Tissue paper from cabbage leaf – waste paper mixtures Muthumari Perumal, Varalakshmi Varatharajan, Senthil kumaar Jayalakshmi Sellappan, Kiruthick Balu Kaliraj, Madhavan Seenivasan Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 2025 Wood has traditionally been the primary raw material for papermaking, but its use contributes to deforestation. Vegetable waste offers a sustainable alternative for the paper industry. This study explores the potential of cabbage waste combined with wastepaper in varying compositions (20–100 wt% at 20 wt% intervals) for paper production. The prepared tissue papers were evaluated for grammage, thickness, tensile strength, burst strength, moisture content, and FTIR analysis. Results showed that increasing cabbage leaf content led to a decrease in grammage and thickness indicating reduced fibre density and increased porosity. The optimum tensile strength (3.33 Nm/g) and burst strength (6 kPa m 2 /g) were observed at 60 wt% cabbage leaves, suggesting enhanced fibre bonding and structural integrity at this composition. Beyond this threshold, mechanical properties declined due to weaker fibre interactions. Moisture content increased up to 60 wt% (7.4 %), then decreased at higher cabbage leaf proportions, balancing water retention and porosity. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of cellulose fibers and polysaccharide functional groups in the prepared tissue paper. The obtained results showed that 60 wt% cabbage leaf mixtures provide an optimal combination of strength, flexibility, and moisture control, making them suitable for tissue paper applications.
Multi Response Optimization of Machining Heat Treated Aluminium Alloy Using Desirability Approach D. Sundarrajan, J. S. Senthil Kumaar, A. Muthiah, A. Manikandan, N. S. Sivakumar SAE Technical Papers, 2024 <div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Aluminium alloys enrolled their applications in automobile sectors, agricultural equipment, machine tools and aerospace because of their weight-to-strength ratio. Aluminium alloy 7075-T651 is an inevitable material used in engineering sectors. Turning is a metal removal process, to obtain net geometrical aspects and better surface finish of the products. The machinability of the turning operation is based on different factors; however, turning factors and material of tool plays a significant position in the turning process. To identify the truthful cutting parameters to achieve multi-responses in turning operation, the experiment was designed via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Central Composite Design (CCD) and the experimental results are analyzed under the desirability approach. By trialing 26 interpretations in the desirability approach; the optimal cutting parameter settings of speed 800 rpm, feed rate 0.140315 mm/rev and depth of cut 0.3501 mm have been revealed to enhance surface roughness (SR) and metal removal rate (MRR).The confirmation test addresses better agreement with the predicted value of responses, the result of the investigation directed to the industries for the variant aluminium alloy parts manufacturing.</div></div>
Review on Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Metals S. Thamizhmanii, E. Ravikumar, J.S. Senthilkumar, A. Karpagaraj Advances in Science and Technology, 2023 Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid–state joining process that is increasingly being used in various industrial applications due to its numerous advantages over conventional welding techniques. FSW uses a non-consumable rotating tool to generate frictional heat and plasticize the material in the joint, resulting in a defect-free, high-quality bond between two pieces of metal without the need for any filler material or shielding gas. The process is particularly well-suited for welding lightweight and high-strength materials, such as aluminium, magnesium and titanium and is known for its ability to produce joints with superior mechanical properties, including high fatigue strength and improved corrosion resistance. This paper addresses the need for future development in Friction Stir Welding.
Thermal performance enhancement of compound parabolic concentrator solar collector using latent heat thermal energy storage Chinnathambi Natesamurthi, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Satchisathiya Christopher, Karachangal S. Raghavan, Jayalakshmi S. Senthilkumaar Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2022 Employment of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) solar collector with evacuated tubes enables effective collection of solar energy. The main objective of the present experimental work is to investigate thermal performance of CPC solar collector coupled with sensible and latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) system. Depending on obtained thermal stratification in sensible TES system, a commercial phase change material (PCM)—OM 65 has been selected and packed only at top quarter section of the TES system. Results showed an appreciable cumulative energy storage of 21 MJ d−1 due to existence of desired temperature driving potential during charging. A higher thermal stratification has been achieved in latent heat TES system, reducing the “MIX” number and supplying the heat transfer fluid at lower temperature to the collector. Due to enhanced useful heat energy gained, thermal efficiency of CPC collector reaches a maximum of 49% while coupling with latent heat TES system. The outcome of the study highlights the potential role of CPC and PCMs in solar thermal system, particularly for water heating applications.
