Principal Scientist, Centre for Climate Resilient Animal adaptation Studies, ICR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Veerasamy Sejian, M.V.Sc & PhD., is a Principal Scientist at ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Bangalore, India. His major thrust area of research is on “Climate Change and Livestock Production” and handled seven projects in this field. Dr Sejian is the team leader which established the concept of “Multiple stresses impacting small ruminant production in the changing climate scenario”. His current research is focused on identifying molecular markers for different environmental stresses in small ruminants with the primary focus to develop agro-ecological zone specific thermo-tolerant breeds. Dr Sejian has published 149 peer reviewed research/review articles, 85 book chapters, 220 invited/lead papers, 155 conference papers and 19 technical manuals. Further, Dr Sejian also published three International Springer books. His h-index is 33 and i10 index is 91. His total citation is 3532. Dr Sejian did his first post doctorate at The Ohio state University, USA
Biometeorological insights into seasonal skin and coat adaptation in hairy goats from a semi-arid equatorial region José Danrley Cavalcante dos Santos, Delfino Isac Belarmino Afo, Mikael Leal Cabral Menezes de Amorim, Tarsys Noan Silva Veríssimo, Geni Caetano Xavier Neta, Severino Guilherme Caetano Gonçalve dos Santos, Maria Isabelly Leite Maia, Luiz Arthur dos Anjos Lima, Larissa Kellen da Cunha Morais, Veerasamy Sejian, Ricardo Romão Guerra, Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho, Edilson Paes Saraiva International Journal of Biometeorology, 2026 The present study aimed to analyze annual variations in coat and skin characteristics of two goat breeds raised in an equatorial semi-arid environment. Samples were obtained from 50 multiparous does (25 Canindé and 25 Moxotó), evaluated quarterly over a one-year period. The following parameters were assessed: coat thickness (mm), hair density (hairs cm−²), and hair diameter and length (mm). Skin thickness was measured in micrometers (µm), as well as the area of sweat glands and cutaneous blood capillaries, expressed in µm cm−². The highest ambient temperatures and mean solar radiation were recorded between September and December. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed across periods for coat thickness, hair density, diameter, and length, as well as for the areas of cutaneous blood capillaries and sweat glands. In September, overall cutaneous thermal insulation in both breeds was reduced, which was associated with lower hair density and increased areas of blood capillaries and sweat glands (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that, under equatorial conditions, phenotypic adjustments in the morphological traits of the skin and coat contribute to the modulation of thermal insulation in goat breeds. Both Canindé and Moxotó goats adjusted insulation-related traits throughout the year. However, although both breeds exhibited marked phenotypic plasticity, Canindé goats showed greater variation in coat traits, suggesting distinct adaptive strategies in response to the environmental seasonality of the equatorial semi-arid region.
Potential Applications of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Establishing Climate Resilience in Livestock: A Comprehensive Review Gajendirane Kalaignazhal, Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan Silpa, Chinmoy Mishra, Ebenezer Binuni Rebez, Santhi Priya Voggu, Pasuvalingam Visha, Guru D. V. Pandiyan, Artabandhu Sahoo, Christopher Browne, Umberto Bernabucci, Frank Rowland Dunshea, Veerasamy Sejian International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026 Given livestock’s crucial role in global food security and economic stability, the alarming threat of climate change calls for the implementation of effective mitigation strategies for climate-resilient livestock production. Management and nutritional strategies offer temporary relief, whereas genetic approaches represent a permanent solution. The role of genetic tools in enabling the development of climate-resilient livestock breeds is widely recognized. Genetic tools like microarrays, RNA-seq, omics, and GWAS can improve the understanding of livestock’s climate adaptability at a molecular level. These tools facilitate the identification of biomarkers for thermo-tolerance, bordering on climate-resilient livestock breeding. Among them, studies employing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increased in recent years. GWAS have the potential to improve the genetic basis of thermo-tolerance in heat-stressed livestock populations. GWAS have been used to identify candidate genes for complex and economically important traits in livestock. These include growth, reproduction, disease resistance, milk, meat, and wool production traits under heat stress conditions. This makes GWAS a useful tool for identifying biomarkers that can be incorporated in breeding programs through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The integration of these potential biomarkers into selection and breeding programs would allow GWAS to substantially refine breeding strategies, thereby advancing the climate-resilient potential and sustainability of the livestock sector. Furthermore, GWAS, when utilized along with emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) for genomic prediction, can predict genetic aspects of livestock adaptation more efficiently and precisely. Thus, future studies should focus on integrated modeling approaches for improving the climate resilience of livestock without jeopardizing their production potential. Such an effort will contribute to sustainable livestock production as well as ensure food security for the growing human population amid changing climate conditions.
