Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Market Meat in Peru Fernando Guibert, Beatriz Rojo-Bezares, Kathya Espinoza, Carla A. Alonso, Rosario Oporto-Llerena, María López, Clara Taboada-Blanco, Yolanda Sáenz, Maria J. Pons, Joaquim Ruiz Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2025 Unconsidered microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may be often recovered from food samples. This study aimed to characterize seven P. aeruginosa recovered from traditional market chicken meat in Lima, Peru. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents as well as the presence of amino acid changes in fluoroquinolone targets, 10 mediated colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes and integrons were analyzed. Clonal relationships were determined through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Serotype by agglutination, multilocus sequence typing and the presence of 14 virulence factors (VFs) were established. Two isolates were multidrug-resistant, all being fluoroquinolone-resistant and exhibited the amino acid changes GyrA T 83 I and ParC S 87 L. No mcr gene was detected in the colistin-resistant isolates. The isolates showed identical PFGE patterns, and the selected P6 isolate belonged to the serotype O:4 and the sequence type 1800, and presented 12 VFs (all but exoU and exlA ). The present study highlights the presence of multidrug and virulent P. aeruginosa in market chicken meat, and suggests cross-contamination during meat manipulation.
Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin Margot Ventura, Rosario Oporto-Llerena, Kathya Espinoza, Fernando Guibert, Antonio M. Quispe, Nidia Vilar, María López, Beatriz Rojo-Bezares, Yolanda Sáenz, Joaquim Ruiz, Maria J. Pons Veterinary World, 2024 Background and Aim: Established antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in companion animals is lacking, particularly in low-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to analyze AMR and its risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs at two veterinary centers in Lima (Peru). Materials and Methods: Ninety dogs were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility was established by disk diffusion, whereas microdilution was used to determine colistin susceptibility. Mechanisms related to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and colistin resistance were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Clonal relationships of colistin-resistant isolates were assessed by XbaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Thirty-five E. coli strains were isolated. High levels of resistance to ampicillin (57.1%), nalidixic acid (54.3%), tetracycline (48.6%), and azithromycin (25.7%) were detected. Cephalosporin resistance levels were ≥20% and those for colistin were 14.3%. Twelve (34.2%) isolates were ESBL producers; of these, six blaCTX-M-55 (50.0%), 2 (16.6%) blaCTX-M-15, and 2 (16.6%) blaCTX-M-8-like genes were found. The five colistin-resistant isolates were clonally unrelated, with four of them presenting amino acid codon substitutions in the mgrB gene (V8A) or mutations in the mgrB promoter (a12g, g98t, and c89t). Furthermore, dog age, <6 years (p = 0.027) and raw diet (p = 0.054) were associated with resistance to a greater number of antibiotic families. Conclusion: Despite small number of samples included, the study found that dogs studied were carriers of multidrug-resistant E. coli, including last-resort antimicrobials, representing a public health problem due to close contact between dogs and humans. This issue suggests the need for larger studies addressed to design strategies to prevent the spread of resistant micro-organisms in small animal clinics and domestic settings. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, colistin, dogs, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Peru, risk factor.
Clonal dissemination of Acinetobacter radioresistens among Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) inhabiting a barren northern Peruvian island Ignasi Roca, Kathya Espinoza, Cinthia Irigoin-Lovera, Maria Piquet, Luciano A. Palomino-Kobayashi, Angie K. Castillo, Diego D. Gonzales-DelCarpio, Joaquim Viñes, Laura Muñoz, Barbara Ymaña, Rosario Oporto, Carlos Zavalaga, Maria J. Pons, Joaquim Ruiz European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 2024 Acinetobacter spp. are often isolated from natural sources, but knowledge about their presence in wild animals is fragmented and uncomplete. The present study aimed to characterize a series of Acinetobacter radioresistens isolated from Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Fifteen Humboldt penguins from an inhabited northern Peruvian island were sampled. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was established, and clonal relationships were determined. A representative isolate was selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS). A. radioresistens were isolated from the feces of 12 (80%) Humboldt penguins, being susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except eight cefotaxime-intermediate isolates. All A. radioresistens were clonally related. WGS showed that the isolate belonged to ST1972, the presence of two chromosomal encoded carbapenemases (blaOXA-23 and a putative subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase), and a series of point mutations in antibiotic-resistance related chromosomal genes, which were considered as polymorphisms. In addition, a few virulence factors, including a capsule-encoding operon, superoxide dismutases, catalases, phospholipases and a siderophore receptor were identified. The present results suggest that A. radioresistens may be a common member of the gut microbiota of Humboldt penguins, but further studies in other geographical areas are needed to establish this finding.
