Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: An Emerging Link Shubham Teli, Mallappa Shalavadi, Chandrashekhar V.M., Lingaraj Anawal Current Signal Transduction Therapy, 2025 Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by motor deficit. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition characterized by high glucose levels in the blood. The prevalence of chronic disorders like PD has significantly risen in recent decades. Emerging research has increasingly linked PD with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in recent years. Apart from the β-cells of the pancreas, insulin is secreted by the choroid plexus in the human brain which is essential for neuroprotection which regulates neurogenesis, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and neuro-inflammation. The abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway may be responsible for neurodegeneration via insulin dysregulation, from the aggregation of α-synuclein, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered synaptic plasticity. DM or Insulin resistance is considered a risk factor for the development of PD. Due to the lack of treatment options for PD, consistent research is going on to find a potential drug as a treatment option for PD, and due to its molecular links, the antidiabetic drugs are considered as potential candidates for PD. This review will discuss the potential cellular mechanisms shared between T2DM and PD as well as the role of antidiabetics in this disease and clinical manifestations such as its severity and prognosis.
Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of spine gourd powder (Momordica dioica Roxb.) formulated product (Khakra) in STZ induced diabetic rats R. Hamsa, G. Bhuvaneshwari, S.L. Jagadeesh, V.M. Chandrashekhar, N. Basavaraj, N.A. Natikar Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2021 Spine gourd is popular as an emerging underutilized crop due to its various health benefits and medicinal properties. Its powder is used to form a dish called Khakra. Khakra is one of the famous dishes made out of mat bean and wheat flour, a popular dish of western India mainly in Gujarat and Rajasthan, which is used as a snack or during breakfast. During the preparation of Khakra along with whole wheat flour and Bengal gram flour, 50 % of spine gourd powder was used and evaluated for hypoglycaemic activity in STZ induced diabetic wistar rats. The oral administration of Khakra of about 5 to 10 g/rat/day was given for diabetic induced and normal rats for about 21 days and observations were recorded at 0th, 7th, 14th and 21st day for serum glucose (mg/dL), serum cholesterol (mg/dL) and serum haemoglobin (mg/dL). The Group 6 (STZ + Laboratory diet + Spine gourd Khakraat 10g/ kg body weight/day) showed significant decrease (P&lt0.01) in serum glucose, serum cholesterol and significant increase (P&lt0.01) in serum haemoglobin which was found to be dose-dependent. In case of normal rats no significant decrease in serum glucose and serum cholesterol was observed.
Physicochemical and phytochemical screening of convolvulus pluricaulis collected from Bagalkot, Karnataka International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2018
Anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanol extract of terminalia Arjuna (Roxb.) wight & arn. on ovariectomized rats Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 2015
Neuroprotective activity of gossypin from Hibiscus vitifolius against global cerebral ischemia model in rats VM Chandrashekhar, S Ganapaty, A Ramkishan, MLaxmi Narsu Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2013 Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of gossypin (isolated from Hibiscus vitifolius) against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced oxidative stress in rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawlet rats of wither gender were used in the study. Evaluation of cerbroprotective activity of bioflavonoid gossypin (in 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg oral doses) isolated from H. vitifolius was carried out by using the global cerebral I/R model by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 min, followed by 24 h reperfusion. The antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels were estimated along with histopathological studies. Result: Gossypin showed dose-dependent neuroprotective activity by significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) and increase in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and total thiol levels in gossypin treated groups when compared to control group. Cerebral infarction area was markedly reduced in gossypin treated groups when compared to control group. Conclusion: Gossypin showed potent neuroprotective activity against global cerebral I/R injury-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Neuroprotective activity of Stereospermum suaveolens against global cerebral ischemia rat model M. H. Shalavadi, V. M. Chandrashekhar, A. Ramkishan, R. B. Nidavani, B. S. Biradar Pharmaceutical Biology, 2013 Context: Stereospermum suaveolens DC. (Bignoniaceae) is a medicinal tree species native to India. Traditionally, the whole plant is used for various diseases including neuronal disorders. Objective: The present study evaluated the neuroprotective activity of Stereospermum suaveolens against global cerebral ischemia in a rat model. Materials and methods: Neuroprotective activity was carried out by global cerebral ischemia on Sprague-Dawley rats and divided into five groups of eight rats each; sham and control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg) and treated groups received methanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens (MES) orally (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 10 days prior to the experiment. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery (BCA) occlusion for 30 min followed by 4-h reperfusion. The antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels were estimated by UV spectroscopic method along with cerebral infarction area; histopathological studies were carried out. Results: LD50 of MES was found to be 5000 mg/kg of body weight. The entire test was performed at dose levels 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of body weight. The results of the study indicate that the Stereospermum suaveolens methanol extract showed neuroprotective activity by a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (p < 0.01), catalase (p < 0.01), glutathione (p < 0.001), and total thiol (p < 0.001) levels in extract-treated groups as compared to control group. Measurement of cerebral infarction area and histopathological studies further supported the protective effect of the extract. Discussion and conclusion: These findings suggest a potential protective role of Stereospermum suaveolens against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of stereospermum suaveolens against aluminium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity Journal of Natural Remedies, 2011
Hepatoprotective activity of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb) in rats Indian Drugs, 2004
Anti-diarrhoeal activity of Abutilon indicum linn leaf extracts Journal of Natural Remedies, 2004
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Anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn. leaf extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats SM Ahmed, V Swamy, P Gopkumar, R Dhanapal, VM Chandrashekara Razi Institute for Drug Research (RIDR) of Iran University of Medical … , 2005 2005 Citations: 182
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