A Novel Model Chain for Analysing the Performance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) Systems Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Miguel Centeno Brito, Marzia Traverso, Silvia Licciardi, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2025 This study proposes a novel framework for analyzing Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) systems, integrating optical, thermal, and electrical models. The model modifies existing fixed PV methodologies for VIPV applications to assess received irradiance, PV module temperature, and energy production, and is available as an open-source MATLAB tool (VIPVLIB) enabling simulations via a smartphone. A key innovation is the integration of meteorological data and real-time driving, dynamically updating vehicle position and orientation every second. Different time resolutions were explored to balance accuracy and computational efficiency for optical model, while the thermal model, enhanced by vehicle speed, wind effects, and thermal inertia, improved temperature and power predictions. Validation on a minibus operating within the University of Palermo campus confirmed the applicability of the proposed framework. The roof received 45–47% of total annual irradiation, and the total yearly energy yield reached about 4.3 MWh/Year for crystalline-silicon, 3.7 MWh/Year for CdTe, and 3.1 MWh/Year for CIGS, with the roof alone producing up to 2.1 MWh/Year (c-Si). Under hourly operation, the generated solar energy was sufficient to fully meet daily demand from April to August, while during continuous operation it supplied up to 60% of total consumption. The corresponding CO2-emission reduction ranged from about 3.5 ton/Year for internal-combustion vehicles to around 2 ton/Year for electric ones. The framework provides a structured, data-driven approach for VIPV analysis, capable of simulating dynamic optical, thermal, and electrical behaviors under actual driving conditions. Its modular architecture ensures both immediate applicability and long-term adaptability, serving as a solid foundation for advanced VIPV design, fleet-scale optimization, and sustainability-oriented policy assessment.
Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) for Sustainable Airports: A Flexible Framework for Performance Assessment Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Miguel Centeno Brito, Giulia Marcon, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola Sustainability Switzerland, 2025 Airports are among the most energy-intensive infrastructures, and the decarbonization of ground operations is essential to achieving sustainable aviation goals. Vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) offers a promising strategy to complement electrification by enabling on-board renewable generation. While previous studies have mainly focused on fixed PV installations such as rooftops or carports, the potential of VIPV in airports has largely been overlooked, and no structured methodology has been established to investigate it. This study addresses this gap by proposing a two-scenario framework for assessing VIPV performance. The first scenario, named the Generalized Approach, estimates annual energy production based on irradiance data, vehicle surface area, and driving-to-standby ratios. The second scenario, named the Data-Driven Approach, incorporates detailed GPS-based driving data to capture the dynamic effects of orientation, speed, and operating conditions. Applied to European and Middle Eastern airports, the framework showed that VIPV could cover 1700–5500 km/year for buses, 650–5000 km/year for minibuses, and 840–6180 km/year for luggage tractors, with avoided emissions strongly influenced by local grid intensity. Grid parity analysis indicated favorable conditions in sunny, high-cost electricity markets. The framework is transferable to other VIPV applications and provides a practical tool for evaluating their technical, environmental, and economic potential.
Evaluating the Role of Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) Systems in a Disaster Context Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Antonino Imburgia, Silvia Licciardi, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2025 This study focuses on Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) strategy adopted as an energy supply vector in disaster scenarios. As a matter of fact, energy supply may be a very critical issue in a disaster context, when grid networks may be damaged. Emergency vehicles, including ambulances and trucks, as well as mobile units such as containers and operating rooms, can be equipped with photovoltaic modules and can serve as mobile emergency energy sources, supporting both vehicle operations and disaster relief efforts. A methodology was developed to estimate energy production under unpredictable disaster conditions, by adapting existing VIPV simulation approaches. Obtained results show that VIPV strategy, even under minimal daily energy generation, can be a useful aid for disaster resilience and emergency prompt response. Ambulance performance, analyzed for worst-case scenarios (e.g., December), shows that they can power medical devices for 1 to 15 h daily. Additionally, the ambulance can generate up to 2 MWh annually, reducing CO2 emissions by up to 0.5 tons. In optimal configurations, mobile operating rooms can generate up to 120 times the daily energy demand for medical devices.
