Comparing Teacher and ChatGPT Feedback in EFL/ESL Writing: A Systematic Review Maryam Hamzehloo, Ali Sorayyaei Azar, Mahdi Hamzehloo Leveraging AI for Future Ready Writing Education, 2026 This systematic review investigates the use of ChatGPT-generated feedback in EFL/ESL writing. It follows the PRISMA guidelines and includes multiple databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The researchers reviewed 39 relevant studies that were published between 2022 and 2025. They addressed three main research area: first, the benefits and challenges of ChatGPT feedback in EFL/ESL writing; second, AI-generated feedback and teacher feedback are compared in terms of learners' engagement and motivation; and third, pedagogical implications and gaps in the current research are identified. Findings indicate that ChatGPT feedback enhances mechanical writing skills and promote learners' engagement. However, challenges like overreliance on AI are reported. Comparative analyses suggest that both ChatGPT and teacher feedback improve writing performance, although teacher feedback remains crucial for personalized guidance. This chapter also includes research gaps and implications for EFL/ESL pedagogy and future research directions.
Preface Leveraging AI for Future Ready Writing Education, 2026
Technology Assisted Through Virtual Robot Tutor (VTR) in Writing English Short Stories: From Tools to Innovative Pedagogy Muthmainnah Muthmainnah, Luis Miguel Cardoso, M. Nagalakshmi, Eka Apriani, Ahmad Al Yakin, Ali Sorayyaei Azar, Ahmed J. Obaid Leveraging AI for Future Ready Writing Education, 2026 Students in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes have reported more individualised and innovative learning experiences with the integration of AI in hybrid classes. However, teaching narrative writing is one area where artificial intelligence is currently underutilised in Indonesia. Most existing technology-assisted approaches focus on grammar checking and output templates. Based on the findings of this study indicates that VRT is more than just a technological tool; learning VRT assists students in storyboarding, brainstorming, and self-editing through practical dialogic feedback. AI-assisted VRT can be a versatile and scalable tool for teaching writing in resource-constrained EFL environments, such as in Indonesia. This study contributes to the credibility of incorporating intelligent agents into EFL classrooms as a means to foster students' autonomy, creativity, and narrative skills. This solution helps educators, legislators, and instructional designers improve student performance in writing instruction in the digital age.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BUDDHIST PRACTICES AND MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION IN THAI LATE ADOLESCENTS: A NATIONAL SURVEY DATA Journal of Buddhist Anthropology, 2025
Data-Driven Analysis of EFL Teaching Factors: Classroom Environment and Collaboration Effects on Students’ Performance: A Study at Secondary Schools of Guiyang City, China Lou Minfang, Ooi Boon Keat, Ali Sorayyaei Azar International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 2025 This study aims to establish and validate a theoretical framework to examine the effects of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom environment and collaborative learning on students’ performance. Through rigorous data analysis, this research seeks to enhance understanding of how these factors influence student outcomes in English language learning. A quantitative research design was employed, using a questionnaire to collect data from 293 English teachers at secondary schools across the Nanming District, Guiyang City. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS for structural equation modeling. The results indicate that both the EFL classroom environment and collaborative learning have statistically significant positive relationships with student performance (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of fostering a supportive classroom atmosphere and implementing collaborative learning strategies to enhance educational outcomes. Based on the results, it is recommended that education authorities encourage English teachers to adopt collaborative learning methods and update their pedagogical skills to better facilitate student engagement and performance. Additionally, schools should be equipped with essential teaching resources and effective classroom environments to support the teaching-learning process.
Online or In-person? Exploring English Students' Classroom Format Preferences and Motivations Ali Sorayyaei Azar, Maryam Hamzehloo, Mahdi Hamzehloo Asian Journal of University Education, 2025 Online learning is an important and expanding part of education in today's world.Learning English online is also highly significant.This study explores why English language learners choose online, in-person, or blended learning methods.A total of 129 language learners from various proficiency levels, selected from private English language institutes in Karaj, Iran, participated in the survey to represent a wide range of English learners.The data were analysed using various statistical methods, such as Chisquare tests in SPSS.This study investigates students' preferences for different classroom formats and how these preferences influence their satisfaction, motivation, and academic success.The results indicate a significant link between preferred learning formats and satisfaction.While many learners favour online classes for their flexibility and accessibility, others prefer traditional classes for more personal interaction.Challenges associated with online learning include technical issues and diminished engagement.Based on these findings, it is recommended that blended learning be adopted to harness the advantages of both formats.This approach can address diverse learner needs and enhance educational outcomes.The research adds to the ongoing dialogue on digital education and provides practical suggestions for improving language instruction in contemporary learning environments.
