I am Dr. Biswajit Debnath, a dedicated researcher and academic with a robust background in sustainability with focus on e-waste (WEEE) management, supply chain dynamics and environmental chemical engineering. Currently, I serve as a technical advisor and environmental consultant, with experience spanning across academia and industry. My journey into sustainability research was marked by my Ph.D. (Engg.) from Jadavpur University. During my Ph.D tenure, I was awarded the prestigious Commonwealth Split-Site Scholarship supported by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC) in the UK. This scholarship enabled me to conduct a significant portion of my research at Aston University, UK, focusing on sustainable supply chain management. My Ph.D work has explored avenues of green processes for resource recovery from e-waste, driving forward the sustainable development agenda.
EDUCATION
Ph.D (Engg.), Jadavpur University
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
General Chemical Engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Multidisciplinary
Machine Learning-Aided Supply Chain Analysis of Waste Management Systems: System Optimization for Sustainable Production Zhe Wee Ng, Biswajit Debnath, Amit K Chattopadhyay Sustainability Switzerland, 2025 Electronic-waste (e-waste) management is a key challenge in engineering smart cities due to its rapid accumulation, complex composition, sparse data availability, and significant environmental and economic impacts. This study employs a bespoke machine learning infrastructure on an Indian e-waste supply chain network (SCN) focusing on the three pillars of sustainability—environmental, economic, and social. The economic resilience of the SCN is investigated against external perturbations, like market fluctuations or policy changes, by analyzing six stochastically perturbed modules, generated from the optimal point of the original dataset using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). In the process, MCS is demonstrated as a powerful technique to deal with sparse statistics in SCN modeling. The perturbed model is then analyzed to uncover “hidden” non-linear relationships between key variables and their sensitivity in dictating economic arbitrage. Two complementary ensemble-based approaches have been used—Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) model and Random Forest (RF) model. While FNN excels in regressing the model performance against the industry-specified target, RF is better in dealing with feature engineering and dimensional reduction, thus identifying the most influential variables. Our results demonstrate that the FNN model is a superior predictor of arbitrage conditions compared to the RF model. The tangible deliverable is a data-driven toolkit for smart engineering solutions to ensure sustainable e-waste management.
Environmental sustainability assessment of mustard straw torrefaction: Insights from thermo-kinetics, product distribution analysis, product characterization and life cycle assessment Dinabandhu Manna, Ranjana Chowdhury, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen, Biswajit Debnath, Soumitra Pati, Indrashis Saha, Sudipta De, Md Kamrul Hassan Biomass and Bioenergy, 2025 We investigated state-of-the-art torrefaction of mustard stalk (MS) using the temperature range of 200–400 °C aimed to obtain optimal product distribution and subsequent characterization. The iso-conversional kinetic analyses of MS torrefaction were validated using the robust Tang method followed by the Miura-Maki method for Distributed Activation Energy Model. The kinetics was further examined by a thermodynamic analysis focusing on the thermodynamic triplets – changes in enthalpy, Gibb's free energy and entropy. The experimental analysis revealed that the yield of char decreased from 67.89 % at 200 °C to 34.33 % at 400 °C whereas the yield of gas increased from 20.31 % to 44.75 % in the same ranges. The maximum yield of bio-oil of 21.32 % was obtained at 300 °C. The proximate analysis, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern, field emission electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and life cycle analyses were performed for validation and robustness of the applied state-of-the-art. • Experimental investigation of torrefaction of mustard straw (MS) in the temperature range of 200–400 °C has been conducted. • Iso-conversional kinetic analysis of MS torrefaction has been performed. • The experimental analysis reveals that the biochar decreases from 67.89 % at 200 °C to 34.33 % at 400 °C. • The biochar has been characterized using proximate, elemental, thermogravimetric, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and field emission electron microscopy analysis. • Life Cycle Assessment of MS torrefaction has been conducted using the SimaPro software.