A New Path to Airport Sustainability: Exploring the Technical and Economic Viability of VIPV Systems Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Miguel Centeno Brito, Silvia Licciardi, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola 2025 6th International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering Cgee 2025, 2025 Airports are among the major electricity consumers and play a key role in aviation decarbonization strategies. While fixed photovoltaic (PV) systems at airports have been extensively studied, the application of vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) in airport ground vehicles remains largely underexplored. This study evaluates the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of installing PV panels on the roofs of buses, minibuses, and luggage trucks. A combined assessment of geographic and temporal variations in carbon intensity across multiple European cities is employed to estimate avoided emissions. Grid parity is evaluated using location-specific electricity prices and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) calculations. The analysis also compares vehicle types to identify those most suitable for VIPV integration, considering energy yield, technical constraints, and costeffectiveness. By considering all these factors, the study demonstrates that VIPV can make a significant contribution, even in moderate climates such as Copenhagen.
Driving Toward Sustainability: Evaluating Solar-Assisted Shuttle Buses Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Miguel Centeno Bríto, Silvia Licciardi, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University Rtucon, 2025 This study evaluates the potential of VehicleIntegrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) to improve the energy and environmental performance of airport shuttle buses. Using the Charleroi Airport-Brussels South Station route as a case study, simulations were performed across different seasons and route segments, highway, semi-urban, and urban, to assess the impact of driving conditions, solar position, and shading. Results showed significant variation in energy output and module temperature. Under the defined operational scenario, the VIPV system could generate around 3.5 MWh annually. For an internal combustion engine (ICE) bus, this corresponds to yearly savings of 1141 liters of diesel, 3 tons of CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions, and approximately € 1916 in fuel costs.
Energy Production and Emission Reduction Potential of VIPV Systems for Urban Trams Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Miguel Centeno Brito, Silvia Licciardi, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University Rtucon, 2025 This study evaluates the feasibility of integrating photovoltaic (PV) panels into tram roofs, using Line 1 of the Palermo tram network in Italy as a case study. Solar irradiance was modeled dynamically based on tram motion data and meteorological inputs to estimate the energy yield from two PV technologies: crystalline silicon (c-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). The results indicate that c-Si and CIGS modules can produce up to approximately 256 kWh/year and 177 kWh/year per square meter of installed PV, respectively. Environmental benefits were quantified in terms of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. Economic viability was assessed using a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) approach, considering grid parity under local electricity rates. Assuming an electricity price of 0.26 €/kWh and a 10-year system lifetime, the maximum system prices to reach grid parity were calculated as 2.608 €/$W_{p}$ for c-Si and 2.503 €/$W_{{p}}$ for CIGS.
Solar Mobility for Urban Transit: Performance and Feasibility of VIPV in Bus Fleets Hamid Samadi, Guido Ala, Miguel Centeno Brito, Marcello Marchese, Silvia Licciardi, Pietro Romano, Fabio Viola International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University Rtucon, 2025 This study assesses the potential of vehicleintegrated photovoltaics (VIPV) for public transport buses through a case study in Palermo, Italy. Using high-resolution operational data and a dedicated optical-thermal-electrical modeling chain, irradiance, module temperature, and energy yields were estimated for different bus surfaces and sizes. Results show that VIPV can supply a meaningful share of energy demand, reduce emissions, and achieve competitive electricity costs compared to grid supply and charging tariffs, highlighting its value for sustainable urban mobility and its relevance for planning strategies in dense urban areas.
Long Short Term Memory Neural Network and Energy Applications in the Smart Grid Framework Silvia Licciardi, Guido Ala, Elisa Francomano, Pietro Catrini, Maurizio La Villetta, Rossano Musca, Antonio Piacentino, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Hamid Samadi 8th IEEE International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Innovation Rtsi 2024 Proceeding, 2024 The research is focused on implementing neural network architectures in the field of Deep Learning for various applications involving energy context. In particular, recurrent neural networks (RNN) of type Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) have been studied for the classification of signals and are being upgraded, with particular attention to the augmentation of the dataset in order to obtain a wider ability of generalization of the results from the obtained nets, with suitable hyperparameters, choice of the more effective layers and relative options of training.
