EXPLORING THE DIVERSE PHYTOCHEMICALS AND POTENT ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN BEE HONEY T. M. Fakih, L. Jamilah, L. Dzulhijjah, A. Fristiohady, J. J. Sodik, A. F. Hidayat, B. P. Soewondo, G. C. E. Darma Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2024 Honey cultivation in the Bandung Regency area has been growing. However, it has not been equipped with scientific data regarding the characteristics of several types of cultivated honey. The study aims to ascertain the physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of honey extracts. Honey samples underwent extraction through a centrifugation process, followed by concentration using a rotary evaporator, and subsequent phytochemical screening. The determination of total phenolic content utilized the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid as a reference. The total flavonoid content was determined by comparing it with quercetin using an AlCl3 reagent. Antioxidant activity was assessed through the radical scavenging test of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with vitamin C serving as a reference. Phytochemical screening results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins in the honey extract. Apis mellifera honey extract exhibited a total polyphenol content of 647.128 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 54.482 mg QE/g. Meanwhile, Trigona sarawakensis honey extract displayed a total polyphenol content of 526.156 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 42.374 mg QE/g. The free radical scavenging test (DPPH) yielded IC50 values of 7.95 µg/mL (Apis mellifera), 6.73 µg/mL (Trigona sarawakensis), and 4.45 µg/mL (vitamin C). These findings suggest that honey extract holds potential for development as a drug candidate for preventing or treating diseases linked to oxidative stress.
The in vitro equivalence study of polymorph - modified glimepiride tablets compared to Amaryl¯ Fitrianti Darusman, Taofik Rusdiana, Iyan Sopyan, Ratih Aryani, Gita Cahya Eka Darma Pharmacia, 2023 Glimepiride (GMP) is an oral antidiabetic drug classified as BCS class II, demonstrating extremely limited solubility, with a solubility level below 0.00384 mg/mL. Some generic drug manufacturers producing GMP (copy product) tablets encountered bioavailability issues due to poor dissolution, which did not meet the requirements. Therefore, measures were taken to enhance solubility through the modification of polymorphs. It is known that GMP exists in two polymorphic forms, namely Form I and an alternative Form II, which exhibits higher solubility in water. This study aims to produce and characterize the polymorph-modified GMP compared to non-modified GMP, develop an optimal formulation for polymorph-modified GMP tablets that adhere to pharmaceutical requirements as a representative copy drug model, and determine its similarity factor to Amaryl® as the innovator. The research methodology involved initiating the study by examining the polymorph transformation of GMP through the utilization of techniques such as neat grinding, solvent drop grinding, and solvent evaporation. The resulting samples were characterized using DSC, PXRD, and SEM analysis. The performance assessment encompassed the evaluation of flow properties, compressibility index, solubility, and dissolution rate compared to the non-modified GMP. Based on the characterization results, the best polymorph-modified GMP sample was used to produce a tablet formulation containing 4 mg of GMP using the direct compression method as a copy tablet model. In vitro equivalence testing was performed using a comparative dissolution test on the polymorph-modified GMP tablet compared to its innovator, Amaryl® 4 mg, in three different dissolution media, followed by determining the equivalence status using the similarity factor (f2) calculation. Based on the screening results of polymorph transformation, it was determined that the polymorph-modified GMP, using all three techniques, did not undergo a transition from Form I to Form II. Instead, it underwent amorphization, primarily observed in the solvent evaporation technique. Tablets containing polymorph-modified GMP using the solvent evaporation technique were able to enhance the in vitro dissolution rate profile compared to non-modified GMP tablets. The f2 values for the comparative in vitro dissolution test in acetate buffer pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were 60.15 ± 0.27 and 88 ± 0.35, respectively within acceptance criteria of 50–100. However, in KCl/HCl buffer pH 1.2, the f2 value was 45.15 ± 0.23. It was concluded that the polymorph-modified GMP tablet was not similar to its innovator, Amaryl®.
Effect of solid lipid nanoparticles system on the stability of Green Tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) extract as sunscreen R Aryani, A F Hidayat, G C E Darma, O Utami Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2019 Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is known to have activity as antioxidant and sunscreen due to its catechin compound. The major catechin-derived compound is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). However, EGCG in green tea leaves is unstable due to its rapid degradation and large molecular mass of 458 daltons, making it difficult to penetrate the skin. The purpose of this research is to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of green tea leaves ethanol extract using high speed homogenization and sonication method, as well as to evaluate SLN ability in improving extract stability as sunscreen using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. SLN formula contained 0,1% green tea leaves ethanol extract, and the most optimal formula was composed of 4% lipid (Precirol ATO 5:Gelucire 44/14) 4:1 and 1% Kolliphor P188 as surfactant. Characterization results showed particle size of 286.7 nm, polydispersity index 0.296, and zeta potential -3.7 mV. Photostability test using 120-minutes irradiation showed decrease in percentage of DPPH free radicals damping at 5.34% extract and 1.77% SLN for UVA, and 7.7% extract and 2.34% SLN for UVB.
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Formulation of peel-off facial mask from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana linn.) SE Priani, I Irawati, GCE Darma Indones J Pharm Sci Technol 2 (3), 90-5 , 2015 2015 Citations: 10
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Karakterisasi Fisik Scoby (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria And Yeast) Teh Hitam dalam Menyerap Eksudat Luka S Rahmadani, GCE Darma, F Darusman Prosiding Farmasi 7 (2), 292-298 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
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