Can ChatGPT Analyze Textual Data? The Case of Conceptual Metaphors in Short Stories of Language Assessment Hui Geng, Han Wei, Vahid Nimehchisalem, Ali Sorayyaei Azar Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2025 ChatGPT, a modern artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, has emerged as an unprecedented breakthrough in multiple domains traditionally dominated by humans. Its ability to engage in human-like conversations has the potential to influence the fields of linguistics and education. The fundamental functions of ChatGPT in teaching and learning have been the subject of some research, but its application in textual analysis has received scant attention. This study aims to investigate how ChatGPT assists in analyzing conceptual metaphors (CMs) in short stories used in language assessment. Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the study identified the structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors in 22 short stories from the book Tests and Us 2, first by the cutting-edge AI program ChatGPT (GPT-4), then refined by the researchers and validated by linguistic experts. The results showed a total of 250 conceptual metaphors, including 131 structural metaphors, 64 ontological metaphors, and 55 orientational metaphors. When validated by human specialists, GPT-4 accurately recognized conceptual metaphors in 81.2% of the cases, amounting to 203 instances. The most dominant error made by GPT-4 was classifying non-metaphoric expressions as metaphoric, followed by providing unclear explanations and classifying metaphoric expressions as non-metaphoric. Errors associated with being too general and too non-literal, unmatched categorization as well as wrong mapping of source or target domain also occurred. Our study shows that ChatGPT, despite its controversial position in academic settings, can be used as a relatively reliable tool in aiding the analysis of textual data.
Preface Navigating AI and the Metaverse in Scientific Research, 2025
The synergy of AI and robotics in modern education Froilan Delute Mobo, Ali Sorayyaei Azar, Ana Liza Reclozado Garcia Innovations in Educational Robotics Advancing AI for Sustainable Development, 2025
The impact of Malaysian education and social science lecturers' trait emotional intelligence and classroom discourse on students' comprehension of learned jargons Asian Efl Journal, 2020
Digital Humanities 5.0 and AI for Transformative English Language Pedagogy: The AIMED Framework AS Azar Sustainable Global Societies Initiative 1 (5) , 2026 2026
Enhancing Cognitive and Linguistic Development in Early Childhood Education: Exploring Influential Theories, AI-Powered Practices, and Parenting Dynamics in the Digital Age AS Azar, MM Nor, S Curle Springer , 2026 2026
Leveraging AI for Future-Ready Writing Education A Sorayyaei Azar, RK Ghosh, E Çela IGI Global , 2026 2026
Comparing Teacher and ChatGPT Feedback in EFL/ESL Writing: A Systematic Review M Hamzehloo, AS Azar, M Hamzehloo Leveraging AI for Future-Ready Writing Education, 143-164 , 2026 2026
Technology Assisted Through Virtual Robot Tutor (VTR) in Writing English Short Stories: From Tools to Innovative Pedagogy M Muthmainnah, LM Cardoso, M Nagalakshmi, E Apriani, A Al Yakin, ... Leveraging AI for Future-Ready Writing Education, 213-238 , 2026 2026
The Sociology of English Language Teaching and Learning in the Age of AI MA Al-Saggaf, AS Azar, T Hossain IGI GLOBAL , 2026 2026
AI-Powered Solutions for Bilingual Proficiency and Communication AS Azar, S Shakib Kotamjani, M Milad, S Ahmad Shah IGI GLOBAL , 2026 2026
From Chalkboards to Chatbots: The Transformation of Language Learning Through AI A Asrifan, R Vivekanantharasa, N Aini, AS Azar, JC Jakob AI-Powered Solutions for Bilingual Proficiency and Communication, 33-62 , 2026 2026
AI for Bilingual Mastery: Personalized Learning and Intelligence Tutoring in Language Education A Asrifan, LR Octaberliana, AS Azar AI-Powered Solutions for Bilingual Proficiency and Communication, 177-206 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Online or In-person? Exploring English Students' Classroom Format Preferences and Motivations AS Azar, M Hamzehloo, M Hamzehloo Asian Journal of University Education (AJUE) 21 (3), 1002- 1015 , 2025 2025
Data-Driven Analysis of EFL Teaching Factors: Classroom Environment and Collaboration Effects on Students’ Performance: A Study at Secondary Schools of Guiyang City, China L Minfang, AS Azar IJLTER. ORG 24 (10), 928-952 , 2025 2025
Can ChatGPT Analyze Textual Data? The Case of Conceptual Metaphors in Short Stories of Language Assessment H Geng, H Wei, V Nimehchisalem, AS Azar Journal of Language Teaching and Research 16 (5), 1665-1672 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Humour discourse in ESL classrooms: a critical literature review AS Azar, Y Huang The European Journal of Humour Research (EJHR) 13 (2), 257- 269 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Integrating AI and sustainability in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) A Sorayyaei Azar, S Kant Gupta, H Taherdoost, F Alhamaty IGI Global , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Cultivating Inclusive Educational Leadership Ecosystems: Women Trailblazers and the Path Forward: Women Trailblazers and the Path Forward M Yousefi, A Sorayyaei Azar, C Anderson, S Gray IGI Global , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Revolutionizing healthcare experience with digital medical tourism VI Hassan, A Singh, AS Jaboob, A Sorayyaei Azar IGI Global , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Innovations in Educational Robotics: Advancing AI for Sustainable Development: Advancing AI for Sustainable Development A Sorayyaei Azar, T Elyas, M Muthmainnah, S Curle IGI Global , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Male EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on Error Correction in Language Education M Hamzehloo, AS Azar, M Hamzehloo LANGUAGE ART 10 (1), 35-48 , 2025 2025