An Economic Optimization Model of an E-Waste Supply Chain Network: Machine Learned Kinetic Modelling for Sustainable Production Biswajit Debnath, Amit K. Chattopadhyay, T. Krishna Kumar Sustainability Switzerland, 2024 Purpose: E-waste management (EWM) refers to the operation management of discarded electronic devices, a challenge exacerbated due to overindulgent urbanization. The main purpose of this paper is to amalgamate production engineering, statistical methods, mathematical modelling, supported with Machine Learning to develop a dynamic e-waste supply chain model. Method Used: This article presents a multidimensional, cost function-based analysis of the EWM framework structured on three modules including environmental, economic, and social uncertainties in material recovery from an e-waste (MREW) plant, including the production–delivery–utilization process. Each module is ranked using Machine Learning (ML) protocols—Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and combined AHP-Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Findings: This model identifies and probabilistically ranks two key sustainability contributors to the EWM supply chain: energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. Additionally, the precise time window of 400–600 days from the start of the operation is identified for policy resurrection. Novelty: Ours is a data-intensive model that is founded on sustainable product designing in line with SDG requirements. The combined AHP-PCA consistently outperformed traditional statistical tools, and is the second novelty. Model ratification using real e-waste plant data is the third novelty. Implications: The Machine Learning framework embeds a powerful probabilistic prediction algorithm based on data-based decision making in future e-waste sustained roadmaps.
A Review of Security Threats from E-waste: Issues, Challenges, and Sustainability Sanchari Das, A.K.M. Salman Hosain, Biswajit Debnath Development in E Waste Management Sustainability and Circular Economy Aspects, 2023 Technological evolution in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as cloud networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), web-based applications, etc., has led to improved everyday lives. However, with digital innovations, security threats and vulnerabilities have rapidly increased as well. These ICTs also include electronic gadgets, peripheral devices, and other essential hardware and software leading to increased hardware usage contributing to the impelling amount of electronic waste (e-waste) generated worldwide. Often, such devices are not disposed through proper mechanisms, leading to enhanced vulnerabilities of security threats, especially for second-hand markets in developing nations This chapter presents a detailed systematic review of the security threats arising from end-of-life (EoL) electronics and their associated peripherals. We collected papers from different literary digital libraries, including ACM, Springer, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and IEEE. We identified the underlying structure that reinvigorates the root causes that translate to increasing digital threats, detailing the pathways identified. A generalized discussion of the four pillars of sustainability is carried out which gives the outlook of the e-waste industry from the security perspective. Such research will impact the research community and other stakeholders, including the developers, consumers, and sellers of the second-hand market, to learn and evaluate the effects of e-waste security and threats.
Introduction Biswajit Debnath, Anil Potluri, Abhijit Das, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya Technological Advancement in E Waste Management Towards Smart Sustainable and Intelligent Systems, 2023 E-waste recycling and valorization technologies are primarily wet processes that are carried out in the recycling unit itself. It is equally important to have a strong and efficient supply chain as it is to have a sustainable recycling system. Technological advancement in the field of Information and communication technology (ICT) is showing the path towards developing an efficient supply chain network (SCN). State-of-the-art literature shows that the Internet of Things (IoT) has been utilized to streamline e-waste collection and monitor the transport pathways using sensors. There are several issues and challenges in the e-waste management system. Despite the odds, development in IT plays a pivotal role in developing intelligent systems that can ensure a sustainable and circular e-waste management system. Hence, an optimal combination of new technologies and existing ones is needed to solve the e-waste problem and shift towards truly sustainable smart systems.
Preface Development in E Waste Management Sustainability and Circular Economy Aspects, 2023
Conclusion Biswajit Debnath, Abhijit Das, Anil Potluri, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya Technological Advancement in E Waste Management Towards Smart Sustainable and Intelligent Systems, 2023 Electronic waste (e-waste) has created chaos worldwide. Due to its hazardous nature, it is often shipped to other developing and underdeveloped nations. E-waste is a huge source of secondary raw materials. It is a heterogeneous material, and it contains an assortment of materials, including metals, polymers, and siliceous materials, including glass. In the past two decades, there has been tremendous research and development in the e-waste management sector. Technological advancements have generated several routes for urban mining of e-waste, including mechanical recycling, hydro-metallurgical, pyro-metallurgical technologies, etc. A sustainable e-waste management system is essential for a digital economy spanning smart villages and sustainable smart cities. To achieve that, an optimal intervention of e-waste valorization and recycling technologies, policy tools, and e-waste supervision technologies, such as digital technologies, is essential. Hence, the paradigm shift can only happen with the adaptation of the new technologies and their implementation to build intelligent, smart, and sustainable systems.
