Krzysztof Granatyr

@pb.edu.pl

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences Bialystok University of Technology
Bialystok University of Technology

Krzysztof Granatyr


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https://researchid.co/krzysztofgranatyr

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Ceramics and Composites, Civil and Structural Engineering, Materials Science
7

Scopus Publications

11

Scholar Citations

2

Scholar h-index

Scopus Publications

  • The Influence of the Water–Cement Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with the Addition of Sewage Sludge Biochar
    Katarzyna Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Marta Kosior-Kazberuk, Krzysztof Granatyr, Clara Hammersley, Hussein Cadsoch, Hwa Kian Chai
    International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 2026
    The article describes the research on the impact of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cement mortars, with a focus on compressive and flexural strength. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with biochar in amounts of 2%, 5%, and 10% by weight, at two different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios: 0.5 and 0.6. The research included a wide range of analyses, such as workability tests, strength tests after 7 and 28 days, microstructural examinations (using SEM, EDX, XRD) and fire resistance tests. The analysis showed that increasing biochar content reduced workability, especially at lower w/c ratios. At w/c = 0.5, the addition of biochar generally led to reduced compressive and flexural strength, particularly after 28 days. However, at w/c = 0.6, biochar significantly improved strength properties, with 2–5% being the most beneficial content. The study attributes the strength improvement to the filler effect, internal curing potential, and enhanced hydration due to biochar’s porous structure, which initially absorbs and later releases water. Microstructural analysis confirmed that biochar was well integrated into the cement matrix and facilitated the formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C–S–H) gels. Fire resistance tests further revealed that biochar-containing samples maintained higher compressive strength after exposure to high temperatures compared to the control samples. Overall, the study concludes that sewage sludge biochar has promising potential as a partial cement substitute, particularly at optimal doses (≤ 5%) and higher w/c ratios, contributing to sustainability goals in the construction sector.
  • Alkali-Activated Granulated Aggregates from Low-Quality Fly Ash and Basalt Dust: Effect of Sodium Silicate/NaOH Activator Chemistry and Accelerated Carbonation
    Krzysztof Granatyr, Małgorzata Franus, Katarzyna Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Adam Masłoń
    Materials, 2026
    This study examined alkali-activated granular aggregates produced from biomass fly ash, coal fly ash, and basalt dust. The work focused on multicomponent industrial waste mixtures activated with two sodium silicate-based systems and on the effect of carbonation curing on aggregate properties. Twelve designed mixtures and reference series were evaluated in terms of particle density, water absorption, and mechanical performance. The response to carbonation was also analysed to assess the potential for CO2 uptake. Mechanical performance ranged from low to moderate and depended on mixture composition, activator type, and carbonation treatment. In most cases, the blended activator produced higher strength before carbonation than sodium silicate alone, whereas carbonation frequently reduced strength. Mixtures containing more basalt dust and less biomass fly ash generally showed the most favourable combination of properties. The results indicate that these industrial mineral wastes can be used to produce alkali-activated granular aggregates with adjustable properties, while carbonation curing may additionally contribute to phase changes and limited CO2 binding.
  • Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Multi-Component Binder-Based Mortars Using Particle Packing Techniques
    Vanga Renuka, Sarella Venkateswara Rao, Tezeswi Tadepalli, Katarzyna Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Krzysztof Granatyr, Marta Kosior-Kazberuk, Małgorzata Franus, Adam Masłoń
    Materials, 2026
    The use of a multi-component binder (MCB), consisting of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) combined with one or more supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), has gained prominence for enhancing sustainability and improving the performance of cementitious systems. This study provides an integrated approach to optimize both binder composition and aggregate gradation through advanced mixture design and particle packing techniques. The MCB system consists of OPC partially replaced with SCMs such as fly ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), metakaolin (MK), and silica fume (SF), with particle sizes ranging from micron to sub-micron scale. The D-optimal mixture design (DOD) method is used to determine the optimal material proportions by evaluating the relation between binder composition and wet packing density measured through the wet packing method (WPM). To further enhance packing efficiency, the Modified Toufar Model (MTM) is employed to optimize fine aggregate gradation. The maximum packing density is considered the primary criterion for identifying the optimal mix design, as it reflects the minimum void ratio and the most efficient particle size distribution. The optimized mortar mixes are evaluated for mechanical strength, pozzolanic reactivity, capillary water sorptivity, and drying shrinkage. Results indicate that the optimized MCB and optimized fine aggregate gradation improve the packing density and pozzolanic activity, significantly enhancing strength and durability performance. The incorporation of SCMs offers an effective strategy to improve performance while mitigating carbon emissions. Compared with C100, CFGMS-based systems achieved energy reductions of 35–40% and CO2 emission reductions of 34–48%.
  • Properties of Eco-Friendly Cement Composites Made with Recycled Cement Mortar-Based Artificial Aggregates
    Katarzyna Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Edyta Pawluczuk, Krzysztof Granatyr, Małgorzata Franus, Marta Kosior-Kazberuk, Michał Bołtryk, Adam Masłoń
    Materials, 2025
    Artificial aggregates (AAs) are man-made construction materials, and their properties greatly depend on their manufacturing process (e.g., granulation and hardening) and the raw materials used. The conducted research aimed to determine the most advantageous composition of artificial aggregates prepared based on three wastes simultaneously: municipal waste incineration ash (MWIA), sediment from the bottom of a water reservoir (SBWR), recycled cement mortar (RCM)- which was the main waste. A production process of such aggregates was also developed, with the setting of the hardening temperature (20 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C). The X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the waste. Then, the properties of cementitious composites prepared with artificial aggregate with the best strength parameters of 0–100% of the natural aggregate were determined. Carbon footprint calculations were performed for the production of artificial aggregate, depending on its composition and for cementitious composites.
  • Adhesion analysis between geopolymer and mineral-asphalt composite
    Krzsztof Granatyr
    Budownictwo I Architektura, 2025
    The article presents research on the influence of the variable composition of geopolymer concrete on its ability to bond with asphalt concrete. The experimental variables included the proportion of mortar in the geopolymer concrete, the molarity of NaOH in the activator, and the thickness of the geopolymer layer in the road composite. The curing conditions remained constant. Tests were conducted to evaluate interlayer adhesion using the Leutner method, as well as compressive strength, shrinkage, and temperature deformation. The obtained results confirm the interlayer bonding values in each tested case. The interlayer adhesion test was performed according to a three-factor experimental design at three levels of variability. The factors considered were: geopolymer layer thickness (15, 30, 45 mm), molar concentration of NaOH in the activator (8, 10, 12 mol/L), and mortar content in geopolymer concrete (45%, 55%, 65%). All factors significantly influenced interlayer adhesion. The shrinkage of the geopolymer and mineral-asphalt composite was lower than that of geopolymer concrete. Additionally, deformation at both low and high temperatures was lower in the geopolymer and mineral-asphalt composite.
  • The influence of varied composition of the geopolymer composite on the adhesion with asphalt composite
    Krzysztof Granatyr
    Materialy Budowlane, 2023
    Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
  • Ecological aspects in the application of geopolymer composites on road surfaces
    Michał Bołtryk, Krzysztof Granatyr, Natalia Stankiewicz
    Ekonomia I Srodowisko, 2019
    The article presents, based on preliminary research, the possibility of using a geopolymer composite as a protective layer of engineering structures, which protects it against the impact of harmful factors of the surrounding environment as well as the effects of mechanical interactions. The most common solutions of such layers are insulations based on synthetic feeds, bitumens – products obtained in the process of processing crude oil. The ecological aspect of the implementation of geopolymer materials and the process of their production are presented. Technological problems in the application of geopolymer protective layers on an industrial scale were considered. The paper presents the results of own research on the influence of the geopolymer composite layer thickness on adhesion to concrete based on Portland cement, in which the compaction method of the composite was considered.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Alkali-Activated Granulated Aggregates from Low-Quality Fly Ash and Basalt Dust: Effect of Sodium Silicate/NaOH Activator Chemistry and Accelerated Carbonation
    K Granatyr, M Franus, K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, A Masłoń
    Materials 19 (10), 2026 , 2026
    2026
  • The Influence of the Water–Cement Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with the Addition of Sewage Sludge Biochar
    K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, M Kosior-Kazberuk, K Granatyr, ...
    International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 20 (1), 37 , 2026
    2026
  • Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Multi-Component Binder-Based Mortars Using Particle Packing Techniques
    V Renuka, SV Rao, T Tadepalli, K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, K Granatyr, ...
    Materials 19 (5), 1024 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 2
  • Properties of Eco-Friendly Cement Composites Made with Recycled Cement Mortar-Based Artificial Aggregates
    K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, E Pawluczuk, K Granatyr, M Franus, ...
    Materials 18 (22), 5115 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Analiza właściwości fizyczno-mechanicznych kompozytów geopolimerowych z zastosowaniem kruszyw z recyklingu betonu
    K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, K Granatyr, AS Nowak, C Fleming, H Jackson
    Builder 29 , 2025
    2025
  • Wpływ zróżnicowanego składu kompozytu geopolimerowego na adhezję z kompozytem asfaltowym
    K Granatyr, M Bołtryk, K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, P Szeligowski
    Materiały Budowlane , 2023
    2023
  • Ecological aspects in the application of geopolymer composites on road surfaces
    M Bołtryk, K Granatyr, N Stankiewicz
    Ekonomia i Środowisko, 193-202 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 8

