Dr. Kassim Kalinaki (Member, IEEE) is a computer science researcher, technologist, and educator with over a decade of experience bridging academic research and industry expertise. He holds a Diploma in Computer Engineering from Kyambogo University, a Diploma in IT, as well as BSc and MSc degrees in Computer Science and Engineering from the Islamic University of Technology, Bangladesh. He earned his PhD in Computer Science from the School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD). In addition to his academic qualifications, Dr. Kalinaki has obtained several industry-recognized certifications in cybersecurity and Big Data Analytics, solidifying his reputation as a trusted advisor to organizations striving for digital transformation and resilience.
AI-Driven Education: Building Skills for the Future in Brunei Darussalam Afiqah Amin, Kassim Kalinaki Emerging Technologies and Business Development in the Tropics A Roadmap for Transformation, 2026 This study explores the adoption of AI tools, within academic settings in Brunei Darussalam, aiming to strengthen future skills development via artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in Bruneian education. Grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM), the research examines how perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) influence users’ behavioral intentions to adopt AI technologies. It further investigates whether gender and age moderate these relationships. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from a randomly selected sample representing diverse academic and demographic backgrounds. The findings challenge traditional TAM assumptions, while PU significantly predicts behavioral intention, and PEOU does not. Moreover, neither gender nor age moderates these relationships, suggesting a consistent adoption pattern across demographic segments. These insights imply that strategies promoting AI integration in education should emphasize its practical benefits over usability and adopt inclusive approaches that do not require demographic tailoring. As the first TAM-based study on AI tools adoption in Brunei, this research contributes to the growing discourse on technology acceptance and offers actionable guidance for policymakers, educators, and technologists seeking to build AI-driven, future-ready learning environments in Southeast Asia.
Using Online Predictions and Machine Learning for Fraud Detection in Online Transactions Kassim Kalinaki, Wasswa Shafik, Khairul Eahsun Fahim Real Time Artificial Intelligence AI Key Motivations Technologies Platforms and Use Cases, 2026 Effective and efficient fraud detection techniques are critical in the current surge in online transactions to ensure sustainable communities and cities. A promising approach to real-time fraud detection is the utilization of online predictions, which leverage machine learning (ML) algorithms to assess the likelihood of fraudulent activities. This chapter investigates the application of online predictions within a financial institution, specifically for detecting fraudulent transactions. Moreover, it delves into the data preprocessing techniques to adequately prepare the data for analysis, the 194ML algorithms utilized for prediction purposes, and the evaluation metrics adopted to measure the prediction model’s performance. Furthermore, this chapter thoroughly examines the practical implications of using online predictions for fraud detection, including the potential benefits, challenges, and prospects. By providing comprehensive insights into the use of online predictions for fraud detection, this chapter effectively underscores the critical role played by ML techniques in combatting fraud within online transactions and avails future perspectives and trends in fraud detection. Finally, the future of fraud detection using online predictions is poised for significant advancements. These trends will enable organizations to stay ahead of evolving fraud techniques, protect their assets and customers, and maintain trust and acceptance in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.
Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Critical Review of Integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Industry 4.0 Muhammad Muzamil Aslam, Wasswa Shafik, Ahmad Fathan Hidayatullah, Kassim Kalinaki, Haji Gul, Rufai Yusuf Zakari, Ali Tufail Digital Communications and Networks, 2026 The concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) enables the creation of a complex network that includes sensors integrated into vehicles and infrastructure, facilitating seamless data acquisition and transfer. This review examines the convergence of CPS and Industry 4.0 in the smart transportation sector, highlighting their transformative impact on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) operations. It explores the integration of Industry 4.0 and CPS technologies in intelligent transportation, highlighting their roles in enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. A systematic framework is proposed for developing, implementing, and managing these technologies in the transportation industry. Moreover, the review discusses frequent obstacles during technology integration in transportation and presents future research trends and innovations in intelligent transportation operations post-Industry 4.0 and CPS integration. Lastly, it emphasizes the critical need for standardized protocols and encryption methodologies to enhance the security of communication and data exchange among CPS components in transportation infrastructure.