Preface Technological Advancement in E Waste Management Towards Smart Sustainable and Intelligent Systems, 2023
Application of New Information Technologies for ICT Waste Management Anirbit Sengupta, Adrija Das, Basabdatta Chakraborty, Avik Chatterjee, Biswajit Debnath, Ankita Das, Reshma Roychoudhuri, Priyankar Roychowdhury, Abhijit Das Technological Advancement in E Waste Management Towards Smart Sustainable and Intelligent Systems, 2023
Sustainable utilisation of waste biomass via thermo-chemical route in india: Findings from case studies, success stories and solution approach European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2021
Sorbents from waste materials: A circular economic approach Biswajit Debnath, Indrashis Saha, Tirthankar Mukherjee, Shweta Mitra, Ankita Das, Abhijit Das Sorbents Materials for Controlling Environmental Pollution Current State and Trends, 2021
Advancement in Machine Learning‐Aided Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment P Kumar, S Bhattacharyya, B Debnath Machine Learning in Water Treatment, 293-322 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Economic Sustainability of Metal Recovery from E-waste: A Green AI-assisted Modelling for Sustainable Smart Cities B Debnath, V Gupta, A Das, R Sasti Charan Pal International Conference on Smart Computing, Communication and Automation … , 2025 2025
Machine Learning Aided Supply Chain Analysis of Waste Management Systems: System Optimization for Sustainable Production ZW Ng, B Debnath, AK Chattopadhyay 2025 Citations: 2
Environmental sustainability assessment of mustard straw torrefaction: Insights from thermo-kinetics, product distribution analysis, product characterization and life cycle … D Manna, R Chowdhury, S Kuittinen, A Pappinen, B Debnath, S Pati, ... Biomass and Bioenergy 201, 108110 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Cleaner Production in Multivariate Supply Chain Networks: Sustainable Business Future Through a “Roll of Dice” B Debnath, AK Chattopadhyay, TK Kumar Circular Economy and Sustainable Development: A Necessary Nexus for a … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Sustainability analysis of FarmFox IoT device towards Agriculture 5.0 A Das, B Debnath, A Sengupta, A Das, D De Environment, Development and Sustainability , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
An Economic Optimization Model of an E-Waste Supply Chain Network: Machine Learned Kinetic Modelling for Sustainable Production B Debnath, AK Chattopadhyay, TK Kumar Sustainability 16 (15), 6491 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
Optimization of a Dynamic Supply Chain Network: Kinetic Modeling of E-Waste Plants A Chattopadhyay, B Debnath, TK Kumar Preprints , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Decrypting Greenwashing: Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the era of Sustainability AC Das, A Potluri, B Debnath A Decade of Mandated Corporate Social Responsibility: Interventions … , 2024 2024
Pyrolytic urban mining of waste printed circuit boards: an enviro-economic analysis B Debnath, S Pati, S Kayal, S De, R Chowdhury Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Gaseous and Liquid Fuel Generation and Material Recovery from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) through Green Processes B Debnath Jadavpur University , 2024 2024
2 Application of A Sengupta, A Das, B Chakraborty, A Chatterjee, B Debnath, A Das, ... Technological Advancement in E-waste Management: Towards Smart, Sustainable … , 2023 2023
6 Sustainability Aspects B Debnath, RR Chowdhury, C Acharya, A Guha Technological Advancement in E-waste Management: Towards Smart, Sustainable … , 2023 2023
Sustainability aspects of E-waste supply chain network role of new and emerging technologies B Debnath, RR Chowdhury, C Acharya, A Guha Technological Advancement in E-waste Management, 63-79 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Application of New Information Technologies for ICT Waste Management A Sengupta, A Das, B Chakraborty, A Chatterjee, B Debnath, A Das, ... Technological Advancement in E-waste Management, 7-18 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
A Blockchain-Based Solution for Effective E-waste Management in Sustainable Smart Cities: A Supply Chain Perspective A Das, A Das, B Debnath, S Chatterjee, A Das Technological Advancement in E-waste Management, 80-89 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Technological Advancement in E-Waste Management: Towards Smart, Sustainable, and Intelligent Systems B Debnath, A Das, PA Chowdary, S Bhattacharyya CRC Press , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Development in E-waste Management: Sustainability and Circular Economy Aspects B Debnath, A Das, PA Chowdary, S Bhattacharyya CRC Press , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