Rumen Microbes Associated Potential to Establish Climate Resilience In Ruminants – A Review M.V. Silpa, G. Kalaignazhal, E. Binuni Rebez, C. Devaraj, H. Tüfekci, Roman Mylostyvyi, J. Thanislass, A. Sahoo, F.R. Dunshea, V. Sejian Annals of Animal Science, 2025 Ruminants are stated to play a pivotal role of converting feed resources into nutritious outputs suitable for human consumption, which primarily is attributed to the diversified rumen microbiota they harbour. The rumen microbial niche is however not explored to its complete potential due to several limitations, the crucial one being the inability to culture more than 80% of the rumen microbes. Advances in next generation sequencing approaches have made promising inroads to bridge this gap. The adoption of techniques like 16S rRNA sequencing and whole genome shotgun metgenomics has now made it possible to assess the structural and functional dynamics of rumen microbiota. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of information pertaining to the impact of climate change on rumen microbe. This review was therefore an attempt to highlight the potential role of rumen microbiome during heat stress and also to emphasize on the significance of adopting rumen metagenomics to link climate change impact with altered productive potential in ruminants. Changes in ruminal microflora like, alterations in Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio (highly correlated with milk fat yield), altered abundance of Fibrobacters group (potentially heat generating microbes), Actinobacteria group (acetate producing microbes), Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria and so on were observed in ruminants during heat stress. Furthermore, it was also possible to link these alterations with several functional and metabolic pathways like, energy production and conversion, defense mechanism, lipid transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, cell cycle control, cell division and few more. Employing rumen metagenomics could also aid in understanding the differences in heat stress adaptive strategies between breeds. Therefore, intensifying the application of this methodology with heat stress in ruminants and extending it to assess the effectiveness of nutritional amelioration strategies could embark a new journey towards heat stress mitigation in ruminants.
Epigenetic Mechanisms Associated with Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress Sundar Aravindh, Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan Silpa, Santhi Priya Voggu, Ebenezer Binuni Rebez, Gajendirane Kalaignazhal, Mouttou Vivek Srinivas, Frank Rowland Dunshea, Veerasamy Sejian Biology, 2025 The livestock sector, a crucial source of revenue and global food security, is facing serious challenges due to climate change driven by global warming. This leads to serious effects on animal health and productivity, making it difficult for the livestock industry to meet the global demand and sustain the livelihoods of farmers. The main factor affecting livestock’s productivity is heat stress. However, animals develop various adaptive mechanisms to cope with the effects of heat stress. Cellular and molecular responses act as key defense mechanisms, enabling animals adapt to environmental changes. The recent advancements in molecular biology have opened up opportunities for extensive research on epigenetics, which has a key role in regulating gene expression in animals in response to environmental stimuli. Such studies have gained considerable attention regarding heat acclimation in animals due to the fact that epigenetic mechanisms have been recognized as key players in long-term adaptation to high temperatures in farm animals. This review summarizes the different mechanisms and methodologies used to assess heat stress-associated epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, which is an extensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanism in relation to gene expression. The review also highlights the mechanisms and regulation of adaptation to heat stress in animals and collates information related to various epigenetic markers to assess the heat stress response, thereby aiding in improving thermal resilience in animals.
