I’m a biostatistician with a PhD in Biostatistics from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, along with a master's in Medical Statistics from the same university and a bachelor's in Statistics from the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Multidisciplinary
29
Scopus Publications
5829
Scholar Citations
22
Scholar h-index
26
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 , Cecilia Anza-Ramirez, J. Jaime Miranda, Benedetta Armocida, Jorge César Correia, Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall, David Beran, Amirali Aali, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Semagn Mekonnen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, Ame Mehadi Abdurehman, Getachew Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Vida Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R. M. Abrigo, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Juan Manuel Acuna, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Giovanni Addolorato, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo, Victor Adekanmbi, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Gina Agarwal, Prerna Agarwal, Pradyumna Agasthi, Anurag Agrawal, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Janardhana P. Aithala, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Yibeltal Akelew, Meisam Akhlaghdoust, Addis Aklilu, Maxwell Akonde, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Manjurul Alam, Nazmul Alam, Samiah Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M. Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Astawus Alemayehu, Birhanu Alamirew Alamirew Alemu, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Khalid F. Alhabib, Noora Alhajri, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Shohreh Alian Samakkhah, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Yousef Alimohamadi, Adel Al-Jumaily, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, François Alla, Mohammed J. Almalki, Sadeq Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Jordi Alonso, Nivaldo Alonso, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T. Amare, Hiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Afreenish Amir, Hoda Amiri, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, John H. Amuasi, Dickson A. Amugsi, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Tadele Fentabil Anagaw, Julio Ancochea, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Sofia Androudi, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Amir Anoushiravani, Adnan Ansar, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Davood Anvari, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Stella Apostolaki, Francis Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Demelash Areda, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Zeleke Gebru Argaw, Hany Ariffin, Johan Ärnlöv, Renato Arruda, Muhammad Arshad, Al Artaman, Anton A. Artamonov, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Krishna K. Aryal, Zahra Aryan, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Zatollah Asemi, Saeed Asgary, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Tahira Ashraf, Ashagre Molla Assaye, Thomas Astell-Burt, Mahshid Ataei, Zahra Atafar, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Madhu Sudhan Atteraya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Abolfazl Avan, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Alemu Degu Ayele, Meshesha Tsegazeab Ayele, Birhanu Ayelign, Olatunde O. Ayinde, Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Amirhesam Babajani, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D. Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Jennifer L. Baker, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Asaminew Birhanu Balta, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Amitava Banerjee, Indrajit Banerjee, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Abere Tilahun Bantie, Mainak Bardhan, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Sandra Barteit, Lingkan Barua, Azadeh Bashiri, Pritish Baskaran, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Bernhard T. Baune, Neeraj Bedi, Tahmina Begum, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Hailu B. Y. Belay, Moges Mareg Belay, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Michelle L. Bell, Luis Belo, Salaheddine Bendak, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Habib Benzian, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Adam E. Berman, Robert S. Bernstein, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhat, Suraj Bhattarai, Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja, Boris Bikbov, Corey B. Bills, Antonio Biondi, Setognal Birara, Atanu Biswas, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Saeid Bitaraf, Oleg Blyuss, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Virginia Bodolica, Hunduma Amensisa Bojia, Archith Boloor, João Silva Botelho, Souad Bouaoud, Rupert Bourne, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Luisa C. Brant, Nicholas J. K. Breitborde, Hermann Brenner, Corstiaan Breugem, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle Britton, Julie Brown, Traolach Brugha, Andre R. Brunoni, Rachelle Buchbinder, Norma B. Bulamu, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Richard A. Burns, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A. Butt, Tianji Cai, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Chao Cao, Vera L. A. Carneiro, Giulia Carreras, Andre F. Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Alberico L. Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Christopher R. Cederroth, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar, Jung-Chen Chang, Gashaw Sisay Chanie, Periklis Charalampous, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Meng Xuan Chen, Simiao Chen, Nicolas Cherbuin, Patrick R. Ching, Abdulaal Chitheer, William C. S. Cho, Yuen Yu Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Tzu-Chieh Chou, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Rajiv Chowdhury, Hanne Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee Christensen, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Raffaela Ciuffreda, Scott Richard Clark, Rafael M. Claro, Kaleb Coberly, Joao Conde, Barbara Corso, Michael H. Criqui, Marita Cross, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Giovanni Damiani, Hadi A. Danawi, Jai K. Das, Saswati Das, Ana Maria Dascalu, Anna Dastiridou, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Kairat Davletov, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Maia De Luca, Sisay Abebe Debela, Natanim Degefu, Amin Dehghan, Azizallah Dehghan, Hiwot Dejene, Robert Paul Dellavalle, Andreas K. Demetriades, Biniyam Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demisse, Solomon Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Diriba Dereje, Msganaw Derese, Nikolaos Dervenis, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn, Gashaw Dessie, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Keshab Deuba, Sagnik Dey, Arkadeep Dhali, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Nancy Diao, Diana Dias da Silva, Diriba Tolesa Dibaba, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Abhinav Dixit, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Shirin Djalalinia, Saeid Doaei, Milad Dodangeh, Mohamed Fahmy Doheim, Paul Narh Doku, Deepa Dongarwar, Bezabih Terefe Dora, Fariba Dorostkar, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Chirag P. Doshi, Rajkumar Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Abdel Douiri, Haneil Larson Dsouza, John Dube, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Hisham Atan Edinur, David Edvardsson, Kristina Edvardsson, Ferry Efendi, Elham Ehsani-Chimeh, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Nevine El Nahas, Iman El Sayed, Maha El Tantawi, Hassan El-Abid, Iffat Elbarazi, Teshome Bekele Elema, Frank J. Elgar, Islam Y. Elgendy, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Hawi Leul Esayas, Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Francesco Esposito, Farshid Etaee, Werku Etafa, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Shahriar Faghani, Luca Falzone, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Somayeh Farhang Dehghan, Carla Sofia e. Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Umar Farooq, Md Omar Faruk, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Akinlolu O. Fasanmi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L. Feigin, Ginenus Fekadu, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Pietro Ferrara, Allegra Ferrari, Simone Ferrero, Getahun Fetensa, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joanne Flavel, David Flood, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Ana Catarina Fonseca, Arianna Fornari, Behzad Foroutan, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Alberto Freitas, Marisa Freitas, Sara D. Friedman, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A. Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Santosh Gaihre, Yaseen Galali, Nasrin Galehdar, Silvano Gallus, Balasankar Ganesan, M. A. Garcia-Gordillo, Priyanka Garg, Mariana Gaspar Fonseca, Federica Gazzelloni, Semiu Olatunde Gbadamosi, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Leta Adugna Geleta, Urge Gerema, Lemma Getacher, Tamirat Getachew, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Fariborz Ghaffarpasand, Mansour Ghafourifard, Sulmaz Ghahramani, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Zahra Ghodsi, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Ali Gholami, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Ghozali Ghozali, Sherief Ghozy, Tiffany K. Gill, Themba G. Ginindza, James C. Glasbey, Laszlo Göbölös, Amit Goel, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Gorini, Houman Goudarzi, Alessandra C. Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Michal Grivna, Jenny S. Guadamuz, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Zewdie Gudisa, Avirup Guha, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Alemu Guta, Wilmer Cristobal Guzman-Vilca, Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad, Parham Habibzadeh, Vladimir Hachinski, Mostafa Hadei, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Adel Hajj Ali, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Esam S. Halboub, Aram Halimi, Brian J. Hall, Rabih Halwani, Randah R. Hamadeh, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Asif Hanif, Graeme J. Hankey, Md Abdul Hannan, Md Nuruzzaman Haque, Harapan Harapan, Arief Hargono, Ninuk Hariyani, Josep Maria Haro, Mehdi Harorani, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Faizul Hasan, M. Tasdik Hasan, Md Mehedi Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Abbas M. Hassan, Amr Hassan, Shoaib Hassan, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Rasmus J. Havmoeller, Khezar Hayat, Jeffrey J. Hebert, Khedidja Hedna, Mohammad Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Delia Hendrie, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Mohamed Hsairi, Alexander Kevin Hsiao, Junjie Huang, Irene Lena Hudson, Salman Hussain, Zakir Hussain, Nawfal R. Hussein, Foziya Mohammed Hussien, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Islam, Rubana Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Hiroyasu Iso, Gaetano Isola, Ademola Joshua Itiola, Masao Iwagami, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Linda Merin J, Jalil Jaafari, Louis Jacob, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Haitham Jahrami, Rajesh Jain, Abhishek Jaiswal, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Chinmay T. Jani, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Jayarajah, Shubha Jayaram, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Rime Jebai, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Digisie Mequanint Jemere, Angeline Jeyakumar, Vivekanand Jha, John S. Ji, Olatunji Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Tamas Joo, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Vasna Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Dler Hussein Kadir, Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar, Rizwan Kalani, Laleh R. Kalankesh, Leila R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Feroze Kaliyadan, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Ashwin Kamath, Rajesh Kamath, Zahra Kamiab, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Rami S. Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Hassan Karami, Shama D. Karanth, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Samad Karkhah, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Gizat M. Kassie, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Mohammad Obadah Kattea, Joonas H. Kauppila, Gbenga A. Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Gemechu Gemechu Kejela, John H. Kempen, Jessica A. Kerr, Cumali Keskin, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Mohammad Khalafi, Nauman Khalid, Mohammad Khammarnia, Asaduzzaman Khan, Atif A. Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Imteyaz A. Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Jobair Khan, Moien A. B. Khan, M. Nuruzzaman Khan, Yusra H. Khan, Javad Khanali, Khaled Khatab, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Mona M. Khater, Sorour Khateri, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Zahra Khazaeipour, Ahmad Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Gyu Ri Kim, Jihee Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Cameron J. Kneib, Sonali Kochhar, David S. Q. Koh, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Pavel Kolkhir, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A. Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Estie Kruger, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Mohammed Kuddus, Nuworza Kugbey, Akshay Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Naveen Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Dian Kusuma, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Lucie Laflamme, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Judit Lám, Faris Hasan Lami, Qing Lan, Iván Landires, Justin J. Lang, Berthold Langguth, Bagher Larijani, Anders O. Larsson, Kamaluddin Latief, Sum Yuet Joyce Lau, Matthew B. Laurens, Paolo Lauriola, Habib Layoun, Doo Woong Lee, Paul H. Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Samson Mideksa Legesse, James Leigh, Matilde Leonardi, Elvynna Leong, An Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Massimo Libra, Andrew Tiyamike Makhiringa Likaka, David Lim Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S. Lim, Ro-Ting Lin, Christine Linehan, Shai Linn, Gang Liu, Jue Liu, Shiwei Liu, Wei Liu, Chun-Han Lo, Graciliana Lopes, Platon D. Lopukhov, Arianna Maever Loreche, László Lorenzovici, Mojgan Lotfi, Joana A. Loureiro, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Raimundas Lunevicius, Vanessa Sintra Machado, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ralph Maddison, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Soleiman Mahjoub, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh, Azeem Majeed, Jeadran N. Malagón-Rojas, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Ahmad Azam Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Yosef Manla, Ali Mansour, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Abdoljalal Marjani, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Ramon Martinez-Piedra, Adolfo Martinez-Valle, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Miquel Martorell, Sahar Masoudi, Elezebeth Mathews, Alexander G. Mathioudakis, Richard James Maude, Pallab K. Maulik, Sazan Qadir Maulud, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Salima Meherali Meherali, Khalid Mehmood, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M. Mehta, Laychiluh Bantie Mekonnen, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Ritesh G. Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Belsity Temesgen Meselu, Bezawit Afework Mesfin, Tomislav Mestrovic, Tomasz Miazgowski, Georgia Micha, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogu de Sá, Gedefaye Nibret Mihrtie, Ted R. Miller, Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Moonis Mirza, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Mirzaei, Awoke Misganaw, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Chaitanya Mittal, Javad Moghadasi, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Abdalla Z. Mohamed, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammadi, Hussen Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H. Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, T. J. Robinson T. Moncatar, Stefania Mondello, Mohammad Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Fateme Montazeri, Delaram Moosavi, Yousef Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Rafael Silveira Moreira, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Negar Morovatdar, Meg E. Morris, Shane Douglas Morrison, Elias Mossialos, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Majid Motaghinejad, Simin Mouodi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Sumaira Mubarik, Lorenzo Muccioli, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Soumyadeep Mukherjee, Francesk Mulita, Getaneh Baye Mulu, Daniel Munblit, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Shruti Murthy, Ana-Maria Musina, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Julius C. Mwita, Ashraf F. Nabhan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Zhila Najafpour, Luigi Naldi, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Aparna Ichalangod Narayana, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Zuhair S. Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C. Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Evangelia Nena, Samata Nepal, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Che Henry Ngwa, Robina Khan Niazi, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Ali Nikoobar, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Muhammad A. Nizam, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Shuhei Nomura, Nurulamin M. Noor, Nafise Noroozi, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Hasti Nouraei, George Ntaios, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Dieta Nurrika, Jerry John Nutor, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Felix Chukwudi Abrahams Obi, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Abiola Ogunkoya, In-Hwan Oh, Akin Ojagbemi, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Adeolu Olufunso Oladunjoye, Olubunmi Omotola Oladunjoye, Andrew T. Olagunju, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Arão Belitardo Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Sokking Ong, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto Ortiz, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Amel Ouyahia, Simon Øverland, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Mahesh P. A, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Pramod Kumar Pal, Tamás Palicz, Raffaele Palladino, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Suman Pant, Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Shahina Pardhan, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, Seoyeon Park, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Jay Patel, Jenil R. Patel, Rikinkumar S. Patel, Urvish K. Patel, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Ronit Patnaik Patnaik, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Amy E. Peden, Paolo Pedersini, Minjin Peng, Umberto Pensato, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Emmanuel K. Peprah, João Perdigão, Marcos Pereira, Renato B. Pereira, Norberto Perico, Simone Perna, Richard G. Pestell, Konrad Pesudovs, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Raffaele Pezzani, Michael R. Phillips, Cristiano Piccinelli, David M. Pigott, Julian David Pillay, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Saeed Pirouzpanah, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Evgenii Plotnikov, Indrashis Podder, Vivek Podder, Riccardo Pofi, Roman V. Polibin, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, Ramesh Poluru, Constance Dimity Pond, Fabio Porru, Maarten J. Postma, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Sergio I. Prada, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, V. Prakash, Narayan Prasad, Luís Proença, Ibrahim Qattea, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Ata Rafiee, Alberto Raggi, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Majid Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Diego Raimondo, Ivano Raimondo, Sheetal Raj Moolambally, Prashant Rajput, Sasa Rajsic, Sree Bhushan Raju, Pradhum Ram, Sheena Ramazanu, Juwel Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Chythra R. Rao, Sowmya J. Rao, Temam Beshir Raru, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Prateek Rastogi, Azad Rasul, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Ramin Ravangard, David Laith Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Rabail Zehra Raza, Iman Razeghian-Jahromi, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Zahed Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, Mavra A. Riaz, Muhammad Riaz, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Daniel Cury Ribeiro, Daniela Ribeiro, Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da Silva, Jennifer Rickard, Mónica Rodrigues, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Michele Romoli, Luca Ronfani, Betty Roosihermiatie, Victor Daniel Rosenthal, Morteza Rostamian, Bedanta Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, Susan Fred Rumisha, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Manjula S, Chandan S. N, Aly M. A. Saad, Michela Sabbatucci, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Simona Sacco, Perminder S. 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Zuniga Nature Communications, 2025 Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly. Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.