Nano/micro-beam deflections: Investigation of subjected forces and applications Nikta Shamsmohammadi, Hamid Samadi, Mohammad Rahimzadeh, Zohreh Asadi, Davood Domiri Ganji Physics Open, 2023 Micro- and Nano beam MEMS devices possess a broad range of applications owing to their capability to produce precise mechanical motion and sensing capabilities at a small scale. In the field of biomedicine, these devices have been employed in applications such as tissue engineering, lab-on-a-chip systems, and implantable devices. Medical devices, particularly those involved in drug delivery, are significantly impacted by the forces applied to them. Therefore, it is imperative to carefully evaluate the effects of axial force and optimize the device's design to ensure that it can endure the forces it will encounter during operation. Despite being relatively weak, the van der Waals force warrants careful consideration when working at the micro- and nanoscales. In this research, the nonlinear equation obtained by the Galerkin method for a doubly clamped nano/micro-beam under the effect of Van der Waals (vdW) force was solved. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and the Akbari Ganji Method (AGM) are introduced to investigate the nonlinear problem in this paper analytically. To validate and investigate the accuracy of the AG and HP methods, the obtained results were compared to the Runge-Kutta approach. The obtained results for all data sets showed the high accuracy of the AG and HP methods. Also, this paper investigated the effect of axial force N on beam type N/MEMS deflection. The axial force N effect in both tensional (N > 0) and compressive (N < 0) modes has been investigated. Due to the obtained results, increasing the axial force compressively increases the deflection of the beam. However, this trend is reversed for the tensional axial force.
Deep Learning for Smart Grid and Energy Context Guido Ala, Pietro Catrini, Mariano G. Ippolito, Maurizio La Villetta, Silvia Licciardi, Rossano Musca, Antonio Piacentino, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Hamid Samadi Conference Proceedings 2023 IEEE Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering Eee Am 2023, 2023
FOTOVOLTAICO INTEGRATO NEL VEICOLO (VIPV): DAI FRAMEWORK DI MODELLAZIONE ALLE APPLICAZIONI DEL MONDO REALE H Samadi Università degli Studi di Salerno , 2026 2026
A Novel Model Chain for Analysing the Performance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) Systems H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, M Traverso, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal 16 (11), 619 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Solar Mobility for Urban Transit: Performance and Feasibility of VIPV in Bus Fleets H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, M Marchese, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 IEEE 66th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical … , 2025 2025
Energy Production and Emission Reduction Potential of VIPV Systems for Urban Trams H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 IEEE 66th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical … , 2025 2025
Driving Toward Sustainability: Evaluating Solar-Assisted Shuttle Buses H Samadi, G Ala, MC Bríto, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 IEEE 66th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical … , 2025 2025
Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) for Sustainable Airports: A Flexible Framework for Performance Assessment H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, G Marcon, P Romano, F Viola Sustainability 17 (20), 9246 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
A New Path to Airport Sustainability: Exploring the Technical and Economic Viability of VIPV Systems H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 6th International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Evaluating the role of vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) systems in a disaster context H Samadi, G Ala, A Imburgia, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal 16 (4), 190 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Long Short Term Memory Neural Network and Energy Applications in the Smart Grid Framework S Licciardi, G Ala, E Francomano, P Catrini, M La Villetta, R Musca, ... 2024 IEEE 8th Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Cooling performance of sliver solar cells in low concentration PV system with ribbed-groove mini-channel heat sink MS Fard, M Rahimi, Y Pahamli, H Samadi, R Bahrampoury International Journal of Thermal Sciences 200, 108955 , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
Nano/micro-beam deflections: Investigation of subjected forces and applications N Shamsmohammadi, H Samadi, M Rahimzadeh, Z Asadi, DD Ganji Physics Open 17, 100191 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Deep Learning for Smart Grid and Energy Context G Ala, P Catrini, MG Ippolito, M La Villetta, S Licciardi, R Musca, ... 2023 Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEE-AM), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Potential and Methods of Integrating Solar Cells into Vehicles H Samadi, G Ala, VL Brano, P Romano, F Viola, R Miceli 2023 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), 715-720 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Investigation of effective factors on vehicles integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) performance: a review H Samadi, G Ala, V Lo Brano, P Romano, F Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal 14 (6), 154 , 2023 2023 Citations: 43
Thermohydraulic performance of new minichannel heat sink with grooved barriers H Samadi, MJ Hosseini, AA Ranjbar, Y Pahamli International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 144, 106753 , 2023 2023 Citations: 19