Impacts of heat stress on growth performance and its mitigation in small ruminants Silpa Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan, Ilavarasi Gunasekaran, Balamurugan Narasingam, Agnishwaran Ramajothi, Vanmathi Arulselvam, Eldhose Dona Mary, Darwin Ernest Angelin Shyona, Kalaignazhal Gajendirane, Rebez Ebenezer Binuni, Sejian Veerasamy Animal Frontiers, 2025
Transportation of goats during summer season E. Binuni Rebez, V. Sejian, M.V. Silpa, C. Devaraj, G. Kalaignazhal, C.G. Shashank, R. Bhatta Sustainable Goat Production in the Changing Climate, 2025
Heat Stress in Ruminants and Its Mitigation Through Nutritional Additives V. Sejian, C. Devaraj, C. G. Shashank, A. P. Madhusoodan, M. V. Silpa, A. Devapriya, M. R. Reshma Nair, R. U. Suganthi, N. Ramachandran, G. B. Manjunathareddy, R. Bhatta Feed Additives and Supplements for Ruminants, 2024
Antimicrobial Usage in Animal Production Systems Ayyasamy Manimaran, Arumugam Kumaresan, Veerasamy Sejian Handbook on Antimicrobial Resistance Current Status Trends in Detection and Mitigation Measures, 2023
Physiology of Growth C. Devaraj, M. R. Reshma Nair, V. Sejian Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 2023
Metagenomics Application in Understanding Rumen Functions S. Trivedi, A. P. Kolte, Pradeep Kumar Malik, Veerasamy Sejian, A. Mech, Raghavendra Bhatta Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, 2022
Future Vision for Climate Change Associated Livestock Production Veerasamy Sejian, Surinder Singh Chauhan, Chinnasamy Devaraj, Pradeep Kumar Malik, E. Vadhana, M. V. Silpa, C. G. Shashank, Raghavendra Bhatta Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, 2022
Skin Based Novel Approaches for Establishing Climate Resilience in Goats M. V. Silpa, Veerasamy Sejian, S. Koenig, Chinnasamy Devaraj, C. G. Shashank, A. P. Kolte, G. B. Manjunathareddy, Raghavendra Bhatta Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, 2022
Impact of Climate Change on Animal Production and Welfare Veerasamy Sejian, M. V. Silpa, Chinnasamy Devaraj, S. Trivedi, P. Ezhil Vadhana, W. Ruban, R. U. Suganthi, A. Manimaran, V. P. Maurya, Raghavendra Bhatta Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, 2022
Goat as the Ideal Future Climate Resilient Animal Model Veerasamy Sejian, M. V. Silpa, M. R. Reshma Nair, Chinnasamy Devaraj, A. Devapriya, N. Ramachandran, V. B. Awachat, C. G. Shashank, Vinícius F. C. Fonsêca, Raghavendra Bhatta Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, 2022
Behavioural Responses of Domestic Animals for Adapting to Thermal Stress Vinícius F. C. Fonsêca, Edilson P. Saraiva, José D. C. dos Santos, Larissa Kellen da Cunha Morais, Sheila T. Nascimento, Cíntia C. de Melo Costa, Gustavo B. Moura, Geni Caetano Xavier Neta, Kênia C. Bícego, Veerasamy Sejian, Marcos Chiquitelli Neto, Alex S. C. Maia Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, 2022
Heat stress and goat welfare: Adaptation and production considerations Veerasamy Sejian, Mullakkalparambil V. Silpa, Mini R. Reshma Nair, Chinnasamy Devaraj, Govindan Krishnan, Madiajagan Bagath, Surinder S. Chauhan, Rajendran U. Suganthi, Vinicius F. C. Fonseca, Sven König, John B. Gaughan, Frank R. Dunshea, Raghavendra Bhatta Animals, 2021
Eco-Intensified Breeding Strategies for Improving Climate Resilience in Goats V. Sejian, M. V. Silpa, S. S. Chauhan, M. Bagath, C. Devaraj, G. Krishnan, M. R. Reshma Nair, J. P. Anisha, A. Manimaran, S. Koenig, R. Bhatta, F. R. Dunshea Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture, 2021
Heat stress amelioration effects of melatonin in goats Melatonin Production Functions and Benefits, 2020
The impact of heat load on cattle Angela M. Lees, Veerasamy Sejian, Andrea L. Wallage, Cameron C. Steel, Terry L. Mader, Jarrod C. Lees, John B. Gaughan Animals, 2019
Foreword 2: Climate change and brucellosis in small ruminants Brucellosis in Goats and Sheep an Endemic and Re Emerging Old Zoonosis in the 21st Century, 2019
Effect of dietary supplementation of Eclitpa alba on oxidative stress and liver damage induced by aflatoxin in broilers Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2018
Adapting sheep production to climate change Veerasamy Sejian, Raghavendra Bhatta, John Gaughan, Pradeep Kumar Malik, S. M. K. Naqvi, Rattan Lal Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change, 2017
Methane estimation methodologies in sheep Pradeep Kumar Malik, Bhoomika S. Bakshi, Veerasamy Sejian, Patrik R. Zimmerman, M. Kurihara, Raghavendra Bhatta Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change, 2017