Smart education and sustainable learning environments in smart cities A Sorayyaei Azar, SK Gupta, KB Al Bataineh, N Maurya, P Somani IGI Global , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Transformative Approaches to Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) Integration in Modern Education S Behera, AS Azar, S Curle, J Dials IGI Global , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Learners’ attitudes toward the effectiveness of mobile assisted language learning (MALL) in L2 listening comprehension AS Azar, H Nasiri Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 98, 1836-1843 , 2014 2014 Citations: 256
The application of ICT techs (mobile-assisted language learning, gamification, and virtual reality) in teaching English for secondary school students in Malaysia during covid … AS Azar, NHI Tan Universal Journal of Educational Research 8 (11C), 55-63 , 2020 2020 Citations: 133
Motivation in second language acquisition among learners in Malaysia AS Azar, D Tanggaraju Studies in English language and education 7 (2), 323-333 , 2020 2020 Citations: 124
The effect of ascorbic acid and H_2O_2 treatment on the stability of anthocyanin pigments in berries E Nikkhah, M Khaiamy, R Heidary, AS Azar Turkish Journal of Biology 34 (1), 47-53 , 2010 2010 Citations: 52
The impact of effective educational leadership on school students’ performance in Malaysia AS Azar, EJ Adnan Education Quarterly Reviews 3 (2) , 2020 2020 Citations: 36
The Impact of Teacher Quality Management on Student Performance in the Education Sector: Literature Review Q Guo, AS Azar, A Albattat World Journal of English Language 13 (3), 156-171 , 2023 2023 Citations: 34
The impact of attitude markers on enhancing evaluation in the review article genre AS Azar, A Hashim GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 19 (1), 153-173 , 2019 2019 Citations: 34
The self-promotion of academic textbooks in the preface section: A genre analysis AS Azar Atlantis 34 (2), 147-166 , 2012 2012 Citations: 31
The effectiveness of hospitality experiential learning from academic and industry perspectives AS Azar, A Albattat, AY Kamaruddin Journal of Critical Reviews 7 (12), 296-301 , 2020 2020 Citations: 29
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on the Work Performance of University Teachers through the Mediation of Organization Culture: Literature Review. L Chunhui, AS Azar, A Ahmad UCJC Business & Society Review , 2024 2024 Citations: 27
Iranian EFL learners’ attitudes toward correction of oral errors AS Azar, S Molavi The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences , 2013 2013 Citations: 25
Collaborative Learning in the Classroom: The Study of Malaysian University Students' Attitude. AS Azar, OB Keat, JS Arutus Ilkogretim Online 20 (4) , 2021 2021 Citations: 23
A Stylistic Analysis of “Maria” in “Clay”: The Character in James Joyce’s Short Story’ AS Azar, NS Yazdchi Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 2 (2), 1050-1055 , 2012 2012 Citations: 22
A comparative study of the inclusive education policy in Vietnam and Malaysia: Proposed solutions for sustainable development education in Vietnam PHT Linh, AS Azar Education Quarterly Reviews 2 (3) , 2019 2019 Citations: 21
Metadiscourse in applied linguistics research articles: A cross-sectional survey AS Azar published three times a year, by Mediterranean Center of Social and … , 2012 2012 Citations: 21
Towards an Analysis of Review Article in Applied Linguistics: Its Classes, Purposes and Characteristics. AS Azar, A Hashim English Language Teaching 7 (10), 76-88 , 2014 2014 Citations: 19
Interaction markers in the written output of learners of English: The case of gender D Kuhi, A Shomoossi, N Shomoossi, AS Azar Journal of Education 1 (2), 79-90 , 2012 2012 Citations: 17
Navigating education 5.0 robotic technique for teaching foreign languages in todays classroom: Unveiling the potential of virtual pedagogical agents M Muthmainnah, E Apriani, AG Marzuki, A Al Yakin, N Aeni, AS Azar, ... Preconceptions of Policies, Strategies, and Challenges in Education 5.0, 118-138 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
Text presentation or video: Malaysian university students’ preferences with synchronous and asynchronous learning AS Azar, NHI Tan Education and Information Technologies , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
Factors Affecting Malaysian Undergraduate Students' Motivation in Improving English Proficiency in Academic Environments AS Azar, SABM Sahar Higher Education Challenges in South-East Asia, 35-73 , 2021 2021 Citations: 14