PhD Completed. Currently working as postdoctoral fellow
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Over the past few years, my research interests and activities have mainly centered on " Numerical analysis and mathematical modeling of various environmental problems”
9
Scopus Publications
37
Scholar Citations
5
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
Analytical Study of Reactive Contaminant Transport in a Tide-Induced Groundwater Environment along Unconfined Sloping Coastal Beaches Bushra Y. Shaikh, T. I. Eldho Journal of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste, 2026 Coastal beaches are vital to the hydrological system, yet the transport of pollutants, chemicals, bacteria, and viruses through groundwater can lead to contamination. This study develops a reactive contaminant transport model for tidally influenced beaches using various analytical approaches. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic model is established based on Boussinesq's governing equations. After linearizing the nonlinear equations, an analytical solution for sloping aquifers is derived, incorporating rainfall effects. The groundwater flow model's analytical results provide the basis for the reactive contaminant transport model, which includes a first-order decay reaction process. The analytical solution's validity is confirmed through comparisons with previous studies. A root mean square error analysis reveals higher error rates for upward sloping aquifers in both flow and transport models. Concentration profiles of the reactive contaminant plume are examined in relation to spatial and temporal variables, considering decay parameters, retardation factors, rainfall, and sloping angles to the impervious bed in a case study in Tamil Nadu, India. Higher dispersivity in upward sloping induces more dispersion, tending to decrease in concentration, while lower dispersivity causes less dispersion, resulting in the accumulation of contaminants and higher concentration. The study reveals that the concentration of contaminants is higher in sloping aquifers than in the horizontal ones. Increased retardation factor induces a fast decrease in concentration (0 ppm) before reaching the proximity surface. An increase in decay constant and retardation factor leads to a decrease in concentration in sloping aquifer systems. The skewness of concentration is negative for downward sloping aquifers, while it is positive for horizontal and upward sloping aquifers.
Understanding satellite-derived groundwater dynamics and its association with hydrological processes over India during excess and deficit monsoon years Bushra Y. Shaikh, Anant Parekh, C. Gnanaseelan Hydrological Processes, 2024 The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite provides valuable data to monitor groundwater variation. This study investigates groundwater dynamics in India during deficit and excess monsoon years. It finds possible interactions by exploring how groundwater levels respond to meteorological and hydrological conditions. Groundwater anomalies (GWA) are estimated using Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) from GRACE and hydrological parameters from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The statistical analysis reveals that the standard deviation is higher for hydrological parameters in summer (June to September), whereas it is higher in fall (October to November) for GWA in many parts of India. The modulation in hydrological parameters subsequently impacts GWA during the following seasons. The study reports increased groundwater across many parts of India during fall. However, groundwater decline is closely linked to unsaturated soil moisture from fall to winter (December to February). Groundwater storage is at its lowest levels during the following spring (March to May) over India. Four deficit and three excess summer monsoons occurred from 2002 to 2022. Composite analysis of GWA reveals that there is replenishment (depletion) of groundwater during the following fall and winter in excess (deficit). The analysis based on extreme deficit monsoon years (2002, 2009) and excess monsoon year (2019) reveals that during the deficit years, groundwater recharge is less, and excess monsoon year it is more; and is vice versa for GWA. The study reports decline in GWA during the summer 2019, which is attributed to the hydrological conditions of the preceding year and modulation of the hydrological processes. As climate variability and water scarcity become increasingly pressing issues, understanding the relationships between hydrological factors and groundwater dynamics is essential for ensuring sustainable water use and resilience to extremely varying climate conditions.
