzo Tulissi, Alban Gaydamour, Juan C. Prieto, Claudia Mattos, Renata R. Rosa, Sara Tinawi, Dylan J. Keener, Aron Aliaga Del Castillo, Eduardo Caleme, Brent Larson, Antonio C. de Oliveira Ruellas, Luis E. Arriola-Guillén, Jonas Bianchi, Heesoo Oh, Marcela Lima Gurgel, Erika Benavides, Fabiana Soki, Yalil A. Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Gustavo A. Ruíz-Mora, Bruno M. R. Braga, Ana B. Teodoro, Selene Barone, Martin Styner, Roberto Bespalez-Neto, Lucia H. Cevidanes Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2026
AI-Assisted 3D diagnosis of impacted maxillary canines: A validation study Sara Tinawi, Rodrigo Teixeira, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Erika Benavides, Fabiana Soki, Antonio Carlos De Oliveira Ruellas, Brent Larson, Luis Enersto Arriola Guillén, Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, Jonas Bianchi, Marcela Gurgel, Felicia Miranda, Dylan Keener, Maxime Gillot, Luc Anchling, Jeanne Claret, Christopher Roberts, Laurie McClatchey McNamara, Mary Barkley, Eric Hannapel, Maria Pinzon, Thomas Gebeck, Nicholas Shirey, Claudia Mattos, Gregory Hummon, Lucia Cevidanes Clinical Oral Investigations, 2025
Florid Bone Dysplasia: Imaging Signs reported in dental articles published between 2012 and 2021 Avances En Odontoestomatologia, 2023
Three-dimensional decision support system for treatment of canine impaction Dylan J. Keener, Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Jonas Bianchi, Heesoo Oh, Marcela Lima Gurgel, Erika Benavides, Fabiana Soki, Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, Mary Barkley, Thomas Gebeck, Eric Hannapel, Laurie McNamara McClatchey, Maria Pinzon, Christopher Roberts, Lucia Cevidanes American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2023
Class II malocclusion treatment with a customized dual force distalizer Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Luciano Soldevilla, Marcelo Vinicius Valerio, Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira, Lorena Vilanova, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Guilherme Janson American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2021
Use of the cone beam computed tomography for the study of bone density in orthodontic treatment. A review of the literature. Avances En Odontoestomatologia, 2021
Occupational health in oral radiologists: A review Flor Londoño-Candonaza, Gustavo Fiori-Chincaro, Ana Agudelo-Botero, Jhoana Llaguno-Rubio, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén Dental and Medical Problems, 2021
Authors' response Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Claudia Chávez-Alvarez, Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, Gustavo Fiori-Chincaro, Heraldo Luis Dias-Da Silveira, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2020
Authors' response Nicolas Arboleda-Ariza, Juan Schilling, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Aron Aliaga–del Castillo American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2019
Authors' response Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Guilherme Janson American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2019
Authors' response Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén, Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Aron Aliaga–Del Castillo, Mariana Boessio-Vizzotto, Heraldo Luis Dias–Da Silveira American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2019
Semi-longitudinal Study of the Mcnamara Cephalometric Triangle in Class II and Class III Subjects Grouped by Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stage Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana AOL, 2015
