Rabbit-256 Optimisation for Secure Blockchain Hashing in IoT-Healthcare Data Khalid Jadaa, Aymen Badr, Waleed Hussein, Latifah Kamarudin Al Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 2025 The recent trend towards the use of a blockchain as a means to guarantee the security of health data has raised concerns with regard to its applicability in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios due to computationally heavy primitives (e.g. hashing functions) and lack of scalability. As a solution to this problem, this article introduces Rabbit-256: an addition–rotation–XOR-based sponge construction derived from the Rabbit stream cipher that is twisted and adapted to a lightweight hash function, suitably adapted for distributed solutions in healthcare systems with a blockchain nature. Rabbit-256 is a lightweight encryption cipher that wears the mask of a hash function but with better diffusion and avalanche through an official buildup in Merkle trees. The presented system is evaluated using common cryptographic measures against SHA-256, i.e. grid operators of 100, 500, and 1000 inputs for the avalanche effect, Hamming distance, and mean standard deviation. We observe that Rabbit-256 exhibits a higher security margin and lower computational overhead, and thus, it is an optimal alternative to resource-constrained IoT systems given its resistance against attacks. Although the current work is developed in simulation, Rabbit-256 can be utilised for actual deployment to ensure the privacy of e-health records and medical sensor data in IoT and clinical services over a blockchain. In the future, we will focus on hardware design, energy efficiency, and integration (i.e. to be compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in the U.S. and the General Data Protection Regulation in Europe).
Designing a Framework for Implementing E-Learning Systems Utilizing Cloud Computing and Blockchain: A Case Study of Diyala University Badr, Aymen Mudheher, Yas, Qahtan M., Al-Hadithy, Thaer M., Umar, Hafiz Gulfam Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT, 2025 Integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into education has revolutionized the advancement and accessibility of e-learning in the modern educational landscape. However, poor infrastructure presents significant challenges for traditional e-learning, particularly in resource-limited areas like Iraq. This paper explores the role of cloud computing in overcoming these challenges and improving e-learning systems, focusing on the University of Diyala as a case study. A framework for a cloud-basede-learning platform architecture is proposed, based on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service(PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) models, to provide scalable, cost-effective, and secure solutions.Blockchain technology and lightweight cryptography are incorporated into this framework to enhancetransparency and security further. The integrated framework consists of several components, such ascentralized cloud storage, virtual classrooms, and a Learning Management System (LMS), all supported bystrong security protocols and adaptive resource allocation strategies. This research helps enhance e-learningsystems in developing countries with a directional pathway for institutions that want to embrace digitaltransformation in education.
Investigation on the Integrated Cloud and BlockChain (ICBC)Technologies to Secure Healthcare Data Management Systems Aymen Mudheher Badr, Lamia Chaari Fourati, Samiha Ayed Proceedings International Conference on Developments in Esystems Engineering Dese, 2023 Blockchain is emerging as one of the most promising and resourceful security technologies for cloud infrastructures. In a distributed database system, blockchain is used to store, read, and validate transactions. It can improve security, trustworthiness, and privacy by using an unchallengeable, shared distributed ledger on cloud nodes. Cloud-based healthcare systems (CHS) are vulnerable to various threats and attacks such as identity theft, medical fraud, insurance fraud, and alteration of critical patient data. Secure retrieval, access, and storage of data on CHS are necessary to protect critical medical data. Accordingly, the integrated cloud and BlockChain (ICBC) architecture emerge as a potential solution for shaping the next era of a healthcare system while providing efficient, secure, and effective patient care. In this context, this paper presents an in-depth exploration of advanced approaches to securing cloud-based healthcare data management systems using blockchain technologies. It provides a taxonomy and highlights the benefits and limitations of the approaches examined.
A Novel System for Confidential Medical Data Storage Using Chaskey Encryption and Blockchain Technology Aymen Mudheher Badr, Lamia Chaari Fourati, Samiha Ayed Baghdad Science Journal, 2023 Secure storage of confidential medical information is critical to healthcare organizations seeking to protect patient's privacy and comply with regulatory requirements. This paper presents a new scheme for secure storage of medical data using Chaskey cryptography and blockchain technology. The system uses Chaskey encryption to ensure integrity and confidentiality of medical data, blockchain technology to provide a scalable and decentralized storage solution. The system also uses Bflow segmentation and vertical segmentation technologies to enhance scalability and manage the stored data. In addition, the system uses smart contracts to enforce access control policies and other security measures. The description of the system detailing and provide an analysis of its security and performance characteristics. The resulting images were tested against a number of important metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), bit error rate (BER), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Normalization Correlation (NC) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). Our results showing that the system provides a highly secure and scalable solution for storing confidential medical data, with potential applications in a wide range of healthcare settings.