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Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Bibha Dhungel, Marcello Di Pumpo, Diana Dias da Silva, Luis Antonio Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Diego Diaz-Milanes, Elangovan Dilipan, Lauren K Dillard, Zhendong Ding, Xueting Ding, M Ashworth Dirac, Huyen Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Phidelia Theresa Doegah, Sushil Dohare, Klara Georgieva Dokova, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Francesco Dondi, Mario D´Oria, Fariba Dorostkar, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Robert Kokou Dowou, Menayit Tamrat Dresse, Tim Robert Driscoll, Jiang Du, Judy R Dubno, Emeka W Dumbili, Samuel C Dumith, Bruce B Duncan, Jennifer Dunne, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Siddhartha Dutta, Angel Belle Cheng Dy, Abdel Rahman E'mar, Osamudiamen Ebohon, Ejemai Eboreime, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, David Edvardsson, Ferry Efendi, Behrad Eftekhari, Foolad Eghbali, Shayan Eghdami, Fatemeh Ehsani, Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh, Terje Andreas Eikemo, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Rabie Adel El Arab, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Mohamed Ahmed Eladl, Reza Elahi, Said El-Ashker, Rana Elbeshbeishy, Faris El-Dahiyat, Marwa Eldegwi, Marwan El-Deyarbi, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elhoumed, Waseem El-Huneidi, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohamed A Elmonem, Adel B Elmoselhi, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Chadi Eltaha, Abdelgawad Salah Abdelgawad Eltahawy, Tadele Emagneneh, Syed Emdadul Haque, Theophilus I Emeto, Victor Oghenekparobo Emojevwe, Stanley Chinedu Eneh, Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Majid Eslami, Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo, Kara Estep, Elochukwu Ezenwankwo, Natalia Fabin, Heidar Fadavian, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Razana Faiz, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Luca Falzone, Qiping Fan, Mohammad Farahmand, Seyed Nooreddin Faraji, Ali Faramarzi, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Fatemeh Farshad, Farima Farsi, Md. Omar Faruk, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Folorunso Oludayo Fasina, Modupe Margaret Fasina, Ali Fatehizadeh, Davood Fathi, Zareen Fatima, Timur Fazylov, Valery L Feigin, maryam feili, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Xiaoqi Feng, Talukdar Raian Ferdous, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Nuno Ferreira, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Alexander Finnemore, Claudio Fiorilla, Ida Fitriana, Luisa S Flor, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Marco Fonzo, Arianna Fornari, Behzad Foroutan, Daniela Fortuna, Matteo Foschi, Maryam Fotouhi, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Richard Charles Franklin, Alberto Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Ami Fukunaga, John E Fuller, Nancy Fullman, Blima Fux, Sridevi G, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Dominic Dormenyo Gadeka, Márió Gajdács, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaseen Galali, Silvano Gallus, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Balasankar Ganesan, Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah, Xiang Gao, Yijie Gao, Bashiru Garba, Miguel Garcia-Argibay, David Garcia-Azorin, Jacopo Garlasco, Zisis Gatzioufas, Rupesh K Gautam, Prem Gautam, Bamba Gaye, Federica Gazzelloni, Hong-Han Ge, Feven Sahle Gebre, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Haftay Gebremedhin Gebreslassie, Miesa Gelchu, Stefano Gelibter, Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Ali Gerami Matin, Lemma Getacher, Genanew K Getahun, Kalab Yigermal Gete, Peter W Gething, Delaram J Ghadimi, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Arin Ghamkhar, Ali Ghandili, Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi, Moein Ghasemi, Shakiba Ghasemi Assl, Fariba Ghassemi, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Nermin Ghith, Zainab Gholami, Nasim Gholizadeh, Elena Ghotbi, Arun Ghuge, Alessandro Gialluisi, Konstantinos Giannakis, Ruth Margaret Gibson, Syed Abdullah Gilani, Tiffany K Gill, Alem Abera Girmay, Alessandro Girombelli, Laszlo Göbölös, Rajesh Kumar Goel, Anil Kumar Goel, Archit Goel, Kimiya Gohari, Mahaveer Golechha, Ali Golestani, Mohsen Golkar, Nelson G M Gomes, Philimon N Gona, Wenping Gong, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Gorini, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Simon Matthew Matthew Graham, Michal Grivna, Ashna Grover, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Bin Guan, Shi-Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Avirup Guha, Stefano Guicciardi, Zhifeng Guo, Xingzhi Guo, Zhaoyu Guo, Cui Guo, Zheng Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Lalit Gupta, Himanshu Gupta, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Jose Guzman-Esquivel, Abrham Tesfaye Tesfaye Habteyes, Awoke Derbie Derbie Habteyohannes, Tesfahun Simon Hadaro, Zahra Hadian, Sarah Hafsia, Faraidoon Haghdoost, Arian Haghtalab, Nguyen Hai Nam, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Pritam Halder, Sebastian Haller, Rabih Halwani, Islam M Hamad, Randah R Hamadeh, Nadia M Hamdy, Samer Hamidi, Erin B Hamilton, Ahmad Hammoud, Mohammad Hamza, Didem Han Yekdes, Asif Hanif, Nasrin Hanifi, Graeme J Hankey, Fahad Hanna, Md Nuruzzaman Haque, Ashanul Haque, Obaid I Haque, Harapan Harapan, Hilda L Harb, Arief Hargono, Andy Martahan Andreas Hariandja, Josep Maria Haro, Eka Mishbahatul Marah Has, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md Kamrul Hasan, Faizul Hasan, Towhid Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Ali Hasanpour- Dehkordi, Arezou Hashem Zadeh, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Nada Tawfig Hashim, Ammarah Hasnain, Ikrama Hassan, Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan, Nageeb Hassan, Yusuf Wada Hassan Wada, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Jiawei He, Jeffrey J Hebert, Mohammad Heidari, Golnaz Heidari, Mehdi Hemmati, Claire A Henson, Claudiu Herteliu, Hamed Hesami, Sumudu Avanthi Hewage, Majid Heydari, Zahra Heydarifard, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Belal Hossain, Md Mahbub Hossain, Md Sabbir Hossain, Alamgir Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Lubna Hossain, Sorin Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Peter J Hotez, Jada Averianna Houser, Amir Human Hoveidaei, Hanno Hoven, Alexander Win Hsu, Chengxi Hu, Guoqing Hu, Yefei Huang, Zhenyao Huang, Junjie Huang, Weijun Huang, Mega Hasanul Huda, Ayesha Humayun, Waqar Husain, Kiavash Hushmandi, Javid Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Mohamed Ibrahim Husseiny, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Luigi Francesco Iannone, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Umar Idris Ibrahim, Ismail A. Atef Ismail Ahmed Ibrahim, Ramzi Ibrahim, Anel Ibrayeva, Fidelia Ida, Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar, Adalia Ikiroma, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Masoud Imani, Mustapha Immurana, Lucius Chidiebere Imoh, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Arit Inok, Mujahid Iqbal, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Benni Iskandar, Teresa R Iskander, Dr. Md. Shahinul Islam, Md Rabiul Islam, Md Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Faisal Ismail, Yerlan Ismoldayev, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Vinothini J, Jalil Jaafari, Udeme Samuel Jacob, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Ali Jadidi, Mohammadsadegh Jafari, Ali Jafari-Khounigh, Morteza Jafarinia, Vennila Jaganathan, Haitham Jahrami, Ayushi Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ali Jaliliyan, Mohamed Jalloh, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Armaan Jamal, Jazlan Jamaluddin, Melika Jameie, Jerin James, Safayet Jamil, Masoud Jamshidi, Shaghayegh JamshidiRastabi, Esmaeil Jarrahi, Tahereh Javaheri, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Anita Javanmardi, Javad Javidnia, Shubha Jayaram, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Felix K Jebasingh, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Seogsong Jeong, Bijay Mukesh Jeswani, Zixiang Ji, Min Jiang, Wenyi Jin, Shuai Jin, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B Jonas, Darwin Phan Jones, Tamas Joo, Abu Jor, Nitin Joseph, Abel Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Katie Joskowitz, Kripa Josten, George Joy, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Malik E Juweid, Vaishali K, Zubair Kabir, Dler H. Hussein Kadir, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar, Khalil Kalavani, Sanjay Kalra, Md Moustafa Kamal, Mehnaz Kamal, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Rajesh Kamath, Saltanat Kamenova, Arun Kamireddy, Ramat T Kamorudeen, Devanish Narasimhasanth Kamtam, Naser Kamyari, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi, Mona Kanaan, Saddam Fuad Kanaan, Jiseung Kang, Samuel Berchi Kankam, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Rami S Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Sujita Kumar Kar, Paschalis Karakasis, Reema A Karasneh, Mohammad Amin Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Tomasz M Karpinski, Sadanand Karun, Manoj Kumar Kashyap, Eden Asmare Kassahun, Nigussie Assefa Kassaw, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Molly B Kassel, Adarsh Katamreddy, Kanica Kaushal, Foad Kazemi, Nastaran Kazemi rad, Sina Kazemian, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Chukwudi Keke, John H Kempen, Jessica A Kerr, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Reza Khademi, Inn Kynn Khaing, Himanshu Khajuria, Nauman Khalid, Sidra Khalid, Hazim O Khalifa, Anas Husam Khalifeh, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Pantea Khalili, Anita Khalili, Alireza Khalilian, Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha, Mohamed khalis, Faham Khamesipour, Muhammad Mueed Khan, Zahid Khan, Zahid Khan, Abdul A Khan, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Serab Khan, Yusuf Saleem Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq Khan, Ajmal Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Iman Waheed Khan, Muhammad Umer Khan, Sumaiya Khan, Maseer Khan, Fayaz Khan, Srijana Khanal, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Zenith Khashim, Khaled Khatab, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Kavin Khatri, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Khalid A Kheirallah, Sunil Kumar Khokhar, Mohammad Saeid Khonji, Zahra Khorrami, Najmaddin Salih Husen S.H. Khoshnaw, Atulya Aman Khosla, Sepehr Khosravi, Majid Khosravi, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Min Seo Kim, Hye Jun Kim, Jinho Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Sanjay Kini B, Mary Kirk, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ladli Kishore, Juniper Boroka Kiss, Mika Kivimäki, Shivakumar KM, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Nazarii Kobyliak, Sonali Kochhar, Michail Kokkorakis, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Diana Gladys Kolieghu Tcheumeni, Farzad Kompani, Aida Kondybayeva, Anastasios Georgios Panagiotis Konstas, Isaac Koomson, Gerbrand Koren, Tapos Kormoker, Oleksii Korzh, Karel Kostev, Archana Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, James-Paul Kretchy, Irene Akwo Kretchy, Kewal Krishan, Chong-Han Kua, Ananya Kuanar, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Mohammed Kuddus, Ilari Kuitunen, Shikha Kukreti, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Shweta Kulshreshtha, Sanjay Kirshan Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dewesh Kumar, Tushar Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Jogender Kumar, Nithin Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Avinash Kumar, Jibin Kunjavara, Setor K Kunutsor, Almagul Kurmanova, Maria Dyah Kurniasari, Pramod Kumar Kushawaha, Asep Kusnali, Christina Yeni Yeni Kustanti, Dian Kusuma, Tezer Kutluk, Assylkhan Kuttybayev, Wai Hang Patrick Kwong, Grace Kwakyewaa Kyei, Evans F Kyei, Frank Kyei-Arthur, Ville Kytö, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Pallavi L C, Adriano La Vecchia, Carlo La Vecchia, Alessio Lachi, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Lucie Laflamme, Chandrakant Lahariya, Daphne Teck Ching Lai, Balzhan Lakanova, Anita Lakhani, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Iván Landires, Berthold Langguth, Ariane Laplante-Lévesque, Dylan Lasher, Kamaluddin Latief, Mahrukh Latif, Colleen L L Lau, Saheed Akinmayowa Lawal, Aliyu Lawan, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Huu-Hoai Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Minh Huu Nhat Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Caterina Ledda, Wei-Chen Lee, Ivan Lee, Seung Won Lee, Yo Han Lee, Vasileios Leivaditis, Matthew J Lennon, Matilde Leonardi, Elvynna Leong, An Li, Jinbo Li, Hui Li, Yongze Li, Jianan Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Wei Li, Chengfeng Li, Wang-Zhong Li, Zhengrui Li, Zhaolong Adrian Li, Weilong Li, Jiaying Li, Yanxue Lian, Xue-Zhen Liang, Virendra S Ligade, Stephen S Lim, Ro-Ting Lin, Queran Lin, Shuzhi Lin, Jialing Lin, Daniel Lindholm, Yuewei Ling, Xuefeng Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Haipeng Liu, Xianliang Liu, Zhe Liu, Jue Liu, Gang Liu, Yubo Liu, Erand Llanaj, Michael J Loftus, Valerie Lohner, José Francisco López-Gil, Masoud Lotfizadeh, Surbala Devi Lourembam, Rafael Lozano, Shanjie Luan, Jailos Lubinda, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Susu Luo, Jay B Lusk, Angelina M Lutambi, Miltiadis D Lytras, Ellina Lytvyak, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Zheng Feei Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma, Kelsey Lynn Maass, Mahmoud Mabrok, Nikolaos Machairas, Monika Machoy, Firoozeh Madadi, Seyed Ataollah Madinezad, Christian Madsen, Aurea Marilia Madureira-Carvalho, Pasquale Maffia, Azzam A Maghazachi, D.R. 