Immunology and Microbiology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, Molecular Biology
8
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Productive role of Vibrio cholera in the generation of IL-1β and immunoglobulins in patients with diarrhea Z. K. Khadur, A. A. Khadim, S. M. Mohsen Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2026 The highly contagious diarrheal illness known as cholera, which affects millions of people globally, is caused by the bact e rium Vibrio cholera . Cholera is a significant health problem that is most prevalent in i nsanitary nations and areas devastated by emergencies when access to clean drinking water is scarce. T he present study aims t o determine the role of V . cholera in stim u lating the development of IL-1 b eta and immunoglobulin ( M, G, A) in diarrhea patients. The investigation was conducted in Baquba city, the governorate of Diyala Province , from 1/8/2023 to 1/11/2023. One hundred stool and blood samples were collected from diarrheal patients who were inpatients at Baquba Teaching Hospital/Internal Medicine Department after being examined by a specialist doctor to determine the positivity of V . cholera (stool samples) by culture and the levels of IL-1 beta with immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) (blood samples) by ELISA. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. The current study reveal s that 70% (n = 70) of patients with diarrhea ha d V . cholera with a significant variation. Most patients with V . cholera we re 21 – 40 years old (54.3%) and 41 – 60 years old (28.6%), lived in a rural area (81.4%), ha d a fever ≤37 o C (78.6%), ha d watery stools (100 .0 %), ha d no blood in the stool (85.7%), ha d abdominal pain (72.9%), or ha d vomiting (88.6%). Significant differences in the levels of IL-1beta and immunoglobulin (IgM and IgA) we re detected between V . cholera patients and healthy controls. Finally, these bacteria did not significantly affect the levels of human IgG. It has been concluded that the culture method is suitable for det ecting V . cholera in stool samples. The incidence of cholera has increased in rural regions due to the loss of teaching about health and hygiene . Bacterial toxins play a significant role in inactivating macrophages that release IL-1beta via pyrin and the NLRP3 inflammasome.IL-1beta leads to increased inflammation due to its proinflammatory effect. The human serum levels of IgM and IgA immunoglobulins are more strongly affected by V . cholera than are those of IgG.
Antibacterial activity of Citrus Aurantium and Myrtus Communis extracts on some pathogenic bacteria sarmad Mohammad, Anas Wisam Malik, Saja Mohammed Mohsen, Ali abbas abbod Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2025 Background: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are regarded as harmful organisms. These germs exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics; therefore, new therapies must be employed to combat the infection. Objectives: The antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from Citrus aurantium and Myrtus communis leaves was examined against bacteria. Methods: Between September 2023 - July 2024, a combined total of 50 clinical isolates were collected from cotton swabs taken from patients experiencing diabetic foot, respiratory infections, and urinary tract infections. Visiting specialized laboratories within the city of Baqubah, the diffusion method was employed to examine the impact of plant extracts on the development of the isolated bacteria under investigation. Results: Ethanol extracts of Myrtus communis showed varying efficacy against S. aureus and S. epidermidis at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml, but extracts of Citrus aurantium exhibited ineffectiveness against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis at concentrations of 25 and 12.5 mg/ml. However, Citrus aurantium extract demonstrated efficacy at concentrations of 100, 75, and 50 mg/ml against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis, suppressing their growth with inhibition zones. Ethanol leaves extract of Myrtus communis and leaves extract of Citrus aurantium showed varying efficacy versus E. coli at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/ml, whereas Myrtus communis was effective at a dose of 12.5 mg/ml. Conversely, Citrus aurantium at 12.5 mg/ml was ineffective against E. coli. All concentrations for Ethanol extracts of Myrtus communis and Ethanol leaves extract of Citrus aurantium were effective against the K. pneumoniae. Ethanol leaves extract of Myrtus communis and extracts of Citrus aurantium demonstrated varying efficacy against P. aeruginosa at concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 mg/ml, while concentrations of 25 and 12.5 mg/ml were ineffective. The ethanol extract of Myrtus communis showed varied efficacy against P. mirabilis in various concentrations, while the leaves extract of Citrus aurantium was not effective at all concentrations. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ethanol extracts from plant leaves (Citrus aurantium and Myrtus communis) possess the capability to function as antibiotics against prevalent bacterial isolates responsible for infections in our community.