Synthesis of electrical discharge metal matrix composite coating through compacted semi-sintered electrode and its tribological studies Ilangovan Arun, C. Yuvaraj, P. Selvarani, J. S. Senthilkumaar, S. Thamizhmanii, P. Muruganandam Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2019 Electric discharge coating is an alternative process for surface modification/alloying/coating requirements to improve mechanical and metallurgical properties of the materials. The high-pressure compacted electrode is made of the semi-sintered nickel and tungsten during the electric discharging process which influences the material migration towards substrate. In this proecess addtiton of pyrolysis carbon from dielectric togeather with the alloying elements and substrate material results in formation of metal matrix composite coating. It depended on the stabilization pressure of spark which increases the deposition rate of alloying materials and reduces the carbon, brittleness, cracks, voids, blowhole on the surface and made the layer to be desired metallurgical properties. Modified layer shows higher in hardness value of 1100 HV0.5 and reduction in specific wear to 0.082 × 10−5 mm3/Nm compared with uncoated substrate material. Inclusion of the alloying material and reduction of the carbon percentage consequences in self-lubricant properties which alter the wear rate and coefficient of friction. Surfaces topography obtained during alloying, material migration and the mechanism have been characterized through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The wear behaviour has been analysed by using pin-on-disc tribometer.
Influence of helix twisted tape on heat transfer and friction factor in forced circulation V-trough solar water heater A. Saravanan, J. S. Senthilkumaar, S. Jaisankar, J. Ananth International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2019 The effect of helix twisted tape with several twist ratios (Y = 3, 4, 5 and 6) in a V-trough solar water heater for enhancing heat transfer, thermal performance and the friction factor has been examined experimentally in forced circulation with the Reynolds number ranging from 3000 to 23,000. The experimental results of plain V-trough solar collector (PVT) fitted with the standard equations and the variation in the Nusselt number are ±7.23% and the variation in friction factor is about ±5.91%. The PVT has been compared with plain flat plate (PFP) collector. The obtained result shows that the average Nusselt number of PVT performs better than PFP by 8.4%. This is owing to the additional reflectors, reflection of the solar incident rays to the receiver plate, which tend to rise in the temperature gradient of water inlet and outlet of the system. The thermal performance has been increased further by inserting the helix twisted tape with several twist ratios and the results are also presented. The minimum twist ratio 3 provides a higher heat transfer rate and friction factor owing to the increase in the hydraulic length and swirl flow. The experimental Nusselt number and friction factor are correlated and the deficiency falls ±6.44% and ±11.91%, respectively.
Effect of feed rate on difficult to cut metals on surface roughness and tool wear using surface treated and untreated tools S. Thamizhmanii, C. Yuvaraj, J.S. Senthilkumar, Arun I, Sulaiman Procedia Manufacturing, 2019 Machining is a process of removing unwanted material by the effective use of cutting tools to reduce the lead time. The material like Titanium, Stain steel and Inconel are considered difficult to cut metals. The difficult to cut metals require tough cutting edges to reduce the tool wear and to get smooth surface finish and product size. The cutting tools are required to be tough enough to resist wear by surface treatment like cryogenic treatment. In this research, CBN cutting inserts was used. The CBN tools was kept in nitrogen atmosphere at -176 degree centigrade in closed chamber for more than 36 hours to produce tough cutting edge, which is known as cryogenic process. In this research, treated CBN cutting tools used to turn Titanium and Inconel 718 materials. The operating parameters used were cutting speeds of 30, 40 and 50 m/min, feed rates of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mm /rev and depths of cut of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00 mm. The treated cutting inserts produced less flank wear and smooth surface roughness compared to un-treated tools. The crater wear is not in the scope of this research.
Experimental investigation of process parameters during environment friendly turning process Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2018
Effect of feed rate and constant D.O.P. by burnishing process on non-ferrous metals Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
An experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with blends of cottonseed oil methyl ester with cold and hot EGR M.R. Subbarayan, J.S. Senthil Kumaar International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2017 An experimental investigation of diesel engine using cottonseed oil biodiesel and its blends with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) techniques has been carried out. An optimum nozzle opening pressure of 250 bar and lower static injection timing of 20° before top dead centre (bTDC) are considered because it has been observed that these conditions only give minimum emissions. From the test results, it could be noted that there is an increasing trend of emission characteristics of HC, smoke density and NOx for both cold and hot EGR for all blends of fuel with respect to brake power. As compared with cold EGR, the hot EGR gives lower emissions at all loads. In hot EGR, among the blends, at no-load and full-load conditions, the B100 gives the highest reduction in NOx of 14.23% and 7.91%, respectively. However, the use of EGR leads to a rise in soot emission because of soot–NOx trade-off for both the cases.
An approach for exhaust gas energy recovery and performance improvement of a di diesel engine with heat exchanger International Journal of Energy Environment and Economics, 2015
A stduy on disposal and treatment of tannery waste from leather industries by Common Effluent Treatment Plant at Ranipet, Tamilnadu, India Pollution Research, 2014
Water quality assesment of raw sewage and final treated water with special reference to sewage water treatment plant Nesapakkam, Tamilnadu, India Pollution Research, 2014
Analysis of flank wear and chip morphology when machining super duplex stainless steel in a gas cooled environment International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2013