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Murlimanju, Sani Musa, Ali Mushtaq, Sherzad Ibrahim Mustafa, Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha, Sathish Muthu, Saravanan Muthupandian, Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Muhammad Muzaffar, Woojae Myung, Amin Nabavi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Mohsen Naghavi, Ganesh R Naik, Firzan Nainu, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Gopal Nambi, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Yvonne Nartey, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gustavo G Nascimento, Abdallah Y Naser, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Hamide Nasiri, Mahmoud Nassar, Zuhair S Natto, Zakira Naureen, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna, Nawsherwan, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Shalini Ganesh Nayak, Smitha Nayak, Shumaila Naz, G. 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Tedla, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Reem Temsah, Masayuki Teramoto, Azimeraw Arega Tesfu, Jay Tewari, Alireza Teymouri, Chandan Kumar Thakur, Rekha Thapar, Ismaeel Tharwat, Samar Tharwat, Hadiza Theyra-Enias, Arun James Thirunavukarasu, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Manuel Sebastian Thomas, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Yves Joel Tochie Noutakdie, Sojit Tomo, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Ali Torkashvand, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Khaled Trabelsi, Thang Huu Tran, Quynh Thuy Huong Tran, Tam Quoc Minh Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Domenico Trico, Indang Trihandini, Samuel Joseph Tromans, Claudia Truppa, Gary Tse, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Zhouting Tuo, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Sok Cin Tye, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Himayat Ullah, Saeed Ullah, Atta Ullah, Riaz Ullah, Muhammad Umair, Lawan Umar, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Umar, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Dinesh Upadhya, Era Upadhyay, Dipan Uppal, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Kelechi Julian Uzor, Hande Uzunçibuk, Pratyusha Vadagam, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Pascual R Valdez, Mario Valenti, Zahir Vally, Jef Van den Eynde, Javad Varasteh, Joe Varghese, Priya Vart, Santosh Varughese, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Sampara Vasishta, Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Alireza Vaysi, Ashleigh S Vella, Balachandar Vellingiri, Gowri Venkatraman Subramanian, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Nicholas Alexander Verghese, Poonam Verma, Megan Verma, Madhur Verma, Massimiliano Veroux, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Dominique Vervoort, Ramesh Vidavalur, Simone Villa, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, David Villarreal-Zegarra, Francesco S Violante, Sharath Chaitanya Vipparthy, Luciano Magalhães Vitorino, Stein Emil Vollset, Avina Vongpradith, Theo Vos, Elpida Vounzoulaki, Linh Vu, Henok Toga Wada, Yasir Waheed, Megha Walia, Lindsey E Wallace, Agnes Wamuyu Wamai, Jin-Yi Wan, Arvinder Wander, Shu Wang, Ruixuan Wang, Xing Wang, Shaopan Wang, Qingzhi Wang, Jinyu Wang, Fang Wang, Wei Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Denny Wang, Youxin Wang, Wanzhou Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Mary Njeri Wanjau, Ahmed Bilal Waqar, Muhammad Waqas, Paul Ward, Stefanie Watson, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Fei-Long Wei, Xueying Wei, Robert G Weintraub, Daniel J Weiss, Ronny Westerman, Joanna L Whisnant, Taweewat Wiangkham, Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Nuwan Darshana Darshana Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Angga Wilandika, Peter Willeit, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Gemechu Kumera Wirtu, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Abay Tadesse Woday, Marcin W Wojewodzic, Axel Walter Wolf, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Yen Jun Wong, Daniel Tarekegn Worede, Minichil Chanie Chanie Worku, James Fan Wu, Zenghong Wu, Jinyi Wu, Felicia Wu, Peng Wu, Yihun Miskir Wubie, Qing Xia, Zhijia Xia, Hong Xiao, Lishun Xiao, Guangqin Xiao, Na Xiao, Wanqing Xie, Wanqing Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Suowen Xu, Wang-Dong Xu, Site Xu, Mingyang Xue, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Vikas Yadav, Sajad Yaghoubi, Saba Yahoo (Syed), Kazumasa Yamagishi, Xinxin Yang, Haibo Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Haiqiang Yao, Laiang Yao, Amir Yarahmadi, Habib Yaribeygi, Haya Yasin, Mohamed A Yassin, Yuichi Yasufuku, Sanni Yaya, Pengpeng Ye, Meghdad Yeganeh, Ali Cem Yekdes, Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali, Getaneh Atikilt Yemata, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Siyan Yi, Muluken Yigezu, Dehui Yin, Yazachew Engida Yismaw, Malede Berihun Yismaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Abdilahi Yousuf, Jian Yu, Yong Yu, Chuanhua Yu, Hui Yuan, Ghazala Yunus, Umar Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Vesna Zadnik, Mubashir Zafar, Manijeh Zaghampour, Mondal Hasan Zahid, Emilia Zainal Abidin, Fathiah Zakham, Giulia Zamagni, Sojib Bin Zaman, Abu Sarwar Zamani, Hussaini Zandam, Alireza Zangeneh, Aurora Zanghì, Iman Zare, Kourosh Zarea, Shirin Zaresharifi, Michael Zastrozhin, Mohammed Zawiah, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Dawit Zemedikun, Abay Mulu Zenebe, Sebastian Zensen, Eyael M Zeru, Tiansong Zhan, Yongle Zhan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Beijian Zhang, Ning Zhang, Xiu-Hang Zhang, Meixin Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Casper J P Zhang, Jinpeng Zhang, Zhongyi Zhao, Shenglin Zhao, Sheng Zhao, Ming-Hua Zheng, Anthony Zhong, Claire Chenwen Zhong, Juexiao Zhou, Jiayan Zhou, Bin Zhu, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Hafsa Zia, Ghazal Zoghi, Mohamed Ali Zoromba, Rafat Mohammad Zrieq, Liesl J Zuhlke, Lilik Zuhriyah, Alimuddin Zumla, Sa'ed H Zyoud, Shaher H Zyoud, Ahed H Zyoud, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Christopher J L Murray Lancet, 2025 BACKGROUND: Comprehensive, comparable, and timely estimates of demographic metrics-including life expectancy and age-specific mortality-are essential for evaluating, understanding, and addressing trends in population health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of timely and all-cause mortality estimates for being able to respond to changing trends in health outcomes, showing a strong need for demographic analysis tools that can produce all-cause mortality estimates more rapidly with more readily available all-age vital registration (VR) data. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is an ongoing research effort that quantifies human health by estimating a range of epidemiological quantities of interest across time, age, sex, location, cause, and risk. This study-part of the latest GBD release, GBD 2023-aims to provide new and updated estimates of all-cause mortality and life expectancy for 1950 to 2023 using a novel statistical model that accounts for complex correlation structures in demographic data across age and time. METHODS: We used 24 025 data sources from VR, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources to estimate all-cause mortality for males, females, and all sexes combined across 25 age groups in 204 countries and territories as well as 660 subnational units in 20 countries and territories, for the years 1950-2023. For the first time, we used complete birth history data for ages 5-14 years, age-specific sibling history data for ages 15-49 years, and age-specific mortality data from Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems. We developed a single statistical model that incorporates both parametric and non-parametric methods, referred to as OneMod, to produce estimates of all-cause mortality for each age-sex-location group. OneMod includes two main steps: a detailed regression analysis with a generalised linear modelling tool that accounts for age-specific covariate effects such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a population attributable fraction (PAF) for all risk factors combined; and a non-parametric analysis of residuals using a multivariate kernel regression model that smooths across age and time to adaptably follow trends in the data without overfitting. We calibrated asymptotic uncertainty estimates using Pearson residuals to produce 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) and corresponding 1000 draws. Life expectancy was calculated from age-specific mortality rates with standard demographic methods. For each measure, 95% UIs were calculated with the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. FINDINGS: In 2023, 60·1 million (95% UI 59·0-61·1) deaths occurred globally, of which 4·67 million (4·59-4·75) were in children younger than 5 years. Due to considerable population growth and ageing since 1950, the number of annual deaths globally increased by 35·2% (32·2-38·4) over the 1950-2023 study period, during which the global age-standardised all-cause mortality rate declined by 66·6% (65·8-67·3). Trends in age-specific mortality rates between 2011 and 2023 varied by age group and location, with the largest decline in under-5 mortality occurring in east Asia (67·7% decrease); the largest increases in mortality for those aged 5-14 years, 25-29 years, and 30-39 years occurring in high-income North America (11·5%, 31·7%, and 49·9%, respectively); and the largest increases in mortality for those aged 15-19 years and 20-24 years occurring in Eastern Europe (53·9% and 40·1%, respectively). We also identified higher than previously estimated mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa for all sexes combined aged 5-14 years (87·3% higher in GBD 2023 than GBD 2021 on average across countries and territories over the 1950-2021 period) and for females aged 15-29 years (61·2% higher), as well as lower than previously estimated mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa for all sexes combined aged 50 years and older (13·2% lower), reflecting advances in our modelling approach. Global life expectancy followed three distinct trends over the study period. First, between 1950 and 2019, there were considerable improvements, from 51·2 (50·6-51·7) years for females and 47·9 (47·4-48·4) years for males in 1950 to 76·3 (76·2-76·4) years for females and 71·4 (71·3-71·5) years for males in 2019. Second, this period was followed by a decrease in life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to 74·7 (74·6-74·8) years for females and 69·3 (69·2-69·4) years for males in 2021. Finally, the world experienced a period of post-pandemic recovery in 2022 and 2023, wherein life expectancy generally returned to pre-pandemic (2019) levels in 2023 (76·3 [76·0-76·6] years for females and 71·5 [71·2-71·8] years for males). 194 (95·1%) of 204 countries and territories experienced at least partial post-pandemic recovery in age-standardised mortality rates by 2023, with 61·8% (126 of 204) recovering to or falling below pre-pandemic levels. There were several mortality trajectories during and following the pandemic across countries and territories. Long-term mortality trends also varied considerably between age groups and locations, demonstrating the diverse landscape of health outcomes globally. INTERPRETATION: This analysis identified several key differences in mortality trends from previous estimates, including higher rates of adolescent mortality, higher rates of young adult mortality in females, and lower rates of mortality in older age groups in much of sub-Saharan Africa. The findings also highlight stark differences across countries and territories in the timing and scale of changes in all-cause mortality trends during and following the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-23). Our estimates of evolving trends in mortality and life expectancy across locations, ages, sexes, and SDI levels in recent years as well as over the entire 1950-2023 study period provide crucial information for governments, policy makers, and the public to ensure that health-care systems, economies, and societies are prepared to address the world's health needs, particularly in populations with higher rates of mortality than previously known. The estimates from this study provide a robust framework for GBD and a valuable foundation for policy development, implementation, and evaluation around the world. FUNDING: Gates Foundation.
Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 Mohsen Naghavi, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Bhoomadevi A, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Hasan Aalruz, Hazim S Ababneh, Bedru J Abafita, Ukachukwu O Abaraogu, Cristiana Abbafati, Madineh Abbasi, Faezeh Abbaspour, Hedayat Abbastabar, Abdallah H A Abd Al Magied, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Ashraf Nabiel Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdalla, Emad M Abdallah, Barkhad Aden Abdeeq, Nadin M I Abdel Razeq, Ahmed Abdelrahman Abdelgalil, Reda Abdel-Hameed, Michael Abdelmasseh, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Wael M Abdel-Rahman, Arman Abdous, Mostafa M Abdrabou, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Parisa Abedi, Asrat Agalu Abejew, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, Shehab Uddin Al Abid, Syed Hani Abidi, Alemwork Abie, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Shady Abohashem, Hassan Abolhassani, Ulric Sena Abonie, Nagah M Abourashed, Mohamed Abouzid, Dmitry Abramov, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Dariush Abtahi, Rana Kamal Abu Farha, Fuad Hamdi A Abuadas, Aminu Kende Abubakar, Nermeen Abu-Elala, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Sawsan Abuhammad, Ahmad Y Abuhelwa, Hana J Abukhadijah, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Dina Abushanab, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya, Apurba Acharya, Ousman Adal, Lisa C Adams, Abdu A Adamu, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo, Tajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Kamoru Ademola Adedokun, Oluwatobi E Adegbile, Nurudeen A Adegoke, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Bulcha Guye Adema, Bashir Aden, Isaac Ayodeji Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Mache Tsadik Adhana, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Usha Adiga, Tanin Adl Parvar, Mohd Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Prince Owusu Adoma, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, David 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Hui Yuan, Faith H Yuh, Ghazala Yunus, Umar Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Vesna Zadnik, Mubashir Zafar, Manijeh Zaghampour, Emilia Zainal Abidin, Fathiah Zakham, Nazar Zaki, Giulia Zamagni, Nelson Zamora, Hussaini Zandam, Aurora Zanghì, Heather J Zar, Kourosh Zarea, Mohammed Zawiah, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Abay Mulu Zenebe, Sebastian Zensen, Nejimu Biza Zepro, Eyael M Zeru, Tiansong Zhan, Yongle Zhan, Beijian Zhang, Casper J P Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Julio Min Fei Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Meixin Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhang, Xiu-Hang Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Sholpan Bolatovna Zhangelova, Hanqing Zhao, Jianhui Zhao, Jiefeng Zhao, Yang Zhao, Zhongyi Zhao, Anthony Zhong, Claire Chenwen Zhong, Jiayan Zhou, Juexiao Zhou, Bin Zhu, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Magdalena Zielińska, Ghazal Zoghi, Mohamed Ali Zoromba, Zhiyong Zou, Rafat Mohammad Zrieq, Liesl J Zuhlke, Lilik Zuhriyah, Alimuddin Zumla, Ahed H Zyoud, Sa'ed H Zyoud, Shaher H Zyoud, Eve E Wool, Christopher J L Murray Lancet, 2025 BACKGROUND: Timely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides cause-specific mortality estimates measured in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs). GBD 2023 aimed to enhance our understanding of the relationship between age and cause of death by quantifying the probability of dying before age 70 years (70q0) and the mean age at death by cause and sex. This study enables comparisons of the impact of causes of death over time, offering a deeper understanding of how these causes affect global populations. METHODS: GBD 2023 produced estimates for 292 causes of death disaggregated by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2023. We used a modelling tool developed for GBD, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to estimate cause-specific death rates for most causes. We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. Probability of death was calculated as the chance of dying from a given cause in a specific age period, for a specific population. Mean age at death was calculated by first assigning the midpoint age of each age group for every death, followed by computing the mean of all midpoint ages across all deaths attributed to a given cause. We used GBD death estimates to calculate the observed mean age at death and to model the expected mean age across causes, sexes, years, and locations. The expected mean age reflects the expected mean age at death for individuals within a population, based on global mortality rates and the population's age structure. Comparatively, the observed mean age represents the actual mean age at death, influenced by all factors unique to a location-specific population, including its age structure. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 250-draw distribution for each metric. Findings are reported as counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2023 include a correction for the misclassification of deaths due to COVID-19, updates to the method used to estimate COVID-19, and updates to the CODEm modelling framework. This analysis used 55 761 data sources, including vital registration and verbal autopsy data as well as data from surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. For GBD 2023, there were 312 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 3 country-years of surveillance data, 51 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 144 country-years of other data types that were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS: The initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused shifts in long-standing rankings of the leading causes of global deaths: it ranked as the number one age-standardised cause of death at Level 3 of the GBD cause classification hierarchy in 2021. By 2023, COVID-19 dropped to the 20th place among the leading global causes, returning the rankings of the leading two causes to those typical across the time series (ie, ischaemic heart disease and stroke). While ischaemic heart disease and stroke persist as leading causes of death, there has been progress in reducing their age-standardised mortality rates globally. Four other leading causes have also shown large declines in global age-standardised mortality rates across the study period: diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, stomach cancer, and measles. Other causes of death showed disparate patterns between sexes, notably for deaths from conflict and terrorism in some locations. A large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders. Despite this, neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID-19 was temporarily the leading cause. Compared to 1990, there has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles. In addition, this study quantified the mean age at death for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and found noticeable variation by sex and location. The global all-cause mean age at death increased from 46·8 years (95% UI 46·6-47·0) in 1990 to 63·4 years (63·1-63·7) in 2023. For males, mean age increased from 45·4 years (45·1-45·7) to 61·2 years (60·7-61·6), and for females it increased from 48·5 years (48·1-48·8) to 65·9 years (65·5-66·3), from 1990 to 2023. The highest all-cause mean age at death in 2023 was found in the high-income super-region, where the mean age for females reached 80·9 years (80·9-81·0) and for males 74·8 years (74·8-74·9). By comparison, the lowest all-cause mean age at death occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where it was 38·0 years (37·5-38·4) for females and 35·6 years (35·2-35·9) for males in 2023. Lastly, our study found that all-cause 70q0 decreased across each GBD super-region and region from 2000 to 2023, although with large variability between them. For females, we found that 70q0 notably increased from drug use disorders and conflict and terrorism. Leading causes that increased 70q0 for males also included drug use disorders, as well as diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, there was an increase in 70q0 for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, the mean age at death from NCDs was lower than the expected mean age at death for this super-region. By comparison, there was an increase in 70q0 for drug use disorders in the high-income super-region, which also had an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value. INTERPRETATION: We examined global mortality patterns over the past three decades, highlighting-with enhanced estimation methods-the impacts of major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to broader trends such as increasing NCDs in low-income regions that reflect ongoing shifts in the global epidemiological transition. This study also delves into premature mortality patterns, exploring the interplay between age and causes of death and deepening our understanding of where targeted resources could be applied to further reduce preventable sources of mortality. We provide essential insights into global and regional health disparities, identifying locations in need of targeted interventions to address both communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an ever-present need for strengthened health-care systems that are resilient to future pandemics and the shifting burden of disease, particularly among ageing populations in regions with high mortality rates. Robust estimates of causes of death are increasingly essential to inform health priorities and guide efforts toward achieving global health equity. The need for global collaboration to reduce preventable mortality is more important than ever, as shifting burdens of disease are affecting all nations, albeit at different paces and scales. FUNDING: Gates Foundation.
Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 Simon I Hay, Kanyin Liane Ong, Damian F Santomauro, Bhoomadevi A, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Hasan Aalruz, Hazim S Ababneh, Ukachukwu O Abaraogu, Biruk Beletew Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Nasir Abbas, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Ashraf Nabiel Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdalla, Emad M Abdallah, Barkhad Aden Abdeeq, Nadin M I Abdel Razeq, Ahmed Abdelrahman Abdelgalil, Reda Abdel-Hameed, Michael Abdelmasseh, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Wael M Abdel-Rahman, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Sepideh Abdi, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Arman Abdous, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Adam Abdullahi, Auwal Abdullahi, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Kulmira Abdykerimova, Habtamu Abebe Getahun, 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Sarma, Mohammad Sarmadi, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarode, Satish Saroshe, Michele Sassano, Brijesh Sathian, Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan, Paul A Saunders, Mehrdad Savabi Far, Monika Sawhney, Sangeeta Gopal Saxena, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Abu Sayeed, Mete Saylan, Christophe Schinckus, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Rachel D Schneider, Art Schuermans, Austin E Schumacher, Ghil Schwarz, David C Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Catherine Schwinger, Amin Sedigh, Saravanan Sekaran, Mario Šekerija, Muthamizh Selvamani, Vimalraj Selvaraj, Yuliya Semenova, Mohammad H Semreen, Fikadu Waltengus Sendeku, Yigit Can Senol, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Andreea Claudia Serban, Edson Serván-Mori, Yashendra Sethi, Christian Sewor, Seyed Mohammad Seyed Alshohadaei, Allen Seylani, Matthew Seymour, Jamileh Shadid, Nilay S Shah, Sweni Shah, Shazlin Shaharudin, Muhammad Shahbaz, Samiah Shahid, Syed Ahsan Shahid, Wajeehah Shahid, Endrit Shahini, Fatemeh Shahrahmani, Hamid R Shahsavari, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Alireza Shakeri, Ali Shakerimoghaddam, Ali S Shalash, Sunder Sham, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Farzane Shams, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Anas Shamsi, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Dan Shan, Abhishek Shankar, Mohammed Shannawaz, Xian Shao, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi Rad, Avimanu Sharma, Bhoopesh Kumar Sharma, Bunty Sharma, Kamal Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Sourabh Sharma, Ujjawal Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Rajesh P Shastry, Shamee Shastry, Armin Shavandi, Ramzi Shawahna, Maryam Shayan, Babangida Shehu Bappah, Ali Sheidaei, Suchitra M Shenoy, Samendra P Sherchan, Suraj S Shetty, Fang Shi, Lin-Hong Shi, Mosa Shibani, Belayneh Fentahun Shibesh, Kenji Shibuya, Desalegn Shiferaw, Md Monir Hossain Shimul, Jae Il Shin, Min-Jeong Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Aminu Shittu, Abdul-karim Olayinka Shitu, Ivy Shiue, Velizar Shivarov, Nathan A Shlobin, Shayan Shojaei, Zahra Shokati Eshkiki, Azad Shokri, Sinegugu Nosipho Shongwe, Sina Shool, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Gambhir Shrestha, Sunil Shrestha, Kerem Shuval, Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Mohammad Sidiq, Martin Siegel, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Gustavo Correia Basto da Silva, João Pedro Silva, Juan Carlos Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Noah Joseph Bernard Silva de Leonardi, Padam Prasad Simkhada, Abhinav Singh, Akanksha Singh, Ambrish Singh, Baljinder Singh, Bhim Pratap Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Harpreet Singh, Jasbir Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Kalpana Singh, Lucky Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Poornima Suryanath Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Rakesh K Singh, Samer Singh, Satwinder Singh, Surendra Singh, Mukesh Kumar Sinha, Ratnesh Sinha, Robert Sinto, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Søren T Skou, David A Sleet, Erica Leigh N Slepak, Farrukh Sobia, MdSalman Sohel, Somaye Sohrabi, Balamrit Singh Sokhal, Ranjan Solanki, Solikhah Solikhah, Sameh S M Soliman, Weiyi Song, Younseong Song, Aayushi Sood, Prashant Sood, Soroush Soraneh, Reed J D Sorensen, Joan B Soriano, Michele Sorrentino, Fernando Sousa, Marco Aurelio Sousa, Ceren Soylu, Michael Spartalis, Sandra Spearman, Manraj Singh Sra, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Bahadar S Srichawla, Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy, Shyamkumar Sriram, Lauryn K Stafford, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Antonina V Starodubova, Simona Cătălina Ştefan, Caroline Stein, Dan J Stein, Caitlyn Steiner, Timothy J Steiner, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Aleksandar Stevanović, Leo Stockfelt, Lars Jacob Stovner, Kurt Straif, Peter Stubbs, Yu Su, Omer Subasi, Narayan Subedi, Claudia Kimie Suemoto, Alisha Suhag, Liang Sui, Thitiporn Sukaew, Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman, Auwal Garba Suleiman, Muritala Suleiman Odidi, Muhammad Suleman, Desy Sulistiyorini, Mark J M Sullman, Anusha Sultan Meo, Haitong Zhe Sun, Jing Sun, Mao-ling Sun, Xiaodong Sun, Zhong Sun, Zhuanlan Sun, Suraj Sundaragiri, Thanigaivel Sundaram, Johan Sundström, David Sunkersing, Sumam Sunny, Vinay Suresh, Chandan Kumar Swain, Vivianne M Swart, Dayinta Annisa Syaiful, Lukasz Szarpak, Mindy D Szeto, Sree Sudha T Y, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Shima Tabatabai, Celine Tabche, Ramin Tabibi, Mohammad Tabish, Jyothi Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Buhari Abdullahi Tafida, Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Yasaman Taheri Abkenar, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Amir Taherkhani, Jabeen Taiba, Shima Tajabadi, Iman M Talaat, Stella Talic, Byomkesh Talukder, Mircea Tampa, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Jianye Tan, Ker-Kan Tan, Shynar Tanabayeva, Haosu Tang, Ekamol Tantisattamo, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Mengistie Kassahun Tariku, Saba Tariq, Md Tariqujjaman, Nathan Y Tat, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Rahele Tavakoly, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Mebrahtu G Tedla, Amare Teshome Tefera, Mojtaba Teimoori, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Corey Teply, Masayuki Teramoto, Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Azimeraw Arega Tesfu, Jay Tewari, Alireza Teymouri, Omar Thaher, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Ismaeel Tharwat, Samar Tharwat, Hadiza Theyra-Enias, Mehakpreet Kaur Thind, Arun James Thirunavukarasu, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Rekha Thiruvengadam, Arulmani Thiyagarajan, Nihal Thomas, Geethika P Thota, Wei Tian, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Madi Tleshev, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Sojit Tomo, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Ali Torkashvand, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Khaled Trabelsi, Eugenio Traini, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc Ha Tran, Quynh Thuy Huong Tran, Tam Quoc Minh Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Domenico Trico, Indang Trihandini, Samuel Joseph Tromans, Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong, Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Gary Tse, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Lorainne Tudor Car, Mike Tuffour Amirikah, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Zhouting Tuo, Sok Cin Tye, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Atta Ullah, Himayat Ullah, Irfan Ullah, Saeed Ullah, Muhammad Umair, Krishna Kishore Umapathi, Lawan Umar, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Umar, Shehu Salihu Umar, Andrew Underwood-Nakamura, Dinesh Upadhya, Era Upadhyay, Dipan Uppal, Daniele Urso, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Kelechi Julian Uzor, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Pratyusha Vadagam, sara Vahdati, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Omid Vakili, Alireza Vakilian, Pascual R Valdez, Mario Valenti, Gelareh Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Giloume Van Der Walt, Aaron van Donkelaar, Javad Varasteh, Ravi Prasad Varma, Priya Vart, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Sampara Vasishta, Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Prabhakar Veginadu, Ashleigh S Vella, Balachandar Vellingiri, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Baskar Venkidasamy, Megan Verma, Poonam Verma, Massimiliano Veroux, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Dominique Vervoort, Simone Vidale, Simone Villa, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, David Villarreal-Zegarra, Francesco S Violante, Sharath Chaitanya Vipparthy, Rachel Visontay, Luciano Magalhães Vitorino, Vasily Vlassov, Martin Vojtek, Stein Emil Vollset, Avina Vongpradith, Mehdi Vosoughi, Elpida Vounzoulaki, Hai Nam Vu, Linh Vu, Yasir Waheed, Mugi Wahidin, Megha Walia, Agnes Wamuyu Wamai, Jin-Yi Wan, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Lei Wang, Liang Wang, Ruixuan Wang, Shaopan Wang, Shu Wang, Wei Wang, Xing Wang, Xuequan Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yichen Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Zhihua Wang, Tanveer A Wani, Mary Njeri Wanjau, Ahmed Bilal Waqar, Muhammad Waqas, Paul Ward, Toyiba Hiyaru Wassie, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Ishanka Weerasekara, Fei-Long Wei, Xueying Wei, Robert G Weintraub, Daniel J Weiss, Eli J Weiss, Yi Feng Wen, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Joanna L Whisnant, Harvey A Whiteford, Taweewat Wiangkham, Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Samuel Wiebe, Angga Wilandika, Peter Willeit, Shadrach Wilson, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Gemechu Kumera Wirtu, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Abay Tadesse Woday, Marcin W Wojewodzic, Axel Walter Wolf, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Yohannes Chemere Wondmeneh, Daniel Tarekegn Worede, Minichil Chanie Worku, Nigus Kassie Worku, Ai-Min Wu, Chenkai Wu, Felicia Wu, James Fan Wu, Jiayuan Wu, Jinyi Wu, Shi-Nan Wu, Zenghong Wu, Yihun Miskir Wubie, Yanjie Xia, Zhijia Xia, Guangqin Xiao, Hong Xiao, Na Xiao, Wanqing Xie, Hongquan Xing, Site Xu, Suowen Xu, Wanqing Xu, Xiang Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Vikas Yadav, Mahnaz Yadollahi, Sajad Yaghoubi, Saba Yahoo (Syed), Galal Yahya, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Guangcan Yan, Haibo Yang, Weiguang Yang, Xinxin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Haiqiang Yao, Laiang Yao, Amir Yarahmadi, Haya Yasin, Mohamed A Yassin, Yuichi Yasufuku, Sanni Yaya, Pengpeng Ye, Meghdad Yeganeh, Ali Cem Yekdeş, Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali, Kuanysh A Yergaliyev, Renjulal Yesodharan, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Siyan Yi, Muluken Yigezu, Zeamanuel Anteneh Yigzaw, Dehui Yin, Yulai Yin, Paul Yip, Malede Berihun Yismaw, Yazachew Engida Yismaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Abdilahi Yousuf, Chuanhua Yu, Jian Yu, Yong Yu, Faith H Yuh, Ghazala Yunus, Umar Yunusa, Aminu Abba Yusuf, Monal Yuwanati, Siddhesh Zadey, Vesna Zadnik, Mubashir Zafar, Manijeh Zaghampour, Emilia Zainal Abidin, Fathiah Zakham, Nazar Zaki, Giulia Zamagni, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Sojib Bin Zaman, Abu Sarwar Zamani, Nelson Zamora, Aurora Zanghì, Heather J Zar, Kourosh Zarea, Mohammed Zawiah, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Abay Mulu Zenebe, Sebastian Zensen, Eyael M Zeru, Tiansong Zhan, Yongle Zhan, Beijian Zhang, Casper J P Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Jingya Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Meixin Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jianhui Zhao, Sheng Zhao, Zhongyi Zhao, Jinxin Zheng, Ming-Hua Zheng, Peng Zheng, Claire Chenwen Zhong, Jiayan Zhou, Juexiao Zhou, Maigeng Zhou, Bin Zhu, Zhengyang Zhu, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Magdalena Zielińska, Liu Zihao, Ghazal Zoghi, Mohamed Ali Zoromba, Zhiyong Zou, Rafat Mohammad Zrieq, Liesl J Zuhlke, Lilik Zuhriyah, Alimuddin Zumla, Ahed H Zyoud, Sa'ed H Zyoud, Shaher H Zyoud, Michael Brauer, Theo Vos, Christopher J L Murray, Emmanuela Gakidou Lancet, 2025 BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31-1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63-2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9-6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176-209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141-172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2-107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0-107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6-42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5-25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837-917) in 2010 to 681 million (642-736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6-28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7-61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0-48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6-56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6-22·0) and 24·8% (7·4-36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7-19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18-1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation-with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9-10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories-behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational-risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8-37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0-11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023-eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7-65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3-63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6-72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3-53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [-2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant). INTERPRETATION: Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors-eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic-the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges-will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity. FUNDING: Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes based on agro-morphological traits and SNP markers Abebawork Tilahun Assfaw, Olasanmi Bunmi, Agre Paterne, Godfree Chigeza, Hapson Mushoriwa, Kayode Fowobaje, Abush Tesfaye Abebe Plos One, 2025 Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the world’s most important oilseed crops and has adapted to various environmental conditions. Yields of soybeans in Nigeria are notably low due to different production constraints, including the limited availability of improved varieties and the slow replacement rate of old varieties with new and high-yielding ones. Ensuring high genetic diversity in the working germplasm is among the primary factors for the success of breeding programs in identifying high-yielding and well-adapted improved varieties. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 45 soybean breeding lines of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture soybean breeding program at the advanced evaluation stage based on phenotypic traits and SNP markers to support breeding strategies. Field trials were conducted in 2022 across three International Institute of Tropical Agriculture stations in Nigeria using a 5 × 9 alpha-lattice design with three replications. The collected yield and yield component data were subjected to analysis of variance, mean comparison, principal component analyses, and cluster analyses using R software. The genotypes were further assessed using 10,630 SNP markers obtained from DArTseq genotyping. The combined analysis of variance revealed a significant genotype × location interaction for grain yield and a highly significant difference in days to 50% flowering and days to 95% maturity. The genotypes G02, G10, G11, G01, and G24 were significantly superior in grain yield. Principal component analysis showed that the first three components explained 64.8% of total variation, with major contributions from traits such as lodging score, hundred seed weight, plant height, nodulation, and days to 50% flowering. Hierarchical clustering grouped the genotypes into five clusters, highlighting desirable traits such as high yield, early maturity, and lodging tolerance. SNP-based population structure grouped the genotypes into three distinct subpopulations. The SNP markers showed average observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, minor allele frequency, and polymorphic information content of 0.08, 0.27, 0.20, and 0.22, respectively, which showed the existence of considerable genetic variation among the studied genotypes.
