Physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of alkaline and acid-activated mixtures of calcined laterite-volcanic ash based inorganic polymers: Effects of reciprocal substitution Solomon T Ndisho, Ngaba Taybe, Jean Baenla, Philippe Douwe, Antoine Elimbi Advances in Applied Ceramics, 2025 This study determines certain characteristics of inorganic aluminosilicate polymers synthesized by alkaline and acid activations of three calcined laterites and powder of volcanic ash obtained by reciprocal progressive partial replacements, in order to compare their characteristics as earthen building materials. Firstly, the calcined laterites were partially replaced with volcanic ash before activation in the ideal alkaline and acid solutions to obtain inorganic polymer composites. Secondly, reverse replacements and activations were achieved. The results have shown that both the reactive phase content in the aluminosilicates along with the presence of certain oxides (Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 ) are the main parameters that influence the optimization of the characteristics of the obtained composites. Hence, the partial replacement of calcined laterites by volcanic ash is detrimental to the properties of the obtained products. Compressive strength reduces averagely by 57.6% and 36.7%, respectively for alkaline and acid-activated inorganic aluminosilicate polymers obtained by substituting calcined laterites with up to 50% volcanic ash. Conversely, partial replacement of volcanic ash with calcined laterites leads to 28 days compressive strength increase from 2.0 to 12.2 MPa (alkaline medium) and from 12.5 to 23.9 MPa (acidic medium). To get the best earthen building materials, activation of calcined laterite/volcanic ash mixtures is more effective in acidic medium than in alkaline one. Also, to obtain reliable products, only an aluminosilicate material with greater reactive phase content should be used as a substitute to partially replace the one with lesser reactive phase, not the reverse.
Effect of various amounts of aluminium oxy‐hydroxide coupled with thermal treatment on the performance of alkali‐activated metakaolin and volcanic scoria Emmanuel Tiffo, Placide Désiré Belibi Belibi, Jean Batiste Bike Mbah, Alomayri Thamer, Thierry Ebenizer Pougnong, Jean Baenla, Antoine Elimbi Scientific African, 2021 This study aims to improve the stability of alkali-activated products, such as powdered volcanic scoria and metakaolin, by thermal treatment in addition to their partial replacement with aluminium oxy-hydroxide. To this effect, mixtures obtained from a partial replacement of aluminosilicate sources (volcanic scoria or metakaolin) with respectively 0, 10, 20 or 30 % of mass of aluminium oxy-hydroxide were alkali-activated and stored for 28 days at room temperature in the laboratory. The various specimens obtained were heated at 900–1200 °C and both the alkali-aluminosilicates and the heated products were analysed. It appeared that aluminium oxy-hydroxide improves the stability of heated products. Thus, without replacement, alkali-activated specimens of metakaolin showed cracks at 1100 °C while those of volcanic scoria melted at 1150 °C. Conversely, heated alkali-activated specimens of either volcanic scoria or metakaolin with the replacement showed stability up to 1200 °C and an improvement in the residual compressive strength as from 900 °C. Indeed, at 1150 °C, the metakaolin-based geopolymers or the alkali-activated volcanic scoria with 30 % of mass of the replacement showed residual compressive strength of 76.7 and 35.0 MPa, respectively, due to the sintering and to the formation of new crystalline phases (mullite, corundum, carnegieite and nepheline). Yet, residual compressive strength in the alkali-activated aluminosilicate specimens with replacement that were heated at 1200 °C dropped as a result of the partial dissolution of nepheline and carnegieite which may have generated closed pores within their microstructure. Hence, alkali-activation of volcanic scoria or metakaolin partially replaced with aluminium oxy-hydroxide is a remarkable process to get thermally stable products.