Isolation and Identification of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Wild Birds Inhabiting Wetlands in Metropolitan Lima, Peru Kathya Espinoza, Xiomara Caffo, Jacqueline Hernández, Raul Olaechea, Maria J. Pons, Joaquim Ruiz Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2023 During a survey in wetlands from southern Lima, Peru, two non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolates were obtained from samples collected from an American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) and a Wren-like Rushbird (Phleocryptes melanops). Vibrio cholerae was identified by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA, differentially grown on CHROMagar Vibrio media, and confirmed by ompW amplification. Isolates were confirmed to be non-O1/non-O139 serotypes and to lack the ctxA gene as inferred using PCR. Susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents was assessed, with one isolate being resistant to azithromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, and furazolidone. Our results indicate the utility of surveillance for V. cholerae in wetlands in the metropolitan Lima area.
Environmental, geographical and time-related impacts on avian malaria infections in native and introduced populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a globally invasive species Martina Ferraguti, Sergio Magallanes, Jéssica Jiménez‐Peñuela, Josué Martínez‐de la Puente, Luz Garcia‐Longoria, Jordi Figuerola, Jaime Muriel, Tamer Albayrak, Staffan Bensch, Camille Bonneaud, Rohan H. Clarke, Gábor Á. Czirják, Dimitar Dimitrov, Kathya Espinoza, John G. Ewen, Farah Ishtiaq, Wendy Flores‐Saavedra, László Zsolt Garamszegi, Olof Hellgren, Dita Horakova, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Henrik Jensen, Asta Križanauskienė, Marcos R. Lima, Charlene Lujan‐Vega, Eyðfinn Magnussen, Lynn B. Martin, Kevin D. Matson, Anders Pape Møller, Pavel Munclinger, Vaidas Palinauskas, Péter L. Pap, Javier Pérez‐Tris, Swen C. Renner, Robert Ricklefs, Sergio Scebba, Ravinder N. M. Sehgal, Manuel Soler, Eszter Szöllősi, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Helena Westerdahl, Pavel Zehtindjiev, Alfonso Marzal Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023 AimThe increasing spread of vector‐borne diseases has resulted in severe health concerns for humans, domestic animals and wildlife, with changes in land use and the introduction of invasive species being among the main possible causes for this increase. We explored several ecological drivers potentially affecting the local prevalence and richness of avian malaria parasite lineages in native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) populations.LocationGlobal.Time period2002–2019.Major taxa studiedAvian Plasmodium parasites in house sparrows.MethodsWe analysed data from 2,220 samples from 69 localities across all continents, except Antarctica. The influence of environment (urbanization index and human density), geography (altitude, latitude, hemisphere) and time (bird breeding season and years since introduction) were analysed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and random forests.ResultsOverall, 670 sparrows (30.2%) were infected with 22 Plasmodium lineages. In native populations, parasite prevalence was positively related to urbanization index, with the highest prevalence values in areas with intermediate urbanization levels. Likewise, in introduced populations, prevalence was positively associated with urbanization index; however, higher infection occurred in areas with either extreme high or low levels of urbanization. In introduced populations, the number of parasite lineages increased with altitude and with the years elapsed since the establishment of sparrows in a new locality. Here, after a decline in the number of parasite lineages in the first 30 years, an increase from 40 years onwards was detected.Main conclusionsUrbanization was related to parasite prevalence in both native and introduced bird populations. In invaded areas, altitude and time since bird introduction were related to the number of Plasmodium lineages found to be infecting sparrows.
Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): one health approach Angie K. Castillo, Kathya Espinoza, Antony F. Chaves, Fernando Guibert, Joaquim Ruiz, Maria J. Pons Heliyon, 2022 Objective: beyond the clinical setting in Peru. Methods: We searched 2009-2019 literature in PUBMED, Google Scholar and local repositories. Results: Thirty manuscripts including human, food, environmental, livestock, pets and/or wild animals' samples were found. The analysis showed high resistance levels to a variety of antimicrobial agents, with >90% of resistance for streptomycin and non-extended-spectrum cephalosporin in livestock and food. High levels of rifamycin resistance were also found in non-clinical samples from humans. In pets, resistance levels of 70->90% were detected for quinolones tetracycline and non-extended spectrum cephalosporins. The results suggest higher levels of antimicrobial resistance in captive than in free-ranging wild-animals. Finally, among environmental samples, 50-70% of resistance to non-extended-spectrum cephalosporin and streptomycin was found. Conclusions: High levels of resistance, especially related to old antibacterial agents, such as streptomycin, 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines or first-generation quinolones were detected. Antimicrobial use and control measures are needed with a One Health approach to identify the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance due to interconnected human, animal and environmental habitats.
Bibliometric trends of scientific publications on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in Peru from 2009-2019 Joaquim Ruiz, Angie K Castillo, Kathya Espinoza, Antony F Chaves, Fernando Guibert, Maria J Pons Revista Del Cuerpo Medico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, 2022 Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide. While the most visible aspect is the direct effect of antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings, this problem affects all microorganisms in all environments. Nevertheless, most of the data available on antibiotic resistance outside clinical settings are from high-income countries, with the current situation in most low- and middle-income countries remaining under-reported. Escherichia coli is considered a good marker of “antibiotic pressure” due to its cosmopolitan distribution. In this scenario, we selected E. coli as an appropriate microorganism to perform an initial bibliometric analysis of publications focused on antimicrobial resistance outside disease-causing microorganisms. Thus, the present manuscript performs an analysis of the studies reporting measurable levels of antibiotic resistance of E. coli not causing human disease in Peru published during the period from 2009-2019. Following a search in PubMed and Google, 35 documents were selected as reporting measurable data of antibiotic resistance. Of these, 8 (22.8%) were reported in thesis format. The mean delay between sampling and publishing in article format was 3.7 years, with one study having been published 18 years after sampling. The number of publications developed in Peru describing antimicrobial resistance levels in E. coli out of hospital settings in the period 2009-2019 is scarce. Of these, a relevant number is of unpublished thesis. These findings showing the gap of knowledge and lack of accessible data about antimicrobial resistance out of hospital environments. Efforts and strategies must be developed to fill this knowledge gap.
Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru Luz Garcia-Longoria, Jaime Muriel, Sergio Magallanes, Zaira Hellen Villa-Galarce, Leonila Ricopa, Wilson Giancarlo Inga-Díaz, Esteban Fong, Daniel Vecco, César Guerra-SaldaÑa, Teresa Salas-Rengifo, Wendy Flores-Saavedra, Kathya Espinoza, Carlos Mendoza, Blanca SaldaÑa, Manuel González-Blázquez, Henry Gonzales-Pinedo, Charlene Luján-Vega, Carlos Alberto Del Águila, Yessica Vilca-Herrera, Carlos Alberto Pineda, Carmen Reategui, Jorge Manuel Cárdenas-Callirgos, José Alberto Iannacone, Jorge Luis Mendoza, Ravinder N M Sehgal, Alfonso Marzal Current Zoology, 2022 Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understanding their eco-evolutionary dynamics. Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible for fitness loss and mortality in bird species worldwide. However, despite exhibiting the greatest ornithological biodiversity, avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite unexplored. Here, we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversity of parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian ecoregions. We detected 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird species. We showed that 25 out of the 70 haplotypes had not been previously recorded. Moreover, we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian parasites. Our outcomes revealed that the effective diversity (as well as the richness, abundance, and Shannon–Weaver index) for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ecoregions. Furthermore, we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had high parasite richness, hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite richness. Generalist parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity, implying that the abundance and richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian parasites. These outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified haemosporidian lineages. Further studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites in the tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships, phylogeography, and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.
Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli from Wild Birds in a Peruvian Wetland: K. Espinoza et al. K Espinoza, X Caffo, J Hernández, LA Palomino-Kobayashi, J Ruiz, ... EcoHealth, 1-12 , 2026 2026.0
Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Market Meat in Peru F Guibert, B Rojo-Bezares, K Espinoza, CA Alonso, R Oporto-Llerena, ... Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 22 (11), 761-767 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 2
Traditional marketed meats as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli F Guibert, K Espinoza, C Taboada-Blanco, CA Alonso, R Oporto, ... International Microbiology 28 (Suppl 1), 27-43 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 12
Clonal dissemination of Acinetobacter radioresistens among Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti ) inhabiting a barren northern … I Roca, K Espinoza, C Irigoin-Lovera, M Piquet, LA Palomino-Kobayashi, ... European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 14 (2), 210-218 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 1
Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin M Ventura, R Oporto-Llerena, K Espinoza, F Guibert, AM Quispe, N Vilar, ... Veterinary World 17 (4), 880 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 5
Isolation and Identification of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Wild Birds Inhabiting Wetlands in Metropolitan Lima, Peru K Espinoza, X Caffo, J Hernández, R Olaechea, MJ Pons, J Ruiz The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 59 (3), 495-499 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 1
Environmental, geographical and time‐related impacts on avian malaria infections in native and introduced populations of house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ), a … M Ferraguti, S Magallanes, J Jiménez‐Peñuela, J Martínez‐de la Puente, ... Global Ecology and Biogeography 32 (5), 809-823 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 16
Corrigendum to “Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.): recent insight on phytochemistry, pharmacology, organoleptic, safety and toxicity perspectives”[Heliyon 8,(9),(September … NARM Rodzi, LK Lee Heliyon 8 (11) , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 3
Bibliometric trends of scientific publications on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in Peru from 2009-2019. J Ruiz, AK Castillo, K Espinoza, AF Chaves, F Guibert, MJ Pons Revista del Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 15 (3 … , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 1
Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): One health approach AK Castillo, K Espinoza, AF Chaves, F Guibert, J Ruiz, MJ Pons Heliyon 8 (9) , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 17
Tendencias bibliométricas de las publicaciones sobre resistencia a antimicrobianos en Escherichia coli en Perú de 2009-2019 J Ruiz, AK Castillo, K Espinoza, AF Chaves, F Guibert, MJ Pons Revista del Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 15 (3 … , 2022 2022.0
Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru L Garcia-Longoria, J Muriel, S Magallanes, ZH Villa-Galarce, L Ricopa, ... Current Zoology 68 (1), 27-40 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 18
Antimicrobial Resistance Levels among Gram-negative Bacteria from Peruvian Boobies ( Sula variegata ) in Northern Peru K Espinoza, C Zavalaga, C Irigoin-Lovera, DD Gonzales-DelCarpio, ... The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 57 (3), 722-725 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 6
The uropygial gland microbiome of house sparrows with malaria infection E Videvall, A Marzal, S Magallanes, RC Fleischer, K Espinoza, ... Journal of Avian Biology 52 (2) , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 18
Salmonella spp en aves silvestres que habitan alrededor de una granja de cuyes tecnificada en el distrito de Manchay, Lima K Espinoza Ramírez, S Morales-Cauti Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 30 (1), 423-429 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 9
Salmonella spp. in wild birds living around a well-managed guinea pig farm in the district of Manchay, Lima. K Espinoza Ramírez, S Morales-Cauti Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (RIVEP) 30 (1), 423-429 , 2019 2019.0
Variation in malaria infection and immune defence in invasive and endemic house sparrows A Marzal, AP Møller, K Espinoza, S Morales, C Luján‐Vega, ... Animal Conservation 21 (6), 505-514 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 29
Determinación de la Salmonella spp. en aves silvestres que habitan alrededor de una granja de cuyes de crianza tecnificada en el distrito de Manchay, Lima KC Espinoza Ramírez 2016.0
Estudio exploratorio de la presencia de Escherichia coli productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido aisladas de muestras clínicas de humanos, carne expendida en mercados … KC Espinoza Ramirez
