A Glove-Based Virtual Hand Rehabilitation System for Patients With Post-Traumatic Hand Injuries Chandan Kumar Jha, Yagna Shukla, Rupsha Mukherjee, Prakash Rathva, Mahima Joshi, Dhruv Jain IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2024 Recent studies have shown that virtual gamified therapy can be a potential adjunct to conventional orthopedic rehabilitation. However, the off-the-shelf gaming consoles used for virtual rehabilitation pose several practical challenges in deploying them in clinical settings. In this paper, we present the design of a portable glove-based virtual hand rehabilitation system (RehabRelive Glove) that can be used at both clinics and homes for physiotherapy. We also evaluate the system's efficacy on patients with post-traumatic hand injuries. Thirty patients were randomly categorized into groups A (virtual rehabilitation) and B (conventional physiotherapy). Both groups received fifteen 25-minute sessions of respective therapy over three weeks. The wrist and finger joints' range of motion (ROM) and grip strength were measured every seven sessions to compare the efficacy. Group A showed about 1.5 times greater improvement in flexion/extension ROM of the wrist compared to Group B. While both groups improved finger ROM and grip strength with time, no significant difference was observed between the groups. The results suggest that the proposed virtual rehabilitation system effectively enables patients with hand injuries to recover ROM faster.
Pulsing and Detection Strategies for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Narrative Review Sapna R. Bisht, Vishwas V. Trivedi, Rohit Bhardwaj, Chandan K. Jha, Debabrata Ghosh, Himanshu Shekhar IEEE Open Journal of Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2023 Contrast-enhanced imaging has grown significantly in the past two decades. Technology has evolved from imaging based on linear principles to elaborate pulsing and microbubble-specific detection strategies. This review provides a broad overview of the research published on these topics, emphasizing the progress made, current challenges, and future research considerations. We cover the physical and conceptual underpinnings of imaging based on ultrasound contrast agents, focused on pulsing and detection strategies. The techniques proposed are categorized according to the underlying fundamental physical and signal processing principles. We revisit methods that were previously only of academic interest and may now be clinically feasible with advances in computation and hardware. We discuss unmet challenges and opportunities originating from developments in other sub-fields of ultrasound imaging to enable wider clinical adoption of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
A Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Sensor for Passive Cavitation Detection at MHz Frequencies Chandan Kumar Jha, Kuldeep Jajoria, Arup Lal Chakraborty, Himanshu Shekhar IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2022 Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are a potential alternative to piezoelectric ultrasound sensors for applications that demand high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, limited data exist on the quantitative performance characterization of FBG sensors in the MHz frequency range relevant to biomedical ultrasound. In this work, we evaluated an FBG to detect MHz-frequency ultrasound and tested the feasibility of measuring passive cavitation signals nucleated using a commercial contrast agent (SonoVue). The sensitivity, repeatability, and linearity of the measurements were assessed for ultrasound measurements at 1, 5, and 10 MHz. The bandwidth of the FBG sensor was measured and compared to that of a calibrated needle hydrophone. The FBG showed a sensitivity of 0.99, 0.769, and 0.818 V/MPa for 1, 5, and 10 MHz ultrasound, respectively. The sensor also exhibited linear response ( $0.975\\leq {R}$ -Squared ≤ 0.996) and good repeatability with a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 5.5%. A 2-MHz focused transducer was used to insonify SonoVue microbubbles at a peak negative pressure of 175 kPa and passive cavitation emissions were measured, in which subharmonic and ultraharmonic spectral peaks were observed. These results demonstrate the potential of FBGs for MHz-range ultrasound applications, including passive cavitation detection (PCD).