A Comparative Analysis of Generative AI Traffic Across Continents Kassim Kalinaki, Madinah Nabukeera, Moses Matovu Digital Synthetic Data and Outputs, 2025 This study presents a comparative analysis of user engagement with generative AI, using ChatGPT traffic data for March 2024 as a case study of one widely adopted tool. Using World Bank data and statistical methods, including ANOVA, it compares usage across continents. While statistical tests showed no significant differences in total visits or global traffic share, descriptive results revealed meaningful disparities in engagement intensity. Chatbot-based platforms, particularly ChatGPT, have dominated other generative AI tools due to their versatility in tasks such as content creation, learning, coding, and communication. These findings suggest a trend toward broader access but also highlight persistent structural barriers, such as device access, digital skills, and infrastructure, that shape real-world usage. Therefore, promoting digital literacy, improving infrastructure, and localizing AI tools remain essential to achieving more equitable global engagement with generative AI.
Unraveling the dynamics of mobile wallets in promoting cashless tourism in Bangladesh: implementation of UTAUT2 model S.M. Nafiz Rayun, Muhammad Abdus Salam, Waziha Islam, Egi Arvian Firmansyah, Kassim Kalinaki Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 2025 Purpose This study aims to fill the research gap in the literature by focusing on the factors influencing the adoption of mobile wallets (m-wallets) for cashless transactions in the tourism sector. The tourism industry is striving to transition toward a more stable economy by promoting the adoption of m-wallets and establishing guidelines for the optimal use of digital payment systems. Design/methodology/approach A modified version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 model has been used for this study. Convenience sampling was adopted to collect 647 responses through online surveys via e-mail and social media platforms. Among these, 489 responses were deemed suitable for analysis. The analysis used Smart PLS 3.2.9 and SPSS 27 to create a structural equation model. Findings The results demonstrate that the tourists’ behavioral intention to adopt m-wallets is highly influenced by performance expectancy and effort expectancy. The research findings contribute to the literature on mobile payments, cashless tourism and technology adoption in the tourism industry. Originality/value The study’s findings improve tourism sustainability, tourist satisfaction and cashless sustainable tourism approaches. In addition, they provide recommendations for cashless tourism promotion strategies to key stakeholders, including policymakers, m-wallet providers and tourism businesses.
Leveraging Remote Sensing for Agriculture Mapping: Techniques, Applications, and Future Directions Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision for Ecological Informatics, 2025
Advances in Wildfire Spread Detection and Prediction: Techniques, Challenges, and Applications Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision for Ecological Informatics, 2025
NFT Security in Smart Cities: An Exploration of Challenges, Countermeasures, and Emerging Trends Kassim Kalinaki, Owais Ahmed Malik, Gusti Ahmad Fanshuri Alfarisy, Jalia Nassanga Non Fungible Tokens Nfts in Smart Cities Advancements and Security Challenges, 2025 The fusion of blockchain technologies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) into smart city ecosystems presents new security challenges, impeding the widespread adoption of NFT in urban settings. Accordingly, this study comprehensively reviews the cybersecurity aspects surrounding NFTs within smart city environments. Firstly, a discussion of the various applications of NFTs in smart cities is provided. This is followed by an exploration of the unique cybersecurity vulnerabilities emanating from implementing NFTs in smart city ecosystems, including data privacy issues, smart contract vulnerabilities, token theft, and the potential for market manipulation, etc. Moreover, various countermeasures and best practices to negate NFTs' cybersecurity concerns and vulnerabilities have been detailed. Finally, emerging trends in NFT security are equally also analyzed. This review study provide urban planners, policymakers, technologists, students, and researchers with a refined understanding of the cybersecurity concerns of NFT in smart cities.