An Improved GIFT Lightweight Encryption Algorithm to Protect Medical Data in IoT Aymen Mudheher Badr, Lamia Chaari Fourati, Samiha Ayed Proceedings IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2023 The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the interconnection of devices that collect massive amounts of data, making IoT security requirements crucial and secured through encryption. However, traditional encryption protocols are no longer suitable for all IoT scenarios. We propose a new lightweight encryption method optimized for patient information protection in healthcare, considering the limited capacity of portable medical devices. Our method has been experimentally demonstrated to be effective, with a largest entropy of 7.9917 in medical images (computed tomography) and average coding and decoding times of 3.8952 sec and 3.0584 sec, respectively. The encoded image exhibits an even distribution of pixels and lower correlation coefficients between neighboring pixels, supporting the effectiveness of our less complex method compared to current state-of-the-art methods.
Multi Criteria Decision Making Technique for Evaluation and Selection performance Large Scale Data of Composite Materials Aidel Kadum Jassim AL-Shamary, Qahtan M. Yas, Aymen Mudheher Badr, Riyad Al Shalabi, Saeed Hameed Aldulaimi 2022 Asu International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems Icetsis 2022, 2022 the composite material is considered basic material in various fields nowadays. Many companies have produced different types of this product according to specific criteria. This paper aims to present a new methodology for evaluation and selection based on multi criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. A novelty claims by using an evaluation matrix (EM) to evaluate sandwich composite materials performance. The main issue of the evaluation of sandwich composite materials is performed by finding suitable criteria for performance metrics and the trade-off among the different types of composite materials. The methodology implemented in two steps; 1) Creation decision matrix by calculating the data based on the five alternatives, 2) MCDM approach adapted by integrating between AHP and TOPSIS techniques. The finding outcome of the comparison of external with internal aggregation values to select the ideal sandwich composite materials was 5mm/5mm/5mm sample at 10J of threshold which is most recommended, whereas the 15mm sample at 25J of threshold obtained the lowest value, and it is the worst case.
Dual authentication-based encryption with a delegation system to protect medical data in cloud computing Aymen Mudheher Badr, Yi Zhang, Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar Electronics Switzerland, 2019 The increasing use of cloud computing, especially in commercial, government and healthcare institutions, started with the use of computerized clouds. Clouds store important data, which reduces the cost of management and ensures easy access. To protect this data, cryptographic methods are used to ensure confidentiality of the data, as well as to secure access to user data and increase trust in cloud technology. In our paper, we suggest a new scheme to support an attribute-based encryption system (ABE) that involves multiple parties such as data owners, data users, cloud servers and authority. A verified and authenticated decryption process for the cloud environment is the imperative feature of our proposed architecture. The data owner encrypts their data and sends it to the cloud. The cloud server performs partial decryption and the final decrypted data are shared for users as per their privileges. Thus, the data owner reduces complexity of productivity by delegating the decryption process to the cloud server. Analysis of the experimental results confirms that data access in the electronic cloud atmosphere is safer due to a controlled multiple-users-rights scheme. Our performance evaluation results show that the proposed model condensed the communication overhead and made Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) more secure.
Novel to improved (MIMO-STBC) system based on artificial neural network Aymen Mudheher Badr, Muhammad Aamir, Yi Fei Pu 2017 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems Cis 2017 and IEEE Conference on Robotics Automation and Mechatronics Ram 2017 Proceedings, 2017 Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a promising application of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance, achieving spatial diversity. Space Time Block Code (STBC) is a powerful technique used at the transmitter of a MIMO system to obtain high data rates, a larger capacity, and a low Bit Error Rate (BER). In this work, the estimated Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel is achieved by using pilot's bits technique and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection was carried out with more than one type of back propagation training algorithm, which were used to make the (BER) of the proposed system closer to the (BER) of the known channel (MIMO) system.