Bacterial strains isolated from sinusitis infections and their drug resistance profiles in Nasiriyah (Iraq) A. W. Malik, S. M. Mohsen, A. K. Mohsen, S. Q. Mohammad, O. A. Mohsein Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2025 Sinusitis, which is also referred to as rhinosinusitis, is one of the most prevalent causes of clinical visits in the United States. It is also one of the primary reasons why antibiotics are prescribed. This study aimed to i dentify the types of bacteria that cause sinusitis and find out the most effective types of antibiotics to optimise the success of treatment . Samples we re collected with a sterile swab , which was gently inserted into the nasal cavity, then directed towards the sinus area. They were grown on nutrient media such as b lood agar, MacConkey agar and Mueller-Hinton agar. Gram stain technology was used to identify bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp. , Streptococcus sp. , Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis , biochemical tests were carried out, including catalase, oxidase, carbohydrate fermentation, and API ( analytical profile in dex) test strips were used . The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics was examined using CLSI standards to ensure the accuracy of the results by culturing the bacteria on Mueller Hinton agar medium and placing the antibiotic disk s . T he results were recorded for sensitivity, intermediate sensitivity and resistance . Z one diameter measurement s were taken to determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic s . The results showed that the percentage of positive cases for H. influenzae was 36.7%, Moraxella catarrhalis 24.7%, S. aureus 16.0%, S. pneum o niae 15.3%, and Staphylococcus epidermidis 8.0%. H. influenzae showed full sensitivity to ceftriaxone, gentam y cin, and va n comycin, while Moraxella catarrhalis was fully sensitive to ceftriaxone, imipenem, vancomycin, and oxacillin. S. aureus was sensitive to ceftriaxone, imipenem, gentam y cin, vancomycin, and erythromycin. S. pneumoniae showed sensitivity to penicillin, gentam y cin, and vancomycin. S. epidermidis was sensitive to gentam y cin, nitrofurantoin, and erythromycin. The study co n cluded that the bacteria H. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were the most common in sinusitis, with high sensitivity to common antibiotics such as ceftriaxone and gentam y cin. This indicates the effectiveness of these antibiotics in treatment, which helps guide appropriate treatment and reduce bacterial resistance.
An Evaluation of the Levels of IL-1β and IL-7 in Children With Viral Gastroenteritis Saja Mohammed Mohsen, Asmaa Haseeb Hwaid, Maha Falih Nazzal Acta Medica Iranica, 2025 Gastroenteritis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in the general population, especially in children. To investigate the predictive role of interleukins (IL-1β and IL-7) in children with viral gastroenteritis as potential diagnostic biomarkers. This cross-sectional study included children who were diagnosed with gastroenteritis at private clinics and Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Childhood, Diyala, Iraq. The present study was conducted from May 2023 to May 2024. Ninety blood samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis, and 50 blood samples were taken from healthy children and those in the control group. Additionally, 90 samples of the stool were collected. The ELIZA technique was used for exploring IL-1β and IL-7 in blood samples and for detecting viral antigens (Norovirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus) in stool samples. The data were analyzed statistically via SPSS v. 24 and Prism v. 10. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis in thin children aged 1-3 years who were living in rural areas. As indicated in this study, the most common symptoms were diarrhoea, vomiting and fever, and the differences were significant. Compared with those in the control group, there were significant differences in the levels of IL-1β and IL-7 among the children infected with gastroenteritis. ROC analysis of IL-1β and IL-7 interleukins revealed moderate sensitivity (79% and 88%, respectively) and low specificity (64% and 69%, respectively) at cut-off values of 8.52 and 7.01. The occurrence of norovirus occurred in 30% of the total samples, followed by Adenovirus in 20% and Astrovirus in 11%. The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-7 were high among children infected with gastroenteritis. Nevertheless, these parameters cannot be considered reliable vital indicators that are sufficient for diagnosing infections caused by gastroenteritis.
Knowledge and awareness of chronic hepatitis C and liver fibrosis among health care personnel and other domains in Iraq Saja Mohammed Mohsen, Ghanim Hussein Majeed Bionatura, 2023 As a significant public health disease, the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 185 million worldwide. Chronic infections are led by 170 million illnesses, resulting in 350,000 because of liver and cirrhosis cancer. Injuring of chronic liver from several insults leads to occur fibrosis. For example, metabolic disease (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), infections (hepatitis B [HBV] and C viruses [HCV]), and toxins (alcohol). This study evaluates the knowledge and awareness about Of Chronic Hepatitis C and Liver Fibrosis among Health Care Workers and other domains of workers in Iraq. This study was carried out as cross-sectional research in Diyala, Iraq, from February / 2021 to January / 2022. In this work, 350 persons participated; the age range was (18-62) years, with a mean age of (25.9 + 9.79). The participants consisted of 100 males and 250 females. Also, they were divided into two groups: groups I and II. I (health care workers group) consists of 200 students studying in the medical department of Baquba technical institute and workers in Diyala hospitals ). Group II (other domains Workers) includes (100) participants who work in several domains. Similar to previous studies, a questionnaire was adopted to collect this research data. The outcomes demonstrate higher knowledge about HCV, Liver fibrosis, transmission, and a vaccine was noticed with a statistically significant difference among females compared to males. Regarding residency, the ability of HCV and liver fibrosis in Q1, Q2, and Q5 only among Health Care Workers compared to other domains Workers with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Keywords: Chronic Hepatitis C, Liver Fibrosis, Health Care Workers and other domains Workers
Prevalence of antibodies in Iraqi Urinary Tract Infection patients using radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay Saja Mohammed Mohsen, Anas Wisam malik Bionatura, 2021 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection every place in the urinary tract that may be in the urethra, bladder, or kidneys by microbes. Greatest UTIs are affected by bacteria, but some are affected by fungi and, in rare cases, by viruses. UTI is the most significant common infection in humans. This study deals with the prevalence of antibodies in UTI patients; this study aims to determine the level of antibodies in UTI patients and compare with healthy controls by using the radial immunodiffusion (RID) test. The study was done during the period November 2019 to April 2020 on UTI Iraqi patients. The study included 40 patients and 20 healthy controls. Results show UTI infection occurs in females more than males also; the mean age is 40 years. All the patients with UTI showed decreased IgM serum levels and increased IgG compared with the control group. IgG, IgG, and IgM showed high significance between two UTI patients and the control group groups, while IgM doesn’t show significant differences between study groups.