Spectrum Sharing and Consensus Performance of Vehicular Networks based on Deep Multi-User Reinforcement Learning Muhammad Muzamil Aslam, Ali Tufail, Zahoor Ahmed, Kassim Kalinaki, Muhammad Nasir, Rosyzie Anna Awg Haji Mohd Apong 2023 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Autonomic and Secure Computing International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing International Conference on Cyber Science and Technology Congress Dasc Picom Cbdcom Cyberscitech 2023, 2023
Health Equity, Global Access, and the Digital Divide in Oncology W Shafik, K Kalinaki Precision Digital Oncology, 144-156 , 2027 2027
Robustness Against Adversarial Attacks and Model Security in Healthcare 5.0 and Beyond W Shafik, K Kalinaki The Convergence of Federated Learning and Healthcare 5.0 and Beyond: A New … , 2026 2026
Robustness Against Adversarial Attacks and Model Security in Healthcare 5.0 W Shafik, K Kalinaki The Convergence of Federated Learning and Healthcare 5.0 and Beyond: A New … , 2026 2026
A systematic literature review on transparency and interpretability of AI models in healthcare: taxonomies, tools, techniques, datasets, open research challenges, and future trends W Shafik, AF Hidayatullah, K Kalinaki, H Gul, RY Zakari, A Tufail Health and Technology, 1-22 , 2026 2026 Citations: 6
Using Online Predictions and Machine Learning for Fraud Detection in Online Transactions K Kalinaki, W Shafik, KE Fahim Real-Time Artificial Intelligence (AI), 193-221 , 2026 2026
AI-Driven Education: Building Skills for the Future in Brunei Darussalam A Amin, K Kalinaki Emerging Technologies and Business Development in the Tropics, 180-195 , 2026 2026
Comparative Analysis of ICT Usage in Ugandan Ministries, Departments, Agencies, and Local Governments M Nabukeera, K Kalinaki, M Matovu Global Perspectives on Digital Governance and National Transformation, 171-192 , 2026 2026
A Comparative Analysis of Generative AI Traffic Across Continents K Kalinaki, M Nabukeera, M Matovu Digital Synthetic Data and Outputs, 379-408 , 2026 2026
NFT Security in Smart Cities: An Exploration of Challenges, Countermeasures, and Emerging Trends K Kalinaki, OA Malik, GAF Alfarisy, J Nassanga Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) in Smart Cities: Advancements and Security … , 2026 2026
Building a SMART Recommendation System using Content-Based Filtering and Case-Based Reasoning Approaches to Ease Access to Medical Services in Uganda R Kisejjere, A Kakande, A Sserwadda, K Kalinaki 2025 10th International Conference on Information Technology and Digital … , 2025 2025
Enhancing Urban Mobility: A Fuzzy Logic-based Adaptive Traffic Decongestion Model for Kampala City J Nassanga, K Kalinaki, F Tushabe 2025 10th International Conference on Information Technology and Digital … , 2025 2025
Unraveling the dynamics of mobile wallets in promoting cashless tourism in Bangladesh: implementation of UTAUT2 model SMN Rayun, MA Salam, W Islam, EA Firmansyah, K Kalinaki Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 16 (5), 1046-1065 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Advances in Wildfire Spread Detection and Prediction: Techniques, Challenges, and Applications RY Zakari, K Kalinaki, ZK Lawal, N Abdulrazak Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision for Ecological Informatics, 9-35 , 2025 2025
Leveraging Remote Sensing for Agriculture Mapping: Techniques, Applications, and Future Directions RY Zakari, ZK Lawal, K Kalinaki, W Shafik Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision for Ecological Informatics, 36-66 , 2025 2025
Intelligent transportation systems: A critical review of integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and Industry 4.0 MM Aslam, W Shafik, AF Hidayatullah, K Kalinaki, H Gul, RY Zakari, ... Digital communications and networks , 2025 2025 Citations: 18
A Cybercrime Incident Response Management and Recovery Framework for Kampala Metropolitan Area A Ummusalaam, GG Ocen, D Matovu, K Kalinaki 2025 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa), 1-12 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Open Plant Species Recognition using Vision Transformer Network and Top-K Logit Disparity Score GAF Alfarisy, K Kalinaki, OA Malik, RK Putra, AA Nuryono Innovative Informatics and Artificial Intelligence Research 1 (1), 12-18 , 2025 2025
Analysis Of The Role Of Technology And Its Impact On Refugee Management In Uganda AA Alli, K Kalinaki Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences 1 (2), 47-68 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Ethical and Privacy Concerns in Bioinformatics and Cyber-Physical Systems Integration in Healthcare W Shafik, RY Zakari, K Kalinaki AI-Driven Personalized Healthcare Solutions, 333 , 2025 2025 Citations: 20