Sheep production adapting to climate change Rattan Lal, S. M. K. Naqvi, Pradeep Kumar Malik, J. B. Gaughan, Raghavendra Bhatta, et al. Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change, 2017
Measurement of severity of heat stress in sheep Veerasamy Sejian, G. Krishnan, M. Bagath, Shalini Vaswani, Prathap Pragna, Joy Aleena, Angela M. Lees, V. P. Maurya, Raghavendra Bhatta Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change, 2017
Adaptive mechanisms of sheep to climate change Veerasamy Sejian, Iqbal Hyder, V. P. Maurya, M. Bagath, G. Krishnan, Joy Aleena, P. R. Archana, Angela M. Lees, Davendra Kumar, Raghavendra Bhatta, S. M. K. Naqvi Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change, 2017
Adaptation strategies to counter climate change impact on sheep Veerasamy Sejian, Lipismita Samal, N. M. Soren, M. Bagath, G. Krishnan, M. K. Vidya, P. R. Archana, Prathap Pragna, Iqbal Hyder, V. P. Maurya, Miranda Y. Mortlock, Raghavendra Bhatta Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change, 2017
Heat stress and dairy cow: Impact on both milk yield and composition Prathap Pragna, P.R. Archana, Joy Aleena, Veerasamy Sejian, Govindan Krishnan, Madiajagan Bagath, A. Manimaran, V. Beena, E.K. Kurien, Girish Varma, Raghavendra Bhatta International Journal of Dairy Science, 2017
Maturation timing and fetal bovine serum concentration for developmental potential of sheep oocytes in vitro Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2016
Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Livestock V. Sanjo Jose, Veerasamy Sejian, Madiajagan Bagath, Athira P. Ratnakaran, Angela M. Lees, Yaqoub A. S. Al-Hosni, Megan Sullivan, Raghavendra Bhatta, John B. Gaughan Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2016
Impact of heat stress on immune responses of livestock: A review Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 2016
Alternate H2sinks for reducing rumen methanogenesis P. K. Malik, Raghavendra Bhatta, Emma J. Gagen, Veerasamy Sejian, N. M. Soren, Cadaba S. Prasad Climate Change Impact on Livestock Adaptation and Mitigation, 2015
Adaptive mechanisms of livestock to changing climate V. P. Maurya, Veerasamy Sejian, Mahesh Gupta, S. S. Dangi, Ankita Kushwaha, Gyanendra Singh, Mihir Sarkar Climate Change Impact on Livestock Adaptation and Mitigation, 2015
Global warming: Role of livestock Veerasamy Sejian, Iqbal Hyder, T. Ezeji, J. Lakritz, Raghavendra Bhatta, J. P. Ravindra, Cadaba S. Prasad, Rattan Lal Climate Change Impact on Livestock Adaptation and Mitigation, 2015
Impact of short term exposure to different environmental temperature on the blood biochemical and endocrine responses of Malpura ewes under semi-arid tropical environment Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013
Sheep husbandry under changing climate scenario in India: An overview Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013
Effect of cold stress on growth, physiological responses, blood metabolites and hormonal profile of native Malpura lambs under hot semi-arid tropics of India Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013
Blood biochemical and hormonal studies in hill cattle of Himachal Pradesh Veterinary Practitioner, 2012
Influence of simulated body condition score on growth, physiological responses and blood metabolites of native Malpura ram Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2012
Introduction Veerasamy Sejian Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production, 2012
Walking stress influence on livestock production Vijai P. Maurya, Veerasamy Sejian, Kamal Kumar, Gyanendra Singh, S. M. K. Naqvi Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production, 2012
Preface Veerasamy Sejian Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production, 2012
Impact of climate change on livestock production Lance H. Baumgard, Robert P. Rhoads, Michelle L. Rhoads, Nicholas K. Gabler, Jason W. Ross, Aileen F. Keating, Rebbeca L. Boddicker, Sangeeta Lenka, Veerasamy Sejian Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production, 2012
Influence of pineal proteins on adrenal cortex controlled minerals in thermally stressed goats Indian Veterinary Journal, 2009
Pineal-adrenal-thyroid relationships under thermal stress: Effect on circulating levels of thyroid hormones in coats Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2008
Effect of unilateral adrenalectomy on the blood biochemistry of black Bengal goats (capra hircus) Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2008