A fibre Bragg grating sensor-based instrumented glove for virtual rehabilitation applications Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2022
A fibre Bragg grating sensor-based instrumented glove for virtual rehabilitation applications 2022 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition Ofc 2022 Proceedings, 2022
Detection of ultrasound up to 10 MHz frequency using an FBG sensor Kuldeep Jajoria, Chandan Kumar Jha, Arup Lal Chakraborty, Himanshu Shekhar 2022 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics Wrap 2022, 2022 In this paper, we present the characterization of an FBG sensor to detect ultrasound in the MHz frequency range which is used in biomedical ultrasound. The linearity, sensitivity, and repeatability of the sensor were tested at 1 MHz, 5 MHz, and 10 MHz in the peak acoustic rarefactional pressure range of 0-1.2 MPa. The FBG showed good linearity (R-Squared=0.98), high sensitivity (0.82 V/MPa at 10 MHz), and high repeatability (coefficient of variation ≤ 5.5%). Our results show the potential of FBG sensors to detect ultrasound for biomedical applications.
Ultrasound-Enabled Therapeutic Delivery and Regenerative Medicine: Physical and Biological Perspectives Kahkashan Bansal, Chandan Kumar Jha, Dhiraj Bhatia, Himanshu Shekhar ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 2021 The role of ultrasound in medicine and biological sciences is expanding rapidly beyond its use in conventional diagnostic imaging. Numerous studies have reported the effects of ultrasound on cellular and tissue physiology. Advances in instrumentation and electronics have enabled successful in vivo applications of therapeutic ultrasound. Despite path breaking advances in understanding the biophysical and biological mechanisms at both microscopic and macroscopic scales, there remain substantial gaps. With the progression of research in this area, it is important to take stock of the current understanding of the field and to highlight important areas for future work. We present herein key developments in the biological applications of ultrasound especially in the context of nanoparticle delivery, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. We conclude with a brief perspective on the current promise, limitations, and future directions for interfacing ultrasound technology with biological systems, which could provide guidance for future investigations in this interdisciplinary area.
Design and Evaluation of an FBG Sensor-Based Glove to Simultaneously Monitor Flexure of Ten Finger Joints Chandan Kumar Jha, Kshitij Gajapure, Arup Lal Chakraborty IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021 This paper demonstrates a fiber Bragg grating sensor-based instrumented glove that simultaneously measures the range of motion of the ten finger joints (five metacarpophalangeal, four proximal interphalangeal and one interphalangeal joint) with very high angular resolution (0.1°). The accuracy and repeatability of all the ten sensors of the glove are compared with a pre-calibrated inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The glove outperforms many earlier reported sensing gloves with a mean error of 0.80°. The standard deviation (1.01°) and range (2.60°) obtained in the reliability test performed on five healthy subjects are also smaller compared to many other gloves. The feasibility of using the glove in real-world applications has been shown by demonstrating a virtual reality (VR) platform that uses a Raspberry Pi-based module to interface the glove with custom VR games running on an Android tablet or a VR headset. VR-based gaming platforms have become popular in the rehabilitation of the upper limb in stroke patients in recent years. The high accuracy and reliability of this glove will enable accurate tracking of the movement quality and recovery progress of stroke patients during the virtual rehabilitation therapy.
Speech Quality Estimation of an FBG Sensor-based Contact Microphone in Noisy Environment Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2020
Real-time Accurate Monitoring of Ten Finger Joint Angles Using a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor-based Glove for use in Virtual Rehabilitation Chandan Kumar Jha, Arup Lal Chakraborty 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics Wrap 2019, 2019 Virtual reality-based exercises being immersive and interactive have become a useful tool in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors. Input systems such as instrumented gloves used in VR systems must be accurate, highly repeatable, and have very low latency to make the VR environment immersive. This paper describes an FBG sensor-based glove that offers very high accuracy (error = 0.80°) and excellent repeatability (standard deviation = 0.95°) in measuring the ten finger joint angles of the human hand simultaneously. The accuracy and repeatability of six of these sensors attached on the glove were tested using a pre-calibrated inertial measurement unit sensor.