Double hiding information in color image file based on classical LSB method Aymen Mudheher Badr, Xiao Di, Husham T. Ibrahim Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology, 2014 This study presents a two principles, Cryptography and Steganography, each tow methods work separately from the other to ensure a secure content. We are developed an algorithm to increase the safety and reliability of the copyrights of the images or books (etc.) that published on the internet by providing a watermark image (as logo) hiding inside the original file that we want product it. Firstly reading image (the logo image), convert it to binary and encrypted it by using EX-OR with a secret key and embedding it inside a gray image in the LSB (in the 1<sup>st</sup>) and hiding first key in the 2<sup>nd</sup> bit and the second key in the 3<sup>rd</sup> bit, then we embedding them in the LSB of Original image in RGB to be protected. The two secret keys, first one as an encryption key and the second key using as signature (data) that have been taken from the cover image (original) to make sure the reliability of the image transmitted via the Internet.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Net-Based Deep Learning Framework for Efficient Static-Human Activities Recognition AM Badr European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EJECE) 10 (1) , 2026 2026
Threat Detection Strategies in Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: A Modern Approach to Smart Security A Badr Diyala Journal of Artificial Intelligence 1 (1), 1-11 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Rabbit-256 Optimisation for Secure Blockchain Hashing in IoT-Healthcare Data K Jadaa, A Badr, W Hussein, L Kamarudin Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 21 (4), 45-64 , 2025 2025
A Privacy-Aware Framework for Stress Prediction Based on Secure Computational Intelligence HGA Umar, G Andam, Q Yas, AM Badr Authorea 2025 (1122) , 2025 2025
Designing a Practical Blockchain-Based Model for Electronic Health Records (EHR) in Iraqi Medical Institutions HGAU Abdullah Farhan Mahdi ,Aymen Badr Iraqi Journal of Sciences (IJAS) 2 (No. 1), 61-73 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Designing a Framework for Implementing E-Learning Systems Utilizing Cloud Computing and Blockchain: A Case Study of Diyala University AM Badr, QM Yas, TM Al-Hadithy, HG Umar Diyala Journal of Artificial Intelligence (DJAI) , 2025 2025
The relationship between innovation and fiscal policy (reality and challenges). font size 16, bold, centered. MZMMLA Mazhar KHAZAYIN OF ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2, P(194-204) , 2025 2025
Developing a Methodology for IOT Load Distribution within Edge Computing AF Mahdi, AM Badr, I Mishkhal Iraqi Journal for Applied Science 1 (3), 62-70 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
An Improved GIFT Lightweight Encryption Algorithm to Protect Medical Data In IoT AM Badr, LC Fourati, S Ayed 2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 1-7 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Investigation on the integrated cloud and blockchain (ICBC) technologies to secure healthcare data management systems AM Badr, LC Fourati, S Ayed 2023 15th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering … , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
A novel system for confidential medical data storage using chaskey encryption and blockchain technology AM Badr, LC Fourati, S Ayed Baghdad Science Journal 20 (6), 47 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Multi criteria decision making technique for evaluation and selection performance large scale data of composite materials AKJ AL-Shamary, QM Yas, AM Badr, R Al Shalabi, SH Aldulaimi 2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for … , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
Multi risk factors evaluation for lung cancer incidence based decision support systems QM Yas, EM Hameed, AM Badr, B Al-Bander Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 12 (13), 3409-3419 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Dual authentication-based encryption with a delegation system to protect medical data in cloud computing AM Badr, Y Zhang, HG Ahmad Umar Electronics 8 (2), 171 , 2019 2019 Citations: 23
Image in Image Steganography based on modified Advanced Encryption Standard and Lest Significant Bit Algorithms AM Badr, G Sabeh Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences 26 (8), 112-121 , 2018 2018 Citations: 2
A Hybrid Proposed Framework for Object Detection and Classification. M Aamir, YF Pu, Z Rahman, WA Abro, H Naeem, F Ullah, AM Badr Journal of Information Processing Systems 14 (5) , 2018 2018 Citations: 37
&Mohamed laythtalal and Ghassan Sabehc,” AM Badr Image in Image Steganography based on modified Advanced Encryption Standard … , 2018 2018 Citations: 2