Repeatability and genetic advances in early maturing maize hybrid trials conducted under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions Adamu Masari Abubakar, Idris Ishola Adejumobi, Kayode Rapheal Fowobaje, Ibnou Dieng, Zakariya Saminu, Simon Imoro, Baffour Badu-Apraku Plos One, 2025 In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), maize (Zea mays L.) is both a cash crop and an important staple crop. However, Striga hermonthica infection constrains its production and productivity. A total of 159 hybrids from 21 international trials were evaluated under Striga-infested (STRINF) and Striga non-infested (STRNON) conditions at Mokwa and Abuja, Nigeria, from 2010 to 2021. The data were used to (i) determine the genetic enhancements in grain yield and Striga adaptive traits and (ii) assess the repeatability of the trials in identification of promising hybrids. Significant annual genetic gains in grain yield of 3.40% and 3.71% with increases of 76.87 and 127.02 kg ha − 1 yr − 1 were recorded under STRINF and STRNON conditions, respectively. The genetic gains in grain yield were associated with 3.04 and 2.25% decreases in Striga damage ratings at 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP), respectively, and 1.27% in the number of emerged Striga plants at 10 WAP. The results indicated that ears per plant and flowering dates had the highest consistency in repeatability estimates while the number of emerged Striga plants at 8 and 10 WAP recorded the lowest consistency in repeatability estimates. Generally, substantial progress has been achieved with a good level of repeatability estimates for the early maturing maize hybrid trials evaluated under STRINF and STRNON conditions.Those results have demonstrated that the breeding strategies adopted during the 12-year breeding period have been effective, and that the potential of the trials in the exploration of the genetic potential of the hybrids for commercialization in the SSA for food security and poverty alleviation.
High-Throughput Field Screening of Cassava Brown Streak Disease Resistance for Efficient and Cost-Saving Breeding Selection Mouritala Sikirou, Najimu Adetoro, Samar Sheat, Eric Musungayi, Romain Mungangan, Miafuntila Pierre, Kayode Fowobaje, Ibnou Dieng, Zoumana Bamba, Ismail Rabbi, Hapson Mushoriwa, Stephan Winter Agronomy, 2025 Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) remains the most severe threat to cassava production in the Great Lakes region and Southern Africa. Screening for virus resistance by subjecting cassava to high virus pressure in the epidemic zone (hotspots) is a common but lengthy process because of unpredictable and erratic virus infections requiring multiple seasons for disease evaluation. This study investigated the feasibility of graft-infections to provide a highly controlled infection process that is robust and reproducible to select and eliminate susceptible cassava at the early stages and to predict the resistance of adapted and economically valuable varieties. To achieve this, a collection of cassava germplasm from the Democratic Republic of Congo and a different set of breeding trials comprising two seed nurseries and one preliminary yield trial were established. The cassava varieties OBAMA and NAROCASS 1 infected with CBSD were planted one month after establishment of the main trials in a 50 m2 plot to serve as the source of the infection and to provide scions to graft approximately 1 ha. Grafted plants were inspected for virus symptoms and additionally tested by RT-qPCR for sensitive detection of the viruses. The incidence and severity of CBSD and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms were scored at different stages of plant growth and fresh root yield determined at harvesting. The results from the field experiments proved that graft-infection with infected plants showed rapid symptom development in susceptible cassava plants allowing instant exclusion of those lines from the next breeding cycle. High heritability, with values ranging from 0.63 to 0.97, was further recorded for leaf and root symptoms, respectively. Indeed, only a few cassava progenies were selected while clones DSC260 and two species of M. glaziovii (Glaziovii20210005 and Glaziovii20210006) showed resistance to CBSD. Taken together, grafting scions from infected cassava is a highly efficient and cost-effective method to infect cassava with CBSD even under rugged field conditions. It replaces an erratic infection process with a controlled method to ensure precise screening and selection for virus resistance. The clones identified as resistant could serve as elite donors for introgression, facilitating the transfer of resistance to CBSD.
Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Michael Benjamin Arndt, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Hassan Abidi, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Yonas Derso Abtew, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Kidist Adamu, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Saira Afzal, Antonella Agodi, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Luai A A Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Maxwell Akonde, Hanadi Al Hamad, Yazan Al Thaher, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khalid F Alhabib, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Sami Almustanyir, Mahmoud A Alomari, Alaa B Al-Tammemi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Tadele Fentabel Fentabil Anagaw, Robert Ancuceanu, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Mesay Arkew, Benedetta Armocida, Ashokan Arumugam, Ni Ketut Aryastami, Malke Asaad, Zatollah Asemi, Mulu Tiruneh Asemu, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Gamechu Hunde Atomsa, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Avinash Aujayeb, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Sina Azadnajafabad, Rui M S Azevedo, Darshan B B, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Madhan Balasubramanian, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Martina Barchitta, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Ronald D Barr, Amadou Barrow, Lingkan Barua, Azadeh Bashiri, Pritish Baskaran, Saurav Basu, Alehegn Bekele, Sefealem Assefa Belay, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Shelly L Bell, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Girma Beressa, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Habtamu B Beyene, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Natalia V Bhattacharjee, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Saeid Bitaraf, Virginia Bodolica, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Dejana Braithwaite, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Zahid A Butt, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Chao Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Márcia Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Alberico L Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Joshua Chadwick, Julian Chalek, Eeshwar K Chandrasekar, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Kirti Chauhan, Ju-Huei Chien, Abdulaal Chitheer, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Rafael M Claro, Alyssa Columbus, Samuele Cortese, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Bashir Dabo, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Isaac Darban, Gary L Darmstadt, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Kairat Davletov, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Dessalegn Demeke, Solomon Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Saeid Doaei, Deepa Dongarwar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Sareh Edalati, Hisham Atan Edinur, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iffat Elbarazi, Islam Y Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Habitu Birhan Eshetu, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Habtamu Esubalew, Farshid Etaee, Werku Etafa, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Luca Falzone, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Sam Farmer, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Valery L Feigin, Alireza Feizkhah, Xiaoqi Feng, Pietro Ferrara, Getahun Fetensa, Florian Fischer, Ryan Fitzgerald, David Flood, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Muktar A Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Santosh Gaihre, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaseen Galali, Nasrin Galehdar, William M Gardner, Priyanka Garg, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Urge Gerema, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Solomon Getawa, Kazem Ghaffari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Fariba Ghassemi, Nermin Ghith, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Ali Gholami, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Sherief Ghozy, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K Gill, James C Glasbey, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Houman Goudarzi, Michal Grivna, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Avirup Guha, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Hailey Hagins, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Alexis J Handal, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Harapan Harapan, Arief Hargono, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Jiawei He, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamran Hessami, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Praveen Hoogar, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Kyle Matthew Humphrey, Salman Hussain, Foziya Mohammed Hussien, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Farideh Iravanpour, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Hiroyasu Iso, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Linda Merin J, Louis Jacob, Haitham Jahrami, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Rime Jebai, Alelign Tasew Jema, Bijay Mukesh Jeswani, Jost B Jonas, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Patrick DMC Katoto, Joonas H Kauppila, Harkiran Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Worku Misganaw Kebede, Jemal Yusuf Kebira, Tibebeselassie S Keflie, Jessica A Kerr, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Nauman Khalid, Mohammad Khammarnia, M Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Taimoor Khan, Yusra H Khan, Javad Khanali, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Khaled Khatab, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Sorour Khateri, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Jagdish Khubchandani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Gyu Ri Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Farzad Kompani, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah Kondlahalli, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Oleksii Korzh, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Mohammed Kuddus, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Almagul Kurmanova, Om P Kurmi, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Anders O Larsson, Kamaluddin Latief, Caterina Ledda, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Virendra S Ligade, Stephen S Lim, Paulina A Lindstedt, Chun-Han Lo, Justin Lo, Rakesh Lodha, Arianna Maever Loreche, László Lorenzovici, Stefan Lorkowski, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Konstantinos Christos Makris, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Ahmad Azam Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Helena Manguerra, Abdoljalal Marjani, Santi Martini, Miquel Martorell, Awoke Masrie, Elezebeth Mathews, Andrea Maugeri, Maryam Mazaheri, Rishi P Mediratta, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, George A Mensah, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Tomasz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Moonis Mirza, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Shane Douglas Morrison, Vincent Mougin, Sumaira Mubarik, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Francesk Mulita, Daniel Munblit, Efren Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Ghulam Mustafa, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Zuhair S Natto, Muhammad Naveed, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Phuong The Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Nurulamin M Noor, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Dieta Nurrika, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Bogdan Oancea, Kehinde O Obamiro, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Daniel Micheal Okello, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Diriba Dereje Olana, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Sok King Ong, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto Ortiz, Sergej M Ostojic, Adrian Otoiu, Abdu Oumer, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Shahina Pardhan, Maja Pasovic, Jay Patel, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Deepak Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Gavin Pereira, Marcos Pereira, Norberto Perico, Simone Perna, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Nishad Plakkal, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Amir Radfar, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Catalina Raggi, Pankaja Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Ivano Raimondo, Sathish Rajaa, Prashant Rajput, Pradhum Ram, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Sheena Ramazanu, Chythra R Rao, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Kannan RR Rengasamy, Andre M N Renzaho, Malihe Rezaee, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, Jennifer Rickard, Alina Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Peter Rohloff, Bedanta Roy, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Chandan S N, Aly M A Saad, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Malihe Sadeghi, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sher Zaman Safi, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Marwa Rashad Salem, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Itamar S Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Saman Sargazi, Yaser Sarikhani, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Abu Sayeed, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Markus P Schlaich, Rachel D Schneider, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Dragos Serban, Allen Seylani, Mahan Shafie, Pritik A Shah, Ataollah Shahbandi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Adisu Tafari T Shama, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohd Shanawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Pavanchand H Shetty, Rahman Shiri, Velizar Shivarov, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Kerem Shuval, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Yonatan Solomon, Yi Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Muhammad Suleman, Jing Sun, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Mindy D Szeto, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Shima Tabatabai, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Jacques Lukenze JL Tamuzi, Ker-Kan Tan, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Zerihun Tariku, Md Tariqujjaman, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Nathan Y Tat, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Heather Jean Taylor, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Masayuki Teramoto, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Rekha Thapar, Arulmani Thiyagarajan, Amanda G Thrift, Ales Tichopad, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tala Tillawi, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sana Ullah, Eduardo A Undurraga, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Tolassa Wakayo Ushula, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Alireza Vakilian, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Rohollah Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Madhur Verma, Massimiliano Veroux, Dominique Vervoort, Vasily Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Molla Mesele Wassie, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Melissa Y Wei, Andrea Werdecker, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Asrat Arja Wolde, Gedif Ashebir Wubetie, Ratna Dwi Wulandari, Rongbin Xu, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Lalit Yadav, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Sanni Yaya, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet, Arzu Yiğit, Vahit Yiğit, Dong Keon Yon, Chuanhua Yu, Chun-Wei Yuan, Giulia Zamagni, Sojib Bin Zaman, Aurora Zanghì, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Michael Zastrozhin, Bethany Zigler, Mohammad Zoladl, Zhiyong Zou, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Robert C Reiner Lancet, 2024 BACKGROUND: The six global nutrition targets (GNTs) related to low birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth (ie, wasting, stunting, and overweight), and anaemia among females of reproductive age were chosen by the World Health Assembly in 2012 as key indicators of maternal and child health, but there has yet to be a comprehensive report on progress for the period 2012 to 2021. We aimed to evaluate levels, trends, and observed-to-expected progress in prevalence and attributable burden from 2012 to 2021, with prevalence projections to 2050, in 204 countries and territories. METHODS: The prevalence and attributable burden of each target indicator were estimated by age group, sex, and year in 204 countries and territories from 2012 to 2021 in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, the most comprehensive assessment of causes of death, disability, and risk factors to date. Country-specific relative performance to date was evaluated with a Bayesian meta-regression model that compares prevalence to expected values based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of societal development status. Target progress was forecasted from 2021 up to 2050 by modelling past trends with meta-regression using a combination of key quantities and then extrapolating future projections of those quantities. FINDINGS: In 2021, a few countries had already met some of the GNTs: five for exclusive breastfeeding, four for stunting, 96 for child wasting, and three for child overweight, and none met the target for low birthweight or anaemia in females of reproductive age. Since 2012, the annualised rates of change (ARC) in the prevalence of child overweight increased in 201 countries and territories and ARC in the prevalence of anaemia in females of reproductive age decreased considerably in 26 countries. Between 2012 and 2021, SDI was strongly associated with indicator prevalence, apart from exclusive breastfeeding (|r-|=0·46-0·86). Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa had a decrease in the prevalence of multiple indicators that was more rapid than expected on the basis of SDI (the differences between observed and expected ARCs for child stunting and wasting were -0·5% and -1·3%, respectively). The ARC in the attributable burden of low birthweight, child stunting, and child wasting decreased faster than the ARC of the prevalence for each in most low-income and middle-income countries. In 2030, we project that 94 countries will meet one of the six targets, 21 countries will meet two targets, and 89 countries will not meet any targets. We project that seven countries will meet the target for exclusive breastfeeding, 28 for child stunting, and 101 for child wasting, and no countries will meet the targets for low birthweight, child overweight, and anaemia. In 2050, we project that seven additional countries will meet the target for exclusive breastfeeding, five for low birthweight, 96 for child stunting, nine for child wasting, and one for child overweight, and no countries are projected to meet the anaemia target. INTERPRETATION: Based on current levels and past trends, few GNTs will be met by 2030. Major reductions in attributable burden for exclusive breastfeeding and anthropometric indicators should be recognised as huge scientific and policy successes, but the comparative lack of progress in reducing the prevalence of each, along with stagnant anaemia in women of reproductive age and widespread increases in child overweight, suggests a tenuous status quo. Continued investment in preventive and treatment efforts for acute childhood illness is crucial to prevent backsliding. Parallel development of effective treatments, along with commitment to multisectoral, long-term policies to address the determinants and causes of suboptimal nutrition, are sorely needed to gain ground. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Patients' Acceptance of Glaucoma Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa Olusola Olawoye, Tarela Sarimiye, Jennifer Washaya, Girum W. Gessesse, Komi Balo, Jeremie Agre, Boniface Macheka, Nkiru Kizor-Akaraiwe, Jonathan Pons, Adeyinka Ashaye, Farouk Garba, Richard Chitedze, Affiong Ibanga, Abdull Mahdi, Adunola Ogunro, Patrick Budengeri, Haroun Adetunji Ajibode, Lemlem Tamrat, Adeola Onakoya, Suhanyah Okeke, Abeba T. Giorgis, Chimdi Chuka Okosa, Kayode Fowobaje, Stephen Cook, Scott Lawrence, Ving Fai Chan, Augusto Azuara Blanco, Nathan Congdon, Tony Realini, and Journal of Glaucoma, 2024 Précis: Patients’ acceptance of glaucoma therapy was high overall in this study, but lower for surgery than for laser or medical therapy. Fear and cost were the leading reasons why patients declined recommended therapy and they were treatment-specific. Cost was the primary reason for declining medical and laser therapy, while fear was the most common reason for declining surgical therapy. Purpose: To determine the frequency at which patients newly diagnosed with glaucoma in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) decline recommended therapy and to characterize the reasons for declining therapy. Methods: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients at the time of glaucoma diagnosis at 27 centers in 10 countries in SSA. Data collected from the diagnostic encounter included demographics, clinical glaucoma characteristics, treatment recommendations, patient acceptance of therapy, and reasons for declining therapy. Results: Among 2282 eyes of 1198 patients offered treatment for glaucoma, initially recommended treatment was accepted in 2126 eyes (93.2%). Acceptance of therapy varied with the nature of treatment offered, with medical therapy accepted in 99.2% of eyes, laser therapy in 88.3%, and surgical therapy in 69.3%. The most common reasons cited for declining therapy were fear (42.9%) and cost (41.7%); cost was the primary reason for declining medical and laser therapy, while fear was the most common reason for declining surgical therapy. Most patients declining laser or surgical therapy accepted medical therapy as an alternate therapy (98.1%). Conclusions: Patients’ acceptance of glaucoma therapy was high overall, but lower for surgery than for laser or medical therapy. Most patients who declined laser or surgical therapy accepted medical therapy as an alternate therapy when offered. Educational interventions, sustainable incentives, and other approaches are needed to enhance patient acceptance of glaucoma therapy in this setting, particularly surgery, when needed.
Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by glaucoma: A meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 , Rupert R. A. Bourne, Jost B. Jonas, David Friedman, Vinay Nangia, Alain Bron, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Alessandro Arrigo, Nicolas Leveziel, Serge Resnikoff, Hugh R. Taylor, Tabassom Sedighi, Mukkharram M. Bikbov, Tasanee Braithwaite, Ching-Yu Cheng, Nathan Congdon, Monte A. Del Monte, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Tim Fricke, João M. Furtado, Gus Gazzard, Ronnie George, M. Elizabeth Hartnett, Rim Kahloun, John H. Kempen, Moncef Khairallah, Rohit C. Khanna, Judy E. Kim, Van Charles Lansingh, Janet Leasher, Kovin S. Naidoo, Michal Nowak, Konrad Pesudovs, Tunde Peto, Pradeep Ramulu, Fotis Topouzis, Mitiadis Tsilimbaris, Ya Xing Wang, Ningli Wang, Seth Flaxman, , Rupert R. A. Bourne, Jost B. Jonas, Robert James Casson, David S. Friedman, Vinay Nangia, Alain M. Bron, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Nicolas Leveziel, Paul Svitil Briant, Theo Vos, Serge Resnikoff, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abate, Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi, Mozhan Abdollahi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Salahdein Aburuz, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shahin Aghamiri, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Danish Ahmad, Hamid Ahmadieh, Hooman Ahmadzadeh, Ayman Ahmed, Ahmad Samir Alfaar, Cyrus Alinia, Louay Almidani, Hubert Amu, Sofia Androudi, Abhishek Anil, Jalal Arabloo, Damelash Areda, Tahira Ashraf, Sara Bagherieh, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Mehmet Firat Baran, Amadou Barrow, Azadeh Bashiri, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Fatemeh Bazvand, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Mukharram Bikbov, Marina G. Birck, Veera R. Bitra, Marija M. Bozic, Tasanee Braithwaite, Katrin Burkart, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A. Butt, Muthia Cenderadewi, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Kaleb Coberly, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Ana Maria Dascalu, Anna Dastiridou, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Meghnath Dhimal, Daniel Diaz, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Thanh Chi Do, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Michael Ekholuenetale, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Mehdi Emamverdi, Hossein Farrokhpour, Getahun Fetensa, Florian Fischer, Ali Forouhari, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, João M. Furtado, Aravind P. Gandhi, Miglas W. W. Gebregergis, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Sapna Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Golnaz Heidari, Sung Hwi Hong, Hong-Han Huynh, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M. Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Rim Kahloun, Himal Kandel, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Hengameh Kasraei, Getu Mosisa Kebebew, John H. Kempen, Mahmoud Tawfik KhalafAlla, Sudarshan Khanal, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Kewal Krishan, Chandrakant Lahariya, Janet L. Leasher, Stephen S. Lim, Roy Rillera Marzo, Andrea Maugeri, Yang Meng, Tomislav Mestrovic, Manish Mishra, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Hoda Mojiri-forushani, Ali H. Mokdad, Hamed Momeni-Moghaddam, Fateme Montazeri, Admir Mulita, Christopher J. L. Murray, Mahdi Nabi Foodani, Ganesh R. Naik, Zuhair S. Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Mohammad Negaresh, Hadush Negash, Dang H. Nguyen, Bogdan Oancea, Andrew T. Olagunju, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Wael M. S. Osman, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Seoyeon Park, Jay Patel, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Konrad Pesudovs, Hoang Tran Pham, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Ibrahim Qattea, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Deepthi Rapaka, Salman Rawaf, Nazila Rezaei, Priyanka Roy, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Sher Zaman Safi, Sare Safi, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Mohamed A. Saleh, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M. Samy, Aswini Saravanan, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mohammed Shannawaz, Bereket Beyene Shashamo, Maryam Shayan, Aminu Shittu, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Jasvinder A. Singh, Yonatan Solomon, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Mohammad Tabish, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Temesgen Mohammed Toma, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay, Rohollah Valizadeh, Maria Viskadourou, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Dong Keon Yon, Yuyi You, Seth Flaxman, Jaimie D. Steinmetz Eye Basingstoke, 2024 Objectives To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by glaucoma and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and grey literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends in number of people with vision loss due to glaucoma. Moderate or severe vision loss (MSVI) was defined as visual acuity of 6/60 or better but <6/18 (moderate) and visual acuity of 3/60 or better but <6/60 (severe vision loss). Blindness was defined as presenting visual acuity <3/60. Results Globally, in 2020, 3.61 million people were blind and nearly 4.14 million were visually impaired by glaucoma. Glaucoma accounted for 8.39% (95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]: 6.54, 10.29) of all blindness and 1.41% (95% UI: 1.10, 1.75) of all MSVI. Regionally, the highest proportion of blindness relating to glaucoma was found in high-income countries (26.12% [95% UI: 20.72, 32.09]), while the region with the highest age-standardized prevalence of glaucoma-related blindness and MSVI was Sub-Saharan Africa. Between 2000 and 2020, global age-standardized prevalence of glaucoma-related blindness among adults ≥50 years decreased by 26.06% among males (95% UI: 25.87, 26.24), and by 21.75% among females (95% UI: 21.54, 21.96), while MSVI due to glaucoma increased by 3.7% among males (95% UI: 3.42, 3.98), and by 7.3% in females (95% UI: 7.01, 7.59). Conclusions Within the last two decades, glaucoma has remained a major cause of blindness globally and regionally.
Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 , João M. Furtado, Jost B. Jonas, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Alessandro Arrigo, Nicolas Leveziel, Serge Resnikoff, Hugh R. Taylor, Tabassom Sedighi, Seth Flaxman, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Mukkharram M. Bikbov, Tasanee Braithwaite, Alain Bron, Ching-Yu Cheng, Nathan Congdon, Monte A. Del Monte, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Tim Fricke, David Friedman, Gus Gazzard, M. Elizabeth Hartnett, Rim Kahloun, John H. Kempen, Moncef Khairallah, Rohit C. Khanna, Judy E. Kim, Van Charles Lansingh, Janet Leasher, Kovin S. Naidoo, Vinay Nangia, Michal Nowak, Konrad Pesudovs, Tunde Peto, Pradeep Ramulu, Fotis Topouzis, Mitiadis Tsilimbaris, Ya Xing Wang, Ningli Wang, Rupert R. A. Bourne, João M. Furtado, Jost B. Jonas, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Nicolas Leveziel, Paul Svitil Briant, Theo Vos, Serge Resnikoff, Florian Fischer, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Mohammad Abdollahi, Tadele Girum Girum Adal, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Kishor Adhikari, Prerna Agarwal, Antonella Agodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Aqeel Ahmad, Hamid Ahmadieh, Hooman Ahmadzadeh, Fares Alahdab, Ahmad Samir Alfaar, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Louay Almidani, Sofia Androudi, Abhishek Anil, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Alok Atreya, Melese Kitu Ayalew, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Sara Bagherieh, Ruhai Bai, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Fatemeh Bazvand, Ahmet Begde, Babak Behnam, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Marina G. Birck, Tasanee Braithwaite, Katrin Burkart, Yasser Bustanji, Florentino L. Caetano dos Santos, Vera L. A. Carneiro, Muthia Cenderadewi, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Dinh-Toi Chu, Kaleb Coberly, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Ana Maria Dascalu, Mohsen Dashti, Anna Dastiridou, Maedeh Dastmardi, Xinlei Deng, Nikolaos Dervenis, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iman El Sayed, Muhammed Elhadi, Mehdi Emamverdi, Ambaw Abebaw Emrie, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Umar Farooq, Hossein Farrokhpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Alireza Feizkhah, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Getahun Fetensa, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Seth Flaxman, Ali Forouhari, Matteo Foschi, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Aravind P. Gandhi, Tilaye Gebru Gebi, Miglas W. Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Brhane Gebremariam, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Molalegn Mesele Gesese, Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani, Fariba Ghassemi, Sherief Ghozy, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile, Semira Goitom Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Aram Halimi, Shahin Hallaj, Billy Randall Hammond, Ikramul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Sung Hwi Hong, Praveen Hoogar, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Chengxi Hu, Hong-Han Huynh, Mustapha Immurana, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Louis Jacob, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Shubha Jayaram, Mohammad Jokar, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Gebisa Guyasa Kabito, Laleh R. Kalankesh, Sagarika Kamath, Himal Kandel, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Hengameh Kasraei, Gbenga A. Kayode, Shemsu Kedir, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Zahra Khorrami, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Soewarta Kosen, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Chandrakant Lahariya, Tri Laksono, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Van Charles Lansingh, Trang D. T. Le, Janet L. Leasher, Munjae Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Stephen S. Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Alireza Mahmoudi, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Kashish Malhotra, Vahid Mansouri, Roy Rillera Marzo, Andrea Maugeri, Colm McAlinden, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Abera M. Mersha, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ephrem Tesfaye Mihretie, Mehdi Mirzaei, Prasanna Mithra, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Soheil Mohammadi, Abdulwase Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Mohammad Ali Moni, Fateme Montazeri, Maryam Moradi, Parsa Mousavi, Ahmed Nuru Muhamed, Admir Mulita, Kovin S. Naidoo, Ganesh R. Naik, Shumaila Nargus, Zuhair S. Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Mohammad Negaresh, Hadush Negash, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Dang H. Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Mamoona Noreen, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Ismail A. Odetokun, Andrew T. Olagunju, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Michal Ordak, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Nikita Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Parsa Panahi, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Jay Patel, Venkata Suresh Patthipati, Shrikant Pawar, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Hoang Tran Pham, Ibrahim Qattea, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Premkumar Ramasubramani, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Annisa Utami Rauf, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Nazila Rezaei, Priyanka Roy, Zahra Saadatian, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Sare Safi, Sher Zaman Safi, Amene Saghazadeh, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Saina Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Mohamed A. Saleh, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M. Samy, Aswini Saravanan, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Sayed Mansoor Sediqi, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Yashendra Sethi, Allen Seylani, Jaffer Shah, Samiah Shahid, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Maryam Shayan, Mika Shigematsu, Aminu Shittu, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Juan Carlos Silva, Jasvinder A. Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Eirini Skiadaresi, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Vladimir I. Starodubov, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Saif Ullah, Muhammad Umair, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Guadie Sharew Wondimagegn, Lin Yang, Arzu Yiğit, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Hanqing Zhao, Peng Zheng, Makan Ziafati, Magdalena Zielińska, Jaimie D. Steinmetz, Rupert R. A. Bourne, and Eye Basingstoke, 2024
Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 Konrad Pesudovs, Van Charles Lansingh, John H. Kempen, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria V. Cicinelli, Alessandro Arrigo, Nicolas Leveziel, Paul Svitil Briant, Theo Vos, Serge Resnikoff, Hugh R. Taylor, Tabassom Sedighi, Seth Flaxman, Jaimie Steinmetz, Rupert Bourne, Konrad Pesudovs, Van Charles Lansingh, John H. Kempen, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Alessandro Arrigo, Nicolas Leveziel, Serge Resnikoff, Hugh R. Taylor, Tabassom Sedighi, Mukkharram M. Bikbov, Tasanee Braithwaite, Alain Bron, Ching-Yu Cheng, Monte A. Del Monte, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Leon B. Ellwein, David Friedman, João M. Furtado, Gus Gazzard, Ronnie George, M. Elizabeth Hartnett, Jost B. Jonas, Rim Kahloun, Moncef Khairallah, Rohit C. Khanna, Janet Leasher, Julie-Anne Little, Vinay Nangia, Michal Nowak, Tunde Peto, Pradeep Ramulu, Fotis Topouzis, Mitiadis Tsilimbaris, Ya Xing Wang, Ningli Wang, Rupert Bourne, Konrad Pesudovs, Van Charles Lansingh, John H. Kempen, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Alessandro Arrigo, Nicolas Leveziel, Theo Vos, Serge Resnikoff, Tabassom Sedighi, Seth Flaxman, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Mohammad Abdollahi, Mozhan Abdollahi, Ayele Mamo Abebe, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Hasan Abualruz, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Salahdein Aburuz, Tadele Girum Girum Adal, Mesafint Molla Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Shahin Aghamiri, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Ahmad Samir Alfaar, Abid Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Awais Altaf, Hubert Amu, Sofia Androudi, Rodrigo Anguita, Abhishek Anil, Saeid Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Francis Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Damelash Areda, Reza Arefnezhad, Brhane Berhe Aregawi, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Tahira Ashraf, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Alok Atreya, Haleh Ayatollahi, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Hassan Babamohamadi, Sara Bagherieh, Yogesh Bahurupi, Atif Amin Baig, Biswajit Banik, Mainak Bardhan, Saurav Basu, Kavita Batra, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Fatemeh Bazvand, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Devidas S. Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Mukharram Bikbov, Niloufar Bineshfar, Marina G. Birck, Veera R. Bitra, Tasanee Braithwaite, Katrin Burkart, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A. Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Vera L. A. Carneiro, Muthia Cenderadewi, Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Nitin Chitranshi, Hitesh Chopra, Dinh-Toi Chu, Kaleb Coberly, João M. Coelho, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Subasish Das, Ana Maria Dascalu, Mohsen Dashti, Maedeh Dastmardi, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Biniyam Demisse, Diriba Dereje, Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese, Nikolaos Dervenis, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Francisco Winter dos Santos Figueiredo, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iman El Sayed, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Mehdi Emamverdi, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Hossein Farrokhpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Alireza Feizkhah, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Getahun Fetensa, Florian Fischer, Ali Forouhari, Matteo Foschi, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Aravind P. Gandhi, Miglas W. W. Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Brhane Gebremariam, Urge Gerema, Fariba Ghassemi, Sherief Ghozy, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Shi-Yang Guan, Zewdie Gudisa, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Aram Halimi, Shahin Hallaj, Samer Hamidi, Mehdi Harorani, Hamidreza Hasani, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Ramesh Holla, Sung Hwi Hong, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Chengxi Hu, John J. Huang, Hong-Han Huynh, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M. Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Md. Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Louis Jacob, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Shubha Jayaram, Har Ashish Jindal, Mohammad Jokar, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Vidya Kadashetti, Laleh R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Sagarika Kamath, Himal Kandel, Rami S. Kantar, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Hengameh Kasraei, Soujanya Kaup, Navjot Kaur, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A. Kayode, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Adnan Kisa, Soewarta Kosen, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Nithin Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Chandrakant Lahariya, Tuo Lan, Iván Landires, Janet L. Leasher, Munjae Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Stephen S. Lim, Julie-Anne Little, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Sandeep B. Maharaj, Alireza Mahmoudi, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Kashish Malhotra, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Vahid Mansouri, Emmanuel Manu, Roy Rillera Marzo, Andrea Maugeri, Colm McAlinden, Wondwosen Mebratu, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Yang Meng, Abera M. Mersha, Tomislav Mestrovic, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Awoke Misganaw, Manish Mishra, Sanjeev Misra, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Soheil Mohammadi, Mustapha Mohammed, Hoda Mojiri-forushani, Ali H. Mokdad, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Mohammad Ali Moni, Fateme Montazeri, Maryam Moradi, Rohith Motappa, Parsa Mousavi, Admir Mulita, Christopher J. L. Murray, Ganesh R. Naik, Gurudatta Naik, Shumaila Nargus, Zuhair S. Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Mohammad Negaresh, Hadush Negash, Dang H. Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T. Olagunju, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Michal Ordak, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Nikita Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Ashok Pandey, Georgios D. Panos, Shahina Pardhan, Seoyeon Park, Jay Patel, Shrikant Pawar, Prince Peprah, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Alireza Peyman, Hoang Tran Pham, Mohsen Pourazizi, Nguyen Khoi Quan, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Sathish Rajaa, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Premkumar Ramasubramani, Shubham Ranjan, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Rama Shankar Rath, Annisa Utami Rauf, Salman Rawaf, Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Priyanka Roy, Koushik Roy Pramanik, Zahra Saadatian, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Sare Safi, Sher Zaman Safi, Amene Saghazadeh, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Mohamed A. Saleh, Sara Samadzadeh, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M. Samy, Aswini Saravanan, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Farbod Semnani, Sabyasachi Senapati, Yashendra Sethi, Seyed Arsalan Seyedi, Allen Seylani, Amira A. Shaheen, Samiah Shahid, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Sunder Sham, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mohammed Shannawaz, Bereket Beyene Shashamo, Maryam Shayan, Aminu Shittu, Ivy Shiue, K. M. Shivakumar, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Juan Carlos Silva, Jasvinder A. Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Eirini Skiadaresi, Yonatan Solomon, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Vladimir I. Starodubov, Mohana Devi Subramaniam, Sri Susanty, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Gebrehiwot Teklay, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Dufera Rikitu Terefa, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Temesgen Mohammed Toma, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Sree Sudha Ty, Chukwudi S. Ubah, Muhammad Umair, Tungki Pratama Umar, Rohollah Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Stephanie Louise Watson, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Guadie Sharew Wondimagegn, Hong Xiao, Yao Yao, Iman Yazdani Nia, Arzu Yiğit, Yazachew Yismaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Chuanhua Yu, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Hanqing Zhao, Makan Ziafati, Magdalena Zielińska, Yossef Teshome Zikarg, Mohammad Zoladl, Jaimie D. Steinmetz, Rupert Bourne, , and Eye Basingstoke, 2024
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 N. V. Bhattacharjee, Austin E. Schumacher, Amirali Aali, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Mohammadreza Abbasian, M. Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, S. ElHafeez, S. Abd-Elsalam, Mohammad Abdollahi, M. Abdollahifar, M. Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Samrawit Shawel Abebe, Olumide Abiodun, Hassan Abolhassani, M. Abolmaali, M. Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, M. Abrigo, D. Abtahi, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, T. Adal, M. M. Adane, O. Adeagbo, R. Adedoyin, V. Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Abiola Adepoju, O. Adetokunboh, J. B. Adetunji, D. Adeyinka, O. Adeyomoye, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, R. Afolabi, Shadi Afyouni, M. Afzal, Saira Afzal, Shahin Aghamiri, A. Agodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, B. Ahinkorah, Austin J Ahlstrom, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, G. T. Akalu, Hossein Akbarialiabad, R. Akinyemi, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, S. Akkala, H. A. Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, M. Qadire, T. AL-Ahdal, Samer O. Alalalmeh, T. Alalwan, Z. Al‐Aly, K. Alam, Rasmieh M. Al-amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M. Alanzi, Almaza a. Albakri, Mohammed Albashtawy, M. Albataineh, H. Alemi, Sharifullah Alemi, Y. Alemu, A. Al-Eyadhy, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, K. Alhabib, Noora Alhajri, F. Alhalaiqa, R. Alhassan, Abid Ali, B. Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mohammad Aligol, M. Alijanzadeh, M. Aljasir, S. Aljunid, Sabah Al-Marwani, J. U. Almazan, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Omar Almidani, Mahmoud A Alomari, B. Al-Omari, J. Alqahtani, A. 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Pavanchand H Shetty, K M Shivakumar, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Wudneh Simegn, Jasvinder A Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Natia Skhvitaridze, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Yonatan Solomon, Suhang Song, Simona Cătălina Ștefan, Muhammad Suleman, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Belay Negash Tefera, Ales Tichopad, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Lorainne Tudor Car, Derara Girma Tufa, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Milena Vasic, Dominique Vervoort, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Linh Gia Vu, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Cong Wang, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Sanni Yaya, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Leila Zaki, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Alireza Zangeneh, Ali Zare Dehnavi, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Wu Zeng, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Liesl J Zuhlke, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, Christopher J L Murray, Joseph L Dieleman Lancet Global Health, 2023
Clinical Characteristics and Stage at Presentation of Glaucoma Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa Olusola Olawoye, Nkiru Kizor-Akaraiwe, Jonathan Pons, Tarela Sarimiye, Jennifer Washaya, Sowunmi Hughes, Adeyinka Ashaye, Farouk Garba, Girum W. Gessesse, Richard Chitedze, Affiong Ibanga, Vincent Saka, Jeremie Agre, Abdull Mahdi, Adunola Ogunro, Patrick Budengeri, Haroun A. Ajibode, Lemlem Tamrat, Adeola Onakoya, Suhanya Okeke, Jo-Anne Hulley, Abeba Giorgis, Ireka W. Onyekachi, Chimdi Chuka Okosa, Chimdia Ogbonnaya, Shuaib Abdulsalam, Kayode Fowobaje, Stephen Cook, Scott Lawrence, Boniface Macheka, Ving Fai Chan, Augusto Azuara Blanco, Nathan Congdon, Tony Realini, and Journal of Glaucoma, 2022
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Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational … SI Hay, KL Ong, DF Santomauro, MA Aalipour, H Aalruz, HS Ababneh, ... The Lancet 406 (10513), 1873-1922 , 2025 2025 Citations: 283
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Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the … GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators Lancet (London, England) 403 (10440), 2100 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2700
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Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study Eye 38 (11), 2047 , 2024 2024 Citations: 53
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Clinical characteristics and stage at presentation of glaucoma patients in sub-Saharan Africa O Olawoye, N Kizor-Akaraiwe, J Pons, T Sarimiye, J Washaya, S Hughes, ... Journal of glaucoma 31 (9), 717-723 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