A fibre Bragg grating sensor-based instrumented glove for virtual rehabilitation applications Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2016
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Design and evaluation of an FBG sensor-based glove to simultaneously monitor flexure of ten finger joints CK Jha, K Gajapure, AL Chakraborty IEEE Sensors Journal 21 (6), 7620-7630 , 2020 2020 Citations: 63
Real-time accurate monitoring of ten finger joint angles using a fiber bragg grating sensor-based glove for use in virtual rehabilitation CK Jha, AL Chakraborty 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP), 1-3 , 2019 2019 Citations: 8
A fiber Bragg grating sensor-based wearable system to detect the pre-Dicrotic and Dicrotic notch in the arterial pulse pressure waveform CK Jha, O Sinha, AL Chakraborty 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-4 , 2019 2019 Citations: 4
An FBG-Based Sensing Glove to Measure Dynamic Finger Flexure With an Angular Resolution of 0.1 up to Speeds of 80 CK Jha, S Agarwal, AL Chakraborty, C Shirpurkar Journal of Lightwave Technology 37 (18), 4734-4740 , 2019 2019 Citations: 33
A fiber Bragg grating strain sensor-based glove to accurately measure the bend angle of the finger flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joints CK Jha, AL Chakraborty 2018 Ieee Sensors, 1-4 , 2018 2018 Citations: 15
A fiber Bragg grating-based sensing glove with a sensitivity of 18.45 pm/degree to accurately assess finger flexure CK Jha, AL Chakraborty, S Agarwal Optical Fiber Sensors, WB4 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
Fiber Bragg grating interrogation using a wavelength modulated 1651 nm tunable distributed feedback laser and a fiber ring resonator for wearable biomedical sensors A Roy, AL Chakraborty, CK Jha 2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS), 1-4 , 2017 2017 Citations: 1
Fiber Bragg grating interrogation using wavelength modulated tunable distributed feedback lasers and a fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer A Roy, AL Chakraborty, CK Jha Applied optics 56 (12), 3562-3569 , 2017 2017 Citations: 16
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Design and evaluation of an FBG sensor-based glove to simultaneously monitor flexure of ten finger joints CK Jha, K Gajapure, AL Chakraborty IEEE Sensors Journal 21 (6), 7620-7630 , 2020 2020 Citations: 63
An FBG-Based Sensing Glove to Measure Dynamic Finger Flexure With an Angular Resolution of 0.1 up to Speeds of 80 CK Jha, S Agarwal, AL Chakraborty, C Shirpurkar Journal of Lightwave Technology 37 (18), 4734-4740 , 2019 2019 Citations: 33
Fiber Bragg grating interrogation using wavelength modulated tunable distributed feedback lasers and a fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer A Roy, AL Chakraborty, CK Jha Applied optics 56 (12), 3562-3569 , 2017 2017 Citations: 16
A fiber Bragg grating strain sensor-based glove to accurately measure the bend angle of the finger flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joints CK Jha, AL Chakraborty 2018 Ieee Sensors, 1-4 , 2018 2018 Citations: 15
A fiber Bragg grating-based sensing glove with a sensitivity of 18.45 pm/degree to accurately assess finger flexure CK Jha, AL Chakraborty, S Agarwal Optical Fiber Sensors, WB4 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
Real-time accurate monitoring of ten finger joint angles using a fiber bragg grating sensor-based glove for use in virtual rehabilitation CK Jha, AL Chakraborty 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP), 1-3 , 2019 2019 Citations: 8
A fiber Bragg grating sensor-based wearable system to detect the pre-Dicrotic and Dicrotic notch in the arterial pulse pressure waveform CK Jha, O Sinha, AL Chakraborty 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-4 , 2019 2019 Citations: 4
Fiber Bragg grating interrogation using a wavelength modulated 1651 nm tunable distributed feedback laser and a fiber ring resonator for wearable biomedical sensors A Roy, AL Chakraborty, CK Jha 2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS), 1-4 , 2017 2017 Citations: 1