Social Engineering Attacks in Industrial Internet of Things and Smart Industry: Detection and Prevention MM Aslam, K Kalinaki, A Tufail, AGH Naim, MZ Khan, S Ali Emerging threats and countermeasures in cybersecurity, 389-412 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Internet of Forestry Things (IoFT) technologies and applications in forest management RY Zakari, W Shafik, K Kalinaki, CJ Iheaturu Advanced IoT technologies and applications in the industry 4.0 digital … , 2024 2024 Citations: 199
FCD-AttResU-Net: An improved forest change detection in Sentinel-2 satellite images using attention residual U-Net K Kalinaki, OA Malik, DTC Lai International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 122 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 55
A novel cloud enabled access control model for preserving the security and privacy of medical big data A Alabdulatif, NN Thilakarathne, K Kalinaki Electronics 12 (12), 2646 , 2023 2023 Citations: 52
Spatial-temporal mapping of forest vegetation cover changes along highways in Brunei using deep learning techniques and Sentinel-2 images K Kalinaki, OA Malik, DTC Lai, RS Sukri, RBHA Wahab Ecological Informatics 77, 102193 , 2023 2023 Citations: 48
Artificial intelligence of internet of medical things (AIoMT) in smart cities: a review of cybersecurity for smart healthcare K Kalinaki, M Fahadi, AA Alli, W Shafik, M Yasin, N Mutwalibi Handbook of security and privacy of ai-enabled healthcare systems and … , 2023 2023 Citations: 45
Handbook of Security and Privacy of AI-Enabled Healthcare Systems and Internet of Medical Things AL Imoize, VE Balas, VK Solanki, CC Lee, MS Obaidat CRC press , 2023 2023 Citations: 43
Cybersafe capabilities and utilities for smart cities K Kalinaki, NN Thilakarathne, HR Mubarak, OA Malik, M Abdullatif Cybersecurity for Smart Cities: Practices and Challenges, 71-86 , 2023 2023 Citations: 40
Computer Vision and Machine Learning for Smart Farming and Agriculture Practices K Kalinaki, W Shafik, TJL Gutu, OA Malik Artificial Intelligence Tools and Technologies for Smart Farming and … , 2023 2023 Citations: 40
Safeguarding Data Privacy and Security in Federated Learning Systems W Shafik, K Kalinaki, KE Fahim, M Adam Federated Deep Learning for Healthcare, 170-190 , 2024 2024 Citations: 38
Digital competence in islamic education for lifelong learning: Preliminary analysis using DigComp 2.1 framework MS Abubakari, K Kalinaki Embracing technological advancements for lifelong learning, 1-31 , 2024 2024 Citations: 37
Electronic devices in the artificial intelligence of the internet of medical things (AIoMT) KE Fahim, K Kalinaki, W Shafik Handbook of security and privacy of AI-enabled healthcare systems and … , 2023 2023 Citations: 36
Secure Fog-Cloud of Things: Architectures, Opportunities and Challenges AA Alli, K Kassim, N Mutwalibi, H Hamid, L Ibrahim Secure Edge Computing, 3-20 , 2021 2021 Citations: 35
Smart city ecosystem: An exploration of requirements, architecture, applications, security, and emerging motivations W Shafik, K Kalinaki Handbook of Research on Network-Enabled IoT Applications for Smart City … , 2023 2023 Citations: 29
Human-centered approaches in industry 5.0: Human-machine interaction, virtual reality training, and customer sentiment analysis: Human-machine interaction, virtual reality … A Hassan, PK Dutta, S Gupta, E Mattar, S Singh IGI Global , 2024 2024 Citations: 27
Assessing digital competence in higher education: A gender analysis of DigComp 2.1 framework in Uganda MS Abubakari, GAN Zakaria, J Musa, K Kalinaki SAGA: Journal of Technology and Information System 1 (4), 114-120 , 2023 2023 Citations: 27
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Computer Vision (CV) in Healthcare Systems W Shafik, AF Hidayatullah, K Kalinaki, MM Aslam Computer Vision and AI-Integrated IoT Technologies in the Medical Ecosystem … , 2024 2024 Citations: 26
Handbook of Research on Network-Enabled IoT Applications for Smart City Services K Reddy, DS Roy, TK Mishra, MW Hussain IGI global , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
Digital Technologies in Modeling and Management: Insights in Education and Industry: Insights in Education and Industry GS Prakasha, M Lapina, D Balakrishnan, M Sajid IGI Global , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
Validating the digital competence (Dig-Comp 2.1) framework in higher education using confirmatory factor analysis: Non-Western Perspective MS Abubakari, GAN Zakaria, J Musa, K Kalinaki Canadian Journal of Educational and Social Studies 3 (6), 15-26 , 2023 2023 Citations: 23
Artificial intelligence for improved maternal healthcare: a systematic literature review M Chemisto, TJL Gutu, K Kalinaki, DM Bosco, P Egau, K Fred, IT Oloya, ... 2023 Ieee Africon, 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 23