Analytical Solution for Tide-Influenced Groundwater Variation along Sloping Complex Coastal Aquifer in Presence of Rainfall Infiltration Bushra Y. Shaikh, T. I. Eldho Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2021 Coastal regions have the most challenging aquifer systems because of their geometry and the flow behavior of groundwater with tidal oscillations. Studies have focused on tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in horizontal aquifers whose base is extending under the sea by ignoring the fact that coastal beaches are sloping in nature. In this study, an unconfined coastal aquifer with an extending, sloping, impermeable base under the sea in the presence of tidal waves and exponential rainfall infiltration was modeled. An analytical solution of the given hydrodynamic model with boundary conditions was developed, which represents the similarity of water table heights at two points in the given spatial domain. Nonlinear Boussinesq equations were linearized to develop the model. The closed form of the analytical solution was obtained using various transform methods. The efficiency of the linearization method was determined using the alternating direction implicit scheme. Relative percentage difference was used to analyze the error statistics between analytical and numerical results. Further, temporal and spatial distributions of the water table were presented for different bed slopes, tidal patterns, and rainfall infiltrations. The derived solution provided the responses of the coastal aquifer with a sloping base extending under the sea to tidal oscillations in the presence of rainfall infiltration. The developed model is useful for field and experimental applications of coastal aquifer systems such as seawater intrusion studies and water clogging on the coastal interface owing to the deposition of silt, clay, and pollutant particles.
Propagation of Tidal Wave in Coastal Terrains with Complex Bed Geometry Bushra Y. Shaikh, Rajeev K. Bansal, Samir K. Das Environmental Processes, 2018 Transient interaction of tides and groundwater has a direct impact on marine ecosystems and plays an important role in coastal aquifer management. The literature is replete with studies that analyze the influence of periodic tidal waves on the adjacent aquifers of various configurations underlain by horizontal or sloping bases. However, water table fluctuations in coastal aquifers whose base extends horizontally as well as sloping in a definite lateral domain cannot be addressed with existing studies. This paper presents a new model for tide induced groundwater flow in a coastal aquifer system whose base has mixed features of both horizontal and sloping terrains. Variations in water table are simulated by combining a linear diffusion equation with an advection-diffusion equation. Validity of spatial and temporal variables as well as performance of new analytical solution is assessed with numerical solution of nonlinear Boussinesq equations. Sensitivity of the solution is analyzed in both homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifer systems. Numerical experiments based on Tchebycheff and L2 norms indicate that the new analytical solution provides acceptable results in a large range of aquifer parameters.
Tide-Induced Groundwater Flow Properties Along Sloping Unconfined Coastal Aquifer Bushra Y. Shaikh, Samir K. Das Environmental Processes, 2018 Tidal attenuation on groundwater flow properties is a crucial aspect in understanding groundwater-surface water interaction along coastal beaches. In this article, an analytical model is developed for describing the flow in the sloping unconfined aquifer bounded by ocean water along one side. Closed form of the transient solution from the linearized Boussinesq equation is obtained with exponentially decreasing tidal boundary condition. Numerical solution of nonlinear hydrodynamic equation is derived to assess the validity of linearization method. In this regard, the Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) Method is applied, which is further used to obtain the impact of recharge on groundwater flow from non-linear Advection-Convection equation. Sensitivity analysis for larger amplitudes over smaller mean depths of saturation is carried out to obtain the validity of linearization technique. For varying bed slopes, water table fluctuation is analyzed using various tidal components. The error statistics involving mean error and Relative Percentage Difference (RPD) show that both solutions are in good agreement with each other. The flow rate and volumetric exchange are discussed to elaborate the flow analysis of groundwater in the interaction. The bed slope is considered along the inland side and the results are discussed briefly with graphs. Similarly, the flow behavior along the coastal side is presented in tabular values.
