Coated Zein Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Amlodipine as a Repurposed Antibacterial Ocular Cure for MRSA-Induced Infection: Optimization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Assessments Alaa S. Eita, Amna M. A. Makky, Asem Anter, Islam A. Khalil Pharmaceutics, 2025 Background: Amlodipine besylate (AML) is recognized as a calcium channel blocker curative for hypertension. However, the drug emerged recently as an antibacterial cure that competently prevails over resistant strains. Methods: Incorporating amlodipine into zein nanoparticles was employed to innovate a suitable carrier for loading and targeting deep corneal infection. The Box–Behnken design was adopted to produce various formulations of amlodipine-loaded zein nanoparticles (AML-ZNs) with diversity in composition concentration (% w/v), comprising zein, Labrafac, and poloxamer 407. Results: Relying on the optimization criterion, the chosen preference formulation concentration (% w/v) consists of 2.068 for zein, 0.75 for Labrafac, and 1.0 for Poloxamer. Morphological micrography of AML-ZNs showed regular spherical particles in the nanometric scale, and physicochemical characterization procedures confirmed system suitability. While tracking eyedrop optimum features, sodium alginate was selected for coating nanoparticles to improve stability and system viscosity. Both pH and sterility were also considered and maintained. Comparative studies were conducted pre- and post-coating, and the assessed features for the final selected formulation were 349.9 ± 5.8 nm, 0.2186 ± 0.0271, −55.45 ± 1.84 mV, 81.293 ± 0.9%, and 19.3 ± 0.19 cp for size, PDI, surface charge, entrapment, and viscosity, respectively. The AML-ZNs-Alg formulation demonstrates a more controlled pattern of release of roughly 40% of the drug released after 48 h, while the permeation profile shows 37 ± 3.52% permeated after 24 h, confirmed visually. In vitro microbial assay alongside the corneal in vivo microbial and histological pathology evaluation proved the efficacy of amlodipine as an antibacterial agent. Conclusions: These findings highlighted that the prepared AML-ZNs-Alg eyedrop can be a promising system as an antibacterial therapy.
Nanoparticles Loaded Thermoresponsive In Situ Gel for Ocular Antibiotic Delivery against Bacterial Keratitis Muhammad Naseer Abbas, Saeed Ahmad Khan, Sajid Khan Sadozai, Islam A. Khalil, Asem Anter, et al. Polymers, 2022 Antibiotics delivered through conventional dosage against ophthalmic infections show lower therapeutic efficacy due to their low residence time. Therefore, there is a great need to design and develop novel dosage forms that would increase the ocular residence time of antibiotics at the site of infection. This study describes the development of nanoparticles laden in situ gelling solution, intended to sustain antibiotic release for improved therapeutic efficiency. Oxytetracycline-loaded gelatin-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles were prepared and incorporated in poloxamer-N407 solution. The rheological properties of the system were studied concerning time and temperature. Moreover, in vivo biocompatibility of the system was ascertained using the Draize test and histological studies. Finally, the optimized formulation was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against one of the most common keratitis causing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the in vivo efficacy was evaluated on the rabbit’s eye conjunctivitis model. The formulation showed a sustained effect against keratitis; furthermore, the antibacterial activity was comparable with the commercial product.