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Variation in malaria infection and immune defence in invasive and endemic house sparrows A Marzal, AP Møller, K Espinoza, S Morales, C Luján‐Vega, ... Animal Conservation 21 (6), 505-514 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 29
Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru L Garcia-Longoria, J Muriel, S Magallanes, ZH Villa-Galarce, L Ricopa, ... Current Zoology 68 (1), 27-40 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 18
The uropygial gland microbiome of house sparrows with malaria infection E Videvall, A Marzal, S Magallanes, RC Fleischer, K Espinoza, ... Journal of Avian Biology 52 (2) , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 18
Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): One health approach AK Castillo, K Espinoza, AF Chaves, F Guibert, J Ruiz, MJ Pons Heliyon 8 (9) , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 17
Environmental, geographical and time‐related impacts on avian malaria infections in native and introduced populations of house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ), a … M Ferraguti, S Magallanes, J Jiménez‐Peñuela, J Martínez‐de la Puente, ... Global Ecology and Biogeography 32 (5), 809-823 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 16
Traditional marketed meats as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli F Guibert, K Espinoza, C Taboada-Blanco, CA Alonso, R Oporto, ... International Microbiology 28 (Suppl 1), 27-43 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 12
Salmonella spp en aves silvestres que habitan alrededor de una granja de cuyes tecnificada en el distrito de Manchay, Lima K Espinoza Ramírez, S Morales-Cauti Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 30 (1), 423-429 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 9
Antimicrobial Resistance Levels among Gram-negative Bacteria from Peruvian Boobies ( Sula variegata ) in Northern Peru K Espinoza, C Zavalaga, C Irigoin-Lovera, DD Gonzales-DelCarpio, ... The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 57 (3), 722-725 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 6
Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin M Ventura, R Oporto-Llerena, K Espinoza, F Guibert, AM Quispe, N Vilar, ... Veterinary World 17 (4), 880 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 5
Corrigendum to “Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.): recent insight on phytochemistry, pharmacology, organoleptic, safety and toxicity perspectives”[Heliyon 8,(9),(September … NARM Rodzi, LK Lee Heliyon 8 (11) , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 3
Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Market Meat in Peru F Guibert, B Rojo-Bezares, K Espinoza, CA Alonso, R Oporto-Llerena, ... Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 22 (11), 761-767 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 2
Clonal dissemination of Acinetobacter radioresistens among Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti ) inhabiting a barren northern … I Roca, K Espinoza, C Irigoin-Lovera, M Piquet, LA Palomino-Kobayashi, ... European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 14 (2), 210-218 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 1
Isolation and Identification of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Wild Birds Inhabiting Wetlands in Metropolitan Lima, Peru K Espinoza, X Caffo, J Hernández, R Olaechea, MJ Pons, J Ruiz The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 59 (3), 495-499 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 1
Bibliometric trends of scientific publications on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in Peru from 2009-2019. J Ruiz, AK Castillo, K Espinoza, AF Chaves, F Guibert, MJ Pons Revista del Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 15 (3 … , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 1
Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli from Wild Birds in a Peruvian Wetland: K. Espinoza et al. K Espinoza, X Caffo, J Hernández, LA Palomino-Kobayashi, J Ruiz, ... EcoHealth, 1-12 , 2026 2026.0
Tendencias bibliométricas de las publicaciones sobre resistencia a antimicrobianos en Escherichia coli en Perú de 2009-2019 J Ruiz, AK Castillo, K Espinoza, AF Chaves, F Guibert, MJ Pons Revista del Cuerpo Médico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 15 (3 … , 2022 2022.0
Salmonella spp. in wild birds living around a well-managed guinea pig farm in the district of Manchay, Lima. K Espinoza Ramírez, S Morales-Cauti Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (RIVEP) 30 (1), 423-429 , 2019 2019.0
Determinación de la Salmonella spp. en aves silvestres que habitan alrededor de una granja de cuyes de crianza tecnificada en el distrito de Manchay, Lima KC Espinoza Ramírez 2016.0
Estudio exploratorio de la presencia de Escherichia coli productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido aisladas de muestras clínicas de humanos, carne expendida en mercados … KC Espinoza Ramirez