Improving the efficiency of a cantilever energy scavenger M Rahimzadeh, H Samadi, N Shams Mohammadi Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment 10 (1), 59-67 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
An analytical investigation and comparison of oscillating systems with nonlinear behavior using AGM and HPM H Samadi, NS Mohammadi, M Shamoushaki, Z Asadi, DD Ganji Alexandria Engineering Journal 61 (11), 8987-8996 , 2022 2022 Citations: 20
Investigation of The Electromagnetic Force Effect in N/MEMS Switch by Homotopy Perturbation Method. NS Mohammadi, H Samadi, M Rahimzadeh, Z Asadi, DD Ganji Journal of Practical Social Psychology 12 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Analysis of energy harvesting enhancement in piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers M Rahimzadeh, H Samadi, NS Mohammadi Sensors 21 (24), 8463 , 2021 2021 Citations: 27
Investigating the Effect of Proof Mass on the Performance of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester H Samadi, M Rahimzadeh, NS Mohammadi Manufacturing Engineering - ICME , 2021 2021
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Investigation of effective factors on vehicles integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) performance: a review H Samadi, G Ala, V Lo Brano, P Romano, F Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal 14 (6), 154 , 2023 2023 Citations: 43
Analysis of energy harvesting enhancement in piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers M Rahimzadeh, H Samadi, NS Mohammadi Sensors 21 (24), 8463 , 2021 2021 Citations: 27
Cooling performance of sliver solar cells in low concentration PV system with ribbed-groove mini-channel heat sink MS Fard, M Rahimi, Y Pahamli, H Samadi, R Bahrampoury International Journal of Thermal Sciences 200, 108955 , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
An analytical investigation and comparison of oscillating systems with nonlinear behavior using AGM and HPM H Samadi, NS Mohammadi, M Shamoushaki, Z Asadi, DD Ganji Alexandria Engineering Journal 61 (11), 8987-8996 , 2022 2022 Citations: 20
Thermohydraulic performance of new minichannel heat sink with grooved barriers H Samadi, MJ Hosseini, AA Ranjbar, Y Pahamli International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 144, 106753 , 2023 2023 Citations: 19
Evaluating the role of vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) systems in a disaster context H Samadi, G Ala, A Imburgia, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal 16 (4), 190 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Potential and Methods of Integrating Solar Cells into Vehicles H Samadi, G Ala, VL Brano, P Romano, F Viola, R Miceli 2023 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), 715-720 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Nano/micro-beam deflections: Investigation of subjected forces and applications N Shamsmohammadi, H Samadi, M Rahimzadeh, Z Asadi, DD Ganji Physics Open 17, 100191 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Improving the efficiency of a cantilever energy scavenger M Rahimzadeh, H Samadi, N Shams Mohammadi Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment 10 (1), 59-67 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) for Sustainable Airports: A Flexible Framework for Performance Assessment H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, G Marcon, P Romano, F Viola Sustainability 17 (20), 9246 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Deep Learning for Smart Grid and Energy Context G Ala, P Catrini, MG Ippolito, M La Villetta, S Licciardi, R Musca, ... 2023 Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEE-AM), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Long Short Term Memory Neural Network and Energy Applications in the Smart Grid Framework S Licciardi, G Ala, E Francomano, P Catrini, M La Villetta, R Musca, ... 2024 IEEE 8th Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
A Novel Model Chain for Analysing the Performance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) Systems H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, M Traverso, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola World Electric Vehicle Journal 16 (11), 619 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
A New Path to Airport Sustainability: Exploring the Technical and Economic Viability of VIPV Systems H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 6th International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Investigation of The Electromagnetic Force Effect in N/MEMS Switch by Homotopy Perturbation Method. NS Mohammadi, H Samadi, M Rahimzadeh, Z Asadi, DD Ganji Journal of Practical Social Psychology 12 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
FOTOVOLTAICO INTEGRATO NEL VEICOLO (VIPV): DAI FRAMEWORK DI MODELLAZIONE ALLE APPLICAZIONI DEL MONDO REALE H Samadi Università degli Studi di Salerno , 2026 2026
Solar Mobility for Urban Transit: Performance and Feasibility of VIPV in Bus Fleets H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, M Marchese, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 IEEE 66th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical … , 2025 2025
Energy Production and Emission Reduction Potential of VIPV Systems for Urban Trams H Samadi, G Ala, MC Brito, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 IEEE 66th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical … , 2025 2025
Driving Toward Sustainability: Evaluating Solar-Assisted Shuttle Buses H Samadi, G Ala, MC Bríto, S Licciardi, P Romano, F Viola 2025 IEEE 66th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical … , 2025 2025
Investigating the Effect of Proof Mass on the Performance of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester H Samadi, M Rahimzadeh, NS Mohammadi Manufacturing Engineering - ICME , 2021 2021