Novel to improved (MIMO-STBC) system based on artificial neural network AM Badr, M Aamir, YF Pu 2017 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems … , 2017 2017
Multi-authority system based personal health record in cloud computing GS Mahmood, TM Hasan, AM Badr Journal of AL-Qadisiyah for computer science and mathematics 9 (1), 108-116 , 2017 2017 Citations: 3
A novel Digital watermarking technique based on STD (standard division) GSM Aymen Mudheher Badr, Mohammed Layth Talal International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6 (Issue 4) , 2015 2015 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A Hybrid Proposed Framework for Object Detection and Classification. M Aamir, YF Pu, Z Rahman, WA Abro, H Naeem, F Ullah, AM Badr Journal of Information Processing Systems 14 (5) , 2018 2018 Citations: 37
Dual authentication-based encryption with a delegation system to protect medical data in cloud computing AM Badr, Y Zhang, HG Ahmad Umar Electronics 8 (2), 171 , 2019 2019 Citations: 23
Multi criteria decision making technique for evaluation and selection performance large scale data of composite materials AKJ AL-Shamary, QM Yas, AM Badr, R Al Shalabi, SH Aldulaimi 2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for … , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
Multi risk factors evaluation for lung cancer incidence based decision support systems QM Yas, EM Hameed, AM Badr, B Al-Bander Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 12 (13), 3409-3419 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Investigation on the integrated cloud and blockchain (ICBC) technologies to secure healthcare data management systems AM Badr, LC Fourati, S Ayed 2023 15th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering … , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
An Improved GIFT Lightweight Encryption Algorithm to Protect Medical Data In IoT AM Badr, LC Fourati, S Ayed 2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 1-7 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Designing a Practical Blockchain-Based Model for Electronic Health Records (EHR) in Iraqi Medical Institutions HGAU Abdullah Farhan Mahdi ,Aymen Badr Iraqi Journal of Sciences (IJAS) 2 (No. 1), 61-73 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
A novel system for confidential medical data storage using chaskey encryption and blockchain technology AM Badr, LC Fourati, S Ayed Baghdad Science Journal 20 (6), 47 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Multi-authority system based personal health record in cloud computing GS Mahmood, TM Hasan, AM Badr Journal of AL-Qadisiyah for computer science and mathematics 9 (1), 108-116 , 2017 2017 Citations: 3
Threat Detection Strategies in Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: A Modern Approach to Smart Security A Badr Diyala Journal of Artificial Intelligence 1 (1), 1-11 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Image in Image Steganography based on modified Advanced Encryption Standard and Lest Significant Bit Algorithms AM Badr, G Sabeh Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences 26 (8), 112-121 , 2018 2018 Citations: 2
&Mohamed laythtalal and Ghassan Sabehc,” AM Badr Image in Image Steganography based on modified Advanced Encryption Standard … , 2018 2018 Citations: 2
Developing a Methodology for IOT Load Distribution within Edge Computing AF Mahdi, AM Badr, I Mishkhal Iraqi Journal for Applied Science 1 (3), 62-70 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
A novel Digital watermarking technique based on STD (standard division) GSM Aymen Mudheher Badr, Mohammed Layth Talal International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6 (Issue 4) , 2015 2015 Citations: 1
Double Hiding Information in Color Image File Based on Classical LSB Method HTI Aymen Mudheher Badr, Xiao Di Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 8 (3), 387-393 , 2014 2014 Citations: 1
Net-Based Deep Learning Framework for Efficient Static-Human Activities Recognition AM Badr European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EJECE) 10 (1) , 2026 2026
Rabbit-256 Optimisation for Secure Blockchain Hashing in IoT-Healthcare Data K Jadaa, A Badr, W Hussein, L Kamarudin Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 21 (4), 45-64 , 2025 2025
A Privacy-Aware Framework for Stress Prediction Based on Secure Computational Intelligence HGA Umar, G Andam, Q Yas, AM Badr Authorea 2025 (1122) , 2025 2025
Designing a Framework for Implementing E-Learning Systems Utilizing Cloud Computing and Blockchain: A Case Study of Diyala University AM Badr, QM Yas, TM Al-Hadithy, HG Umar Diyala Journal of Artificial Intelligence (DJAI) , 2025 2025
The relationship between innovation and fiscal policy (reality and challenges). font size 16, bold, centered. MZMMLA Mazhar KHAZAYIN OF ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2, P(194-204) , 2025 2025