A Blockchain-Based Framework for Circular Plastic Waste Supply Chain Management in India: A Case Study of Kolkata, India B Debnath, A Das, A Das, A Das Blockchain, IoT, and AI Technologies for Supply Chain Management, 189-203 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
A Review of Security Threats from E-waste: Issues, Challenges, and Sustainability S Das, AKMS Hosain, B Debnath Development in E-waste Management: Sustainability and Circular Economy … , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Sustainability of metal recovery from E-waste B Debnath, R Chowdhury, SK Ghosh Frontiers of environmental science & engineering 12 (6), 1-12 , 2018 2018 Citations: 215
Prevalence of Health Hazards Associated with Solid Waste Disposal-A Case Study of Kolkata, India S De, B Debnath Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 201-208 , 2016 2016 Citations: 171
A review on technologies of removal of dioxins and furans from incinerator flue gas A Mukherjee, B Debnath, SK Ghosh Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 528-540 , 2016 2016 Citations: 152
Waste electrical and electronic equipment management and Basel Convention compliance in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) nations SK Ghosh, B Debnath, R Baidya, D De, J Li, SK Ghosh, L Zheng, ... Waste Management & Research 34 (8), 693-707 , 2016 2016 Citations: 126
E-Waste Management–A Potential Route to Green Computing B Debnath, R Roychoudhuri, SK Ghosh Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 669-675 , 2016 2016 Citations: 82
Electronic Components (EC) reuse and recycling–a new approach towards WEEE management B Debnath, P Roychowdhury, R Kundu Procedia Environmental Sciences 35, 656-668 , 2016 2016 Citations: 73
Supply chain analysis of e-waste processing plants in developing countries R Baidya, B Debnath, SK Ghosh, SW Rhee Waste Management & Research 38 (2), 173-183 , 2020 2020 Citations: 61
Sustainability analysis of organic fraction of municipal solid waste conversion techniques for efficient resource recovery in India through case studies A Ghosh, B Debnath, SK Ghosh, B Das, JP Sarkar Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 20 (4), 1969-1985 , 2018 2018 Citations: 60
FarmFox: A Quad-Sensor-Based IoT Box for Precision Agriculture A Sengupta, B Debnath, A Das, D De IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 10 (4), 63-68 , 2021 2021 Citations: 54
Towards circular economy in e-waste management in India: Issues, challenges, and solutions B Debnath, A Das, A Das Circular Economy and Sustainability Volume 2: Environmental Engineering 2 … , 2022 2022 Citations: 43
Security threat analysis and prevention techniques in electronic waste P Roychowdhury, JM Alghazo, B Debnath, S Chatterjee, OKM Ouda Waste Management and Resource Efficiency: Proceedings of 6th IconSWM 2016 … , 2018 2018 Citations: 36
Indian agro-wastes for 2G biorefineries: strategic decision on conversion processes R Chowdhury, S Ghosh, B Debnath, D Manna Sustainable Energy Technology and Policies: A Transformational Journey … , 2018 2018 Citations: 36
Simultaneous analysis of WEEE management system focusing on the supply chain in India, UK and Switzerland B Debnath, R Baidya, SK Ghosh International Journal of Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering 2 (1), 16-20 , 2015 2015 Citations: 27
E-waste recycling as criteria for green computing approach: analysis by QFD tool B Debnath, R Baidya, NT Biswas, R Kundu, SK Ghosh Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems: Proceedings … , 2015 2015 Citations: 26
Desublimation based separation of CO2 inside a cryogenic packed bed: Performance mapping with the spatiotemporal evolution of CO2 frost B Debnath, A Mukherjee, A Mullick, S Ghoshdastidar, S Ganguly, ... Chemical Engineering Research and Design 146, 166-181 , 2019 2019 Citations: 25
E-waste inventorisation for sustainable smart cities in India: A cloud-based framework A Das, B Debnath, N Modak, A Das, D De 2020 IEEE International Women in Engineering (WIE) Conference on Electrical … , 2020 2020 Citations: 23
Sustainability of modern scientific waste compacting stations in the city of Kolkata R Baidya, B Debnath, D De, SK Ghosh Procedia Environmental Sciences 31, 520-529 , 2016 2016 Citations: 23
Sustainability of modern scientific waste compacting stations in the city of Kolkata R Baidya, B Debnath, D De, SK Ghosh Procedia Environmental Sciences 31, 520-529 , 2016 2016 Citations: 23
Analysis of parameters for green computing approach using the analytical hierarchy process R Baidya, SK Ghosh, B Debnath 2015 International conference on energy economics and environment (ICEEE), 1-4 , 2015 2015 Citations: 23
Studies on Security Threats in Waste Mobile Phone Recycling Supply Chain in India B Debnath, A Das, S Das, A Das 2020 IEEE Calcutta Conference (CALCON), 431-434 , 2020 2020 Citations: 22