Effect of tidal fluctuation on water table in a sloping leaky unconfined aquifer Bushra Y. Shaikh, Samir K. Das Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2017 The effect of tidal waves on groundwater flow is a crucial study from many aspects to handle the issues arising along coastal beaches. Hence, it is an important to assess the nature of groundwater fluctuation correctly using theoretical models. This work investigates the effect of bed slopes on the groundwater table fluctuations in a two-dimensional aquifer system near open tidal water with upward leakage. Unlike existing results, which focus only on confined or unconfined aquifer, the current study sheds light on height of water table in a leaky unconfined aquifer. Based on the assumption of physical model, the groundwater table with the effect of upward leakage for diurnal and semi-diurnal tides is analyzed. Linearization technique adopted in this work yields acceptable solution for varied situations, where tidal water interacts with an aquifer. The results obtained by analytical method for linearized equation are verified and compared with the numerical results for non-linear equation obtained by using highly stable alternate direction implicit (ADI) method. The error chart with inclusion of correlation coefficient, relative percentage difference (RPD) shows good echo of analytical results with numerical results. The combined effects of upward leakage and slopes are observed on the height of water table. The behavior of water table due to rise or decline in it’s height along an inland and coastal side are analyzed by considering tidal effects.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Analytical Study of Reactive Contaminant Transport in a Tide-Induced Groundwater Environment along Unconfined Sloping Coastal Beaches BY Shaikh, TI Eldho Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 30 (1), 04025031 , 2026 2026
Understanding satellite‐derived groundwater dynamics and its association with hydrological processes over India during excess and deficit monsoon years BY Shaikh, A Parekh, C Gnanaseelan Hydrological Processes 38 (8), e15255 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Analytical modeling of contaminant transport along sloping coastal beaches in presence of tidal waves and exponential rainfall infiltration BY Shaikh, TI Eldho Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 256, 104194 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Estimation of groundwater flow along complex coastal aquifers in presence of tidal waves BY Shaikh, TI Eldho ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 29 (2), 209-215 , 2023 2023
Analytical Solution for Tide-Influenced Groundwater Variation along Sloping Complex Coastal Aquifer in Presence of Rainfall Infiltration TIE Bushra Y. Shaikh Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 26 (11), 04021036 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Propagation of tidal wave in coastal terrains with complex bed geometry BY Shaikh, RK Bansal, SK Das Environmental Processes 5 (3), 519-537 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
Groundwater responses to tidal oscillations in a coastal plain overlying a sloping semiconfined aquifer system BY Shaikh, SK Das Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 23 (4), 04018005 , 2018 2018 Citations: 1
Tide-induced groundwater flow properties along sloping unconfined coastal aquifer BY Shaikh, SK Das Environmental Processes 5 (1), 131-154 , 2018 2018 Citations: 6
Effect of tidal fluctuation on water table in a sloping leaky unconfined aquifer BY Shaikh, SK Das Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 3 (4), 1395-1407 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Propagation of tidal wave in coastal terrains with complex bed geometry BY Shaikh, RK Bansal, SK Das Environmental Processes 5 (3), 519-537 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
Analytical Solution for Tide-Influenced Groundwater Variation along Sloping Complex Coastal Aquifer in Presence of Rainfall Infiltration TIE Bushra Y. Shaikh Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 26 (11), 04021036 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Tide-induced groundwater flow properties along sloping unconfined coastal aquifer BY Shaikh, SK Das Environmental Processes 5 (1), 131-154 , 2018 2018 Citations: 6
Analytical modeling of contaminant transport along sloping coastal beaches in presence of tidal waves and exponential rainfall infiltration BY Shaikh, TI Eldho Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 256, 104194 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Effect of tidal fluctuation on water table in a sloping leaky unconfined aquifer BY Shaikh, SK Das Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 3 (4), 1395-1407 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
Understanding satellite‐derived groundwater dynamics and its association with hydrological processes over India during excess and deficit monsoon years BY Shaikh, A Parekh, C Gnanaseelan Hydrological Processes 38 (8), e15255 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Groundwater responses to tidal oscillations in a coastal plain overlying a sloping semiconfined aquifer system BY Shaikh, SK Das Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 23 (4), 04018005 , 2018 2018 Citations: 1
Analytical Study of Reactive Contaminant Transport in a Tide-Induced Groundwater Environment along Unconfined Sloping Coastal Beaches BY Shaikh, TI Eldho Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 30 (1), 04025031 , 2026 2026
Estimation of groundwater flow along complex coastal aquifers in presence of tidal waves BY Shaikh, TI Eldho ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 29 (2), 209-215 , 2023 2023