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Ecological aspects in the application of geopolymer composites on road surfaces
    M Bołtryk, K Granatyr, N Stankiewicz
    Ekonomia i Środowisko, 193-202 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 8
  • Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Multi-Component Binder-Based Mortars Using Particle Packing Techniques
    V Renuka, SV Rao, T Tadepalli, K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, K Granatyr, ...
    Materials 19 (5), 1024 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 2
  • Properties of Eco-Friendly Cement Composites Made with Recycled Cement Mortar-Based Artificial Aggregates
    K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, E Pawluczuk, K Granatyr, M Franus, ...
    Materials 18 (22), 5115 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Alkali-Activated Granulated Aggregates from Low-Quality Fly Ash and Basalt Dust: Effect of Sodium Silicate/NaOH Activator Chemistry and Accelerated Carbonation
    K Granatyr, M Franus, K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, A Masłoń
    Materials 19 (10), 2026 , 2026
    2026
  • The Influence of the Water–Cement Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with the Addition of Sewage Sludge Biochar
    K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, M Kosior-Kazberuk, K Granatyr, ...
    International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 20 (1), 37 , 2026
    2026
  • Analiza właściwości fizyczno-mechanicznych kompozytów geopolimerowych z zastosowaniem kruszyw z recyklingu betonu
    K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, K Granatyr, AS Nowak, C Fleming, H Jackson
    Builder 29 , 2025
    2025
  • Wpływ zróżnicowanego składu kompozytu geopolimerowego na adhezję z kompozytem asfaltowym
    K Granatyr, M Bołtryk, K Kalinowska-Wichrowska, P Szeligowski
    Materiały Budowlane , 2023
    2023