Coated Zein Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Amlodipine as a Repurposed Antibacterial Ocular Cure for MRSA-Induced Infection: Optimization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo … AS Eita, AMA Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil Pharmaceutics 17 (10), 1314 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Foamable pluroleosomes system loaded with amlodipine as a repurposed antibacterial topical formulation against MRSA-induced infection; optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in … AS Eita, AMA Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 100406 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Anticariogenic efficacy of Indian Costus mouthwash in children G Salem, M ElMansy, E Allam, A Anter, R Abdelmonem, M Rashed Journal of Herbal Medicine 50, 100997 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
The role of salicylic acid in increasing the Productivity of some wheat cultivars under saline soil conditions at South Sinai MA Abdelaziz, A Anter Journal of Plant Production 14 (9), 443-452 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
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Inhalable vancomycin-loaded lactose microparticles for treatment of MRSA pneumonia MM Abdelaziz, A Hefnawy, A Anter, MM Abdellatif, MAF Khalil, IA Khalil Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 80, 104150 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Repurposing of atorvastatin emulsomes as a topical antifungal agent AS Eita, A Ma Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil Drug Delivery 29 (1), 3414-3431 , 2022 2022 Citations: 31
Atorvastatin-loaded emulsomes foam as a topical antifungal formulation AS Eita, AMA Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X 4, 100140 , 2022 2022 Citations: 25
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Respirable spray dried vancomycin coated magnetic nanoparticles for localized lung delivery MM Abdelaziz, A Hefnawy, A Anter, MM Abdellatif, MAF Khalil, IA Khalil International Journal of Pharmaceutics 611, 121318 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Nanoparticles Loaded Thermoresponsive In Situ Gel for Ocular Antibiotic Delivery against Bacterial Keratitis. Polymers 2022; 14: 1135 M Abbas, SA Khan, SK Sadozai, IA Khalil, A Anter, MA Fouly, AH Osman, ... s Note: MDPI stays neu-tral with regard to jurisdictional claims in … , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Antibacterial Effect Of A New Herbal Paste Used As An Intracanal Medication In Necrotic Primary Molars, A Randomized Control Trial G Salem, R Abd-Elmonem, A Anter, M El-mansy Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2593-601 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
POSSIBILITY OF USING ALPHA AMYLASE PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI STRAIN ATCC 17588 AS DIGESTIVE ENZYME AAAEA Mohamed Salah Azab, Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman, Said El-Sayed Desouky Egypt. J. Biotechnology. 58 (Pharmaceutical Microbiology.), 157-17. , 2019 2019
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Nanoparticles loaded thermoresponsive in situ gel for ocular antibiotic delivery against bacterial keratitis MN Abbas, SA Khan, SK Sadozai, IA Khalil, A Anter, ME Fouly, AH Osman, ... Polymers 14 (6), 1135 , 2022 2022 Citations: 57
Repurposing of atorvastatin emulsomes as a topical antifungal agent AS Eita, A Ma Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil Drug Delivery 29 (1), 3414-3431 , 2022 2022 Citations: 31
Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles for vancomycin conjugation MM Abdelaziz, A Hefnawy, A Anter, MM Abdellatif, MAF Khalil, IA Khalil ACS omega 7 (34), 30161-30170 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Atorvastatin-loaded emulsomes foam as a topical antifungal formulation AS Eita, AMA Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X 4, 100140 , 2022 2022 Citations: 25
Respirable spray dried vancomycin coated magnetic nanoparticles for localized lung delivery MM Abdelaziz, A Hefnawy, A Anter, MM Abdellatif, MAF Khalil, IA Khalil International Journal of Pharmaceutics 611, 121318 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Corneal targeted Amorolfine HCl-mixed micelles for the management of ocular candidiasis: Preparation, in vitro characterization, ex vivo and in vivo assessments EM Abd-Elmonem, AMA Makky, A Antar, WH Abd-Elsalam, IA Khalil Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 85, 104614 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Inhalable vancomycin-loaded lactose microparticles for treatment of MRSA pneumonia MM Abdelaziz, A Hefnawy, A Anter, MM Abdellatif, MAF Khalil, IA Khalil Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 80, 104150 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Anticariogenic efficacy of Indian Costus mouthwash in children G Salem, M ElMansy, E Allam, A Anter, R Abdelmonem, M Rashed Journal of Herbal Medicine 50, 100997 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
The role of salicylic acid in increasing the Productivity of some wheat cultivars under saline soil conditions at South Sinai MA Abdelaziz, A Anter Journal of Plant Production 14 (9), 443-452 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Foamable pluroleosomes system loaded with amlodipine as a repurposed antibacterial topical formulation against MRSA-induced infection; optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in … AS Eita, AMA Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 100406 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Nanoparticles Loaded Thermoresponsive In Situ Gel for Ocular Antibiotic Delivery against Bacterial Keratitis. Polymers 2022; 14: 1135 M Abbas, SA Khan, SK Sadozai, IA Khalil, A Anter, MA Fouly, AH Osman, ... s Note: MDPI stays neu-tral with regard to jurisdictional claims in … , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Coated Zein Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Amlodipine as a Repurposed Antibacterial Ocular Cure for MRSA-Induced Infection: Optimization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo … AS Eita, AMA Makky, A Anter, IA Khalil Pharmaceutics 17 (10), 1314 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Antibacterial Effect Of A New Herbal Paste Used As An Intracanal Medication In Necrotic Primary Molars, A Randomized Control Trial G Salem, R Abd-Elmonem, A Anter, M El-mansy Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2593-601 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
POSSIBILITY OF USING ALPHA AMYLASE PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI STRAIN ATCC 17588 AS DIGESTIVE ENZYME AAAEA Mohamed Salah Azab, Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman, Said El-Sayed Desouky Egypt. J. Biotechnology. 58 (Pharmaceutical Microbiology.), 157-17. , 